Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/587

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fays are ten in number, where they firft part from the body, and each foon branches out into a number more.

DECADARCHUS, Asj^Af^or, among the Greeks, a com- mander of a party of ten men. Potter, Archasol. Grsec. 1. 3. T. 2. p. 56.

DECALITRON, among the antients, a piece of money ufed by the people of ./Egina, in value equal to lof Attic oboli. Vid. tiofin. Lex. in voc.

DECAMERIS {CycL) —In Monf. Sauveur's fyftem the Deca- meris is the tenth part of the heptameris, which he makes the feventh part of the meris; and this is the forty-third part of the o£tave : fo that the Decameris is jtt? of an o£tave. See Mem. Acad. Scienc. 1701, and 1707.

DECAMYRON, in the medicinal writings of the antients, the name of a malagma,confifting often different kinds of aromatics : thefe were the Indian leaf, maffick, euphorbium, fpikenard, a- darce, ftorax, pepper, ointment of nard, opobabamum, and wax. Vid. Cajl. and James in voc.

DECANDRIA, in botany, a clafs of plants with hermaphrodite flowers, and ten ftamina, or male parts in each. See Tab. 1. of botany, Clafs I.

The word is formed of the Greek ^ g^w, ten, and <tv»p, male. Of this clals of plants are the judas tree, baftard dittany, &c.

DECANUS, in aftrology, a title given to the god who prefided at any birth, fllg^wr© 1, tJpfm. Lex. in voc. See the arti- cle Astrology, Cycl.

DECASMUS, (Te^ff^.©-, in antiquity, the name of an action or procefs among the Athenians, which was brought againft any perfon who offered a bribe. They thought it not enough to punifh the perfon receiving a bribe, but that the perfon who offered it ought to be punifhed likewife. Pott. Archasol. Grace. 1. 1. c. 23.

DECEIT, Decepiio, or Dolus, in law, is ufed for any fubtile, wily Ihift, or trick i to which may be referred all manner of craft, fubtilty, guile, fraud, Height, cunning, covin, collufion and practice ufed to deceive another by any means. See Weft. p. 2. fymbol, tit. indictments, feci. 68.

DECEIVED, in the manege, is ufed, when a horfe upon a de- mi-volt of one or two treads, working, for inftance, to the right, and not having yet furnifhed above half the demi-volt, is prefled one time or motion forwards with the inner leg, and then is put to a reprife upon the left, in the fame cadence with which he began. He thus regains the place where the demi-volt had been begun to the right, and works to the left. A horfe may in this manner be deceived on any hand. Guil- lei, Gen. Di£t. P. 1. in voc.

DECEMVIRATE, in roman antiquity, the government of the Decemviri. See Decemviri, Cycl.

DECENNARY, Decennaria, the limits or compafs of ten Fri- burghs. See DecennieRS, Cycl.

DECEPTIONS, in law, a writ which properly lies for one that receives harm or damage, by him that does any thing deceit- fully in the name of another.

This writ is either original or judicial. Old. Nat. Br. fol. 50. Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 95. See Reg. of Writs, fol. 1 12. and Reg. Judicial.

DECIM/E, Tubes, in law. See Tithes, Cycl.

DECIMIS fohendis pro poffeffionibus alienigenarum, a writ, yet extant in the regifter, which Jay againft thofe that had farmed the Priors Aliens lands of the king, for the recTror of the parifh, to recover his tithe of them. Reg. of Writs, fol. 179.

DECK (Cycl.)—F/uJh-DECK. See the article Flush-.LV*.

DECOMPOSITE Leaf, among botanifts. See Leaf.

DECTA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the garden beet. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

DECUMANNI Derates, a term ufed by the Latin writers on heraldry to exprefs that fort of line in arms, which we call danfette, or dancette. See Dancette, Cycl. It is a kind of indented line, but is very large, and has very few teeth, commonly no more than three. It is fuppofed to have been in its origin no other than the letter M, with its two legs extended from one fide of the field to the other.

DECUPELATION, the fame with Decantation. Harris. See the article Decantation, Cycl.

DECURRENT Leaf among botanifts. See Leaf.

DEDUCTOR, in antiquity, a client, who, befides the ordi- nary ceremony of faluting his patron every morning, was likewife obliged to attend him on public occafions. Pitifc. Lex Antiq. in voc.

DEDUTTIONE, in the Italian mufic, the name which Guido Aretine gave to the rife of the voice, in pronouncing the fyl- lables, ut, re, mi, fa, fol, la : quia per has deducitur vox. On the contrary, when the voice defcended by la, fol, fa, mi, re, ut, he called it Rcdutione, quia per has reducitur vox. Broff. Difl. Muf. in voc.

DEER, Cervus, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of ani- mals comprehending the common deer, and the elke. The cha- racters of this genus are, that the horns fall off" every year, that they are folid and branched, and that the animal chews the cud.

The word Cervus, ufed alone, is underftood by authors to mean the Stag, or red Deer, the others being all diftinguifhed Sup fl. Vol. I.

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by their feveral adjectives ; the common fallow Deer being Call- ed Cervus platy ceres, or the broad horned Deer. Rays Synopf. Quad, p, 81.

The red Deer differs from the common kind in its fize, and in the figure of its horns. The common Deer is more preferved in England than in any other part of the world, and carries its diftindtion from the red Deer in the falcated figure of its horns.

We keep feveral fpecies of thefe however, and may perhaps increafe them in fome fort to many more, as they are a very falacious animal, and will be apt to mingle one fpecies with another. The principal kinds we know at prefent, are, 1. the Spanijh Deer, which is almoft as large as the red Deer t but has a very flender neck, and is of a deep dusky colour ; the tail in this fpecies alfo is longer than in ours, and, is black all over, not white next the body. 2. The mottled Deer, which are beautifully variegated with black, white, and taw- ney. 3. The Virginia Deer, which are larger and ftronger than ours, and have thicker necks, and are of a grey or afh colour rather than tawney, and remarkable for the largenefs of their penis and fcrotum. 4. A fpecies which have their hinder hoofs marked with white on the outfide; the ears and tails of thefe are long, their horns branched, and their forehead a little deprelTed or hollowed between the eyes. Thefe will eat bread, fruits, and any thing that is offered them, and are often beau- tifully variagated, many of them have black variegations, and a black lift down their back, with a feries of white fpots on each fide ; others are fo beautifully marked with white fpots and other variegations, as to equal the zebra in beauty : thefe they call menakd Deer. Ray's Synopf. Quad. p. 80. The method of hunting Deer in the iiland of Ceylon is very particular. The huntfmen go out in the night, and only two ufually go together; the one of thefe carries upon his head an earthen veflel, in which there is fome fire burning and flaming • the ingredients are generally fmall flicks cut into pieces, and common rofin ; of this the other man carries a fupply about him to replenifh the pot when it grows low. The perfon who has the fire upon his head carries in one hand a ftaff, on which there are fixed eight bells, and the larger thefe are the better. This man goes firft into the woods, and the other follows clofe behind with a fpear in his hand. As foon as a Deer hears the noife of the bells, he turns towards the place whence the found comes, and feeing the fire he ea- gerly runs up to it, and Hands gazing at a fmall diftance ; the fecond man has then nothing to do but to kill him with the fpear, for he fees neither of them.

Not only Deer but elks, and even hares are thus taken, for they gaze at the fire, and never fee the men. The profits of this fort of hunting are very large, and the danger nothing; for though there are great numbers of tygers, elephants, and wild boars in thefe woods, the huntfmen are in no danger of them while the fire burns, for they all run away from it. Phil. Tranf. N 3 278. p, 1094.

Moufe-DEER. See Mouse-ZW.

Deer -field, a park, or place where deer are kept.

X)EER~Hays, engines or great nets, made of cords, to catch deer. Anno 19. Hen. 7. cap. 11.

Deer's-/^W, in botany, Ssfc, See Luteola.

DE ESSENDO quietum de tolonio, a writ that lies for thofe who are by privilege freed from the payment of toll. See Nat. Br. fol. 226.

DEFECTIVE (Cycl.) —Defective third, in mufic. Seethe articles Diminished third, and Deficient.

DEFEND, Defenders, in our antient laws and ftatutes, fignifies to prohibit or forbid : as, ufuarios defendit qmquc rex Edwardus ne remanerent in regno. LL. Edw. Conf. c. 37. & 5 Rich. 2. c. 7. In which fenfe alfo Chaucer ufes it in the following paf- fage :

Where can you fay hi any manner age, That ever God defended marriage. In 7 Edw. 1. there is a ffatute entituled, Siatutum de Defenfio- neportandi arma, &c. And it is defended by law to diftrain on the highway. Coke on Littl, fol. 161.

Defendere unica manu, to wage law, by denying the accuta- t ion upon oath. Et feforte forisfaftor illefaftum negaverit, & for eflarius jolus fit fine tefle, tile debet fe defendere unica manu ad unicam vocem rationabili die data in atria abbat'ts, & ft uni* cum teftem vel plures bahuerit, debet fe defendere fext a manu, &c. Charta facia inter W. de Bray, mil. & Abb. & Convent, de Ofeney fine dat. See Manus.

DEFENDEMUS, (Cycl.) a word ufed in feoffments and donati- ons, the defign of which is to bind the donor and his heirs to defend the donee, if any man go about to lay a fcrvitude on the thing given, other than is contained in the donation. BrafU lib. 2. c. 16. num.10. See Warranty, Cycl.

DEFICIENT (Cycl.) —Deficient Interval, in mufic, is ufed for an interval lefs than the true by a comma. See Inter- val, Cycl. and Suppl.

DEFLAGRATION (Cycl.) —This fhort procefs has been often recommended to the world as of great ufe in trying the ftrength of brandies, and other vinous fpirits, and has been greatly im- proved in this refpeel by Mr. Geoffrey.

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