Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/58

 A E R

IRU

/ERARIUM (Cycl.) differs from fifcus, as the firft contained the public money, the fecond that of the prince. Yet the two are fometimes ufed promifcuoufly for each other. Calv. Lex. jur. p. 50. Jour, des Scav. T. 34. p. 67. Mrarivm fanclius was an appendage to the former, added on occafion of the growth of the Roman ftate, when there was not room enough for lodging all the public monies, and the public a£ts, which were depofitcd with it. Calv. loc. cit. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 45-

It was called fim&ius, becaufe placed in an inner and fafer part of the temple ; or becaufe in it was lodged the aurum v'tcefimarium, or twentieth, which was kept as a fund, or referve, for extreme neceffity of the ftate. On which account it was alfo called ararium vicefi- marium. £rarium Ilitbia, or of Juno Lucina, was erected by Ser- vius Tullius, fixth king of the Romans, and compofed of money paid in by parents, for the birth of each child. Dion. Halicarn. 1. 4. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 45. jEraRium privatum, or the privy-purfe, contained the money and effects which the prince was mafter of before his acceflion to the empire *. This was under the care of the comes re- rum prwatarum b. — We meet alfo with Mrarium juventutis, veneris, libitina, and other letter treafuries, Mrar'ia mi- nora^ in the provinces. [ a Gather, de Offic. Dom. Aug. 1 3. c. 18. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 45. b Calv. Lex. Jur. P- 50.] ^RARIUS, in antiquity, an officer inftituted by Alexan- der Severus, for the diftribution of the money given in lar- gefles to the ibldiery, or people. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 45. &RARIUS was alfo ufed for a perfon whofe name was ftiuck out by the cenfors from the album, or lift of his century, and was only confidered as a citizen fo far as to make him fubject to pay taxes, ara, without being entitled to any privileges, or advantages from the common-wealth. Liv. dec. 3. 1. 9,

Hence the phrafes, ararium facere, inter ararios referre, arariis eximere, &c — Not only Plebeians, to whom fome have reftrained it, but alfo knights and fenators were fubjecl to this kind of degradation. V. Kenn. Rom. Ant. P. 2. 1. 3. c. 7. p. 113.

The Mrarii were incapable of making a will, of inheriting, of voting in aflemblies, of enjoying any poft of honour or profit, in effect were only fubject to the burdens, without the benefits of fociety; yet they retained their freedom, and were not reduced to the condition of fiaves. To be made an Mrarius was a punifhment inflicted for fome offence, and reputed one degree more fevere than to be ex- pelled a tribe, tribu moveri. j^Erarius is alfo ufed for a perfon employed in coining a, or otherwife working brafs b .— [ a Hojl. Hift. Rei Nummar. T. 1. 1. 1. p. 15. » Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 46. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 50.]

Thefe are fometimes called Mrarii frforcs : at other times Mrarius is diftinguifhed from fufor j the former anfwering to what we now call copper- fmiths, the latter to founders. JErarius is alfo applied to a foldierwho receives pay. Hoji. Hift. Rei Nummar. T. 1. 1. 1. p. 15. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 50. See Soldier, Cycl. ./ERATA Aqua. See the article Ziment-Water. iERICA, or Erica, in natural hiftory, a name given by Gaza

and others to the common herring. AEROGRAPHY, a defcription of the air, or atmofphere, its limits, dimenfions, properties, &c. V.Mem. deTrev. 1725. p. 1993- Cajiel. Mathem. Univ. p. 185. This amounts to much the fame with aerology, unlefs we fup- pofe the latter to enter into the rational, and the former to confine itfelf to a defcription of the more obvious affections thereof, AEROLOGY, the doctrine or fcience of the air, and its phae-

nomena. V. Jour, des Scav. T. 24. p. 97. A E ROL o g Y, called alfo the Aerologica, makes a part of the regimen of health, or the branch of medicine called by fome diafojiica, or the non naturals. Linden. Manuduct. ad Medicin. p. 91. feq. AEROMANCY (Cycl.) included the bufinefs of augury, and aufpicia \ the rules of prediction from uncommon winds, ftorms, fhowers, and other prodigies. V. Pott. Antiq. Graze. 1. 2. c. 18. p. 351.

Modern authors fpeak of a more rational Aeromamy, meaning by it, the art of foretelling the changes and variations in the air, and weather, winds, ftorms, and the like. Morhof advances confiderations for reducing Aeromancy to a certainty, by means of a regular feries of meteorological ob- fervations. But tho* many fuch have been inftituted with great care in many parts, this art has hitherto made a very finall progrefs.

Barometers, thermometers, hygrometers, and anemome- tersj are of confiderable ufe in this kind of Aero- mancy. Morhorf. Polyhift. Philof. 1. 2. P. 2. C. 18. * 7. feq. Mizoldus has publifhed a body of rules for foretelling ftorms, &c. drawn partly from vulgar obfervation, and the experi-

ence of mariners, partly from aftrological confiderations ; under the title of AcromantVa, Francof. 1613. 12 . Morbof. ubi fupra. AERONAUTTCA, the pretended art of failing in a veffel thro*

the air, or atmofphere, fuftained as a fhip in the fea. AEROPHYLACEA, in natural hiftory, denotes fubterraneous receptacles of air or wind. The word is of Greek origin, com- pounded of Me, air, and pi**** cuftodia, keeping. — In which fenfe Aerophylacea ftand contradifiinguifhed from Hydrofhyla- cea, Pyropbilacca, &c.

Kircher fpeaks much of Aerophylacea, or huge caverns replete with air, difpofed under ground, from whence thro* numerous occult paftages, that element is conveyed, ei- ther to fubterraneous receptacles of water, which are here- by raifed into fprings and rivers, or into the funds of fub- terraneous fire, which are hereby fed and kept alive for the reparation of metals, minerals, and the like. Kirch. Mund. Subterran. 1. 2. c. 19. §. 1. and 4. p. ill. and 1 14. feq. AEROSIS, Ai^er^, among the antient phyficians, denotes the act whereby the bhod is attenuated and converted into an aura, for the fupport of the vital fpirits, and the maintenance of the flame of life. Cajiel. Lex. Med. p. 21. AEROSTATICA, is ufed by fome authors for the fcience

called by others ae'rometry. See Aerometry, Cycl. Aerostatic a is properly the doctrine of the weight, preflure, and ballance of the air and atmofphere. Leufold. Theat. Static. P. 3. Act. Erud. Lipf. 1726- p. 383. iERUGO, (Cycl.) — The Mrugo of copper is the fame with what is otherwife called viride aris.

Grew will have the turcois ftone to be only a kind of pe- trified Mrugo. V. Act. Erud. Lipf. 1682. p. 33. Naturalifts (peak of two kinds of JErugo, one native, and the other factitious. Native £rugo is only the fuperficial particles of the metal diflblved, and intimately mixed with acid falts ; in which form it is ordinarily found in copper mines, and other moift places. V. Mercat, Metalloth. arm. 4. c. 10. p. 72. Lancif. Not. ad loc.

The JErugo of antient medals adds greatly to their value. It is fometimes found of a blue, fometimes of a crim- fon, and fometimes of a violet colour. It is faid to be inimitable by art ; for as to that produced by fal ammo- niac and vinegar, it comes far behind it in beauty. The genuine kind infinuates itfelf into the fineft ftrokes of the letters, c5V. without effacing them, better than any enamel ; it is only obferved on brafs coins ; for as to thofe of filver, the Mrugo deftroys them, and therefore is to be carefully fcoured off with vinegar, or lemon juice. Joubert. Scienc. des Medail. Sec. 8. Act. Erud. Lipf. 1694. p. 226.

Artificial Mrugo is what we more frequently call verdigreafe. Ephem. Germ. dec. 3, an. 7. app. p. 164. Cajiel. Lex. Med. p. 21. See Verdigrease, Cycl. j^rugo Sails, in natural hiftory, a name given by Pliny, and feveral other antient authors, to a redifti flimy matter, feparated from the Egyptian fait, called natrum, in the purifying it. We find this matter remain in the filter, on diffolving and filtring the Egyptian nitre, at this time; St feems to be a mixture of a bituminus matter and a red earth, which had mixed themfelves among the cakes of the fait, during the time of their concreting from the water. iERUSCATORES, in antiquity, a kind of iharping {trailers, who got their living by tricks, telling fortunes and the like, much like modern gypfies. A. Gell. 1. 14. c. 1. Pitifc Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 46. feq.

The word is formed from arufcari to beg, mump, &c. The Galli, or priefts of Cybele were called arufcatores magna matr'n, and ^r^xyu^cn, on account of their beg- ging, or collecting alms in the ftreets. To which end they had little bells whereby to draw peoples attention to them, much like fome orders of mendicants abroad. Hofm. Lex. Univ. T. 1. p. 93. Voff. de Idol. 1, 2. c. 55, and 56. Mag.dt Tintinab. c. 7. ^Eruscatores is alfo ufed for griping exactors or col- lectors of the revenue, who abufe their office to the op- preffion of the people. Salmutb. ad Pancirol. P. 1. Tit. 50.

P- 237-. .

JES (Cycl.) — JE$ grave, has been vanoufly defined by critics, but is yet unafcertained. Buddeus and Scaliger, followed by the generality, explain the term by copper in the mafs or lump, that is, uncoined ; and taken in payments by the weight only. In which fenfe, it amounts to the fame with Ms rude, and ftands oppofed to Ms fignatum. In this form it was that all fpecies were paid in the early days of Rome. Vid. Budd. de Afle, I. 1. p. 178. and 1. 2. p. 622. Hojl. Hift. Rei Nummar. 1. 2. p. 73. Walker on Coins, P. 1. c. 1. p. 3.

Others by Ms grave underftand large pieces of copper coined,

containing for inftance, an As, or pound of that metal ; fuch as

we find current in Sweden a. Thefe they aflert bore the

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