Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/579

 CYM

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Among the fpecies of this family of fhclls, there are found CYMINALIS, in botany, a name ufed by fome two very remarkable diftm£hons ; the one is in the fpecies gentian, the plant whofe root is the Le bii juft mentioned, which has a rib near the head ; the other

a ri is in the olive cylindrus, the two extremities of which nearly equal, but the middle very confideraby fwelled. Some authors, who have not been fufficiently diftinct on thefe fubje£ts, have called the fpecies of this genus valuta cyUndroide ; but it appears very plainly that they deferve a generical name to themfelves, and there is great advantage in the feparating two genera, each of which contains fo large a number of fpecies. Rondelctius and Aldrovand, not being able to refer thefe olive-fhaped cylindri to any genus> have placed them by themfelves.

The family of the cylindri being very numerous, may be apt- ly divided into feveral fubordinate fpecies. i. The cy'indrus with the clavicle united to the body. 2. The rJindrus with the clavicle feparated from the body. 3. The cylindrus with a coronated clavicle. 4. The cylindrus with a rugofe colu. mella.

Of the firft kind, or fuch as have the clavicle united to the body, we have the following fpecies. 1. The cloth of gold cylindrus. 2. The cloth of fdver cylindrus, 3. The yellow cloth cylindrus. 4. The fafciated, cloth of. gold, cylindrus. 5. The nigella cylindrus. 6. The tulip cylindrus. 7. The pancake, or amlet cylindrus. 8. The reticulated cylindrus. 9. The plumofe cylindrus, rcprefenting birds feathers. 10. The cylindrus variegated with blue fpots. 1 1; The granulated cy- lindrus, with various lines, and fpots, 12. The granulated, yellow cylindrus.

Of -the fecond kind, or thofe which have the clavicle fepa- rated from the body of the fhell, there are the following fpecies. 1. The decorticated cylindrus. 2. The brown, fpotted, decorticated cylindrus. 3. The clouded cylindrus. 4. The cylindrus with a coronated clavicle. 5. The filk, broad cylindrus. 6. The filver, broad cylindrus. 7. The taffet; lindrus. 8. The mohair cylindrus. 9. The cylindrus of a bright, white-like, poliihcd filver.

Of the cylindri with a rugofe columella, we have the fol- lowing fpecies : 1. The oka viridis, or green olive cylindrus. 2, The agate olive cylindrus, variegated at the bottom. 3. The cylindric, porphyry cylindrus. 4. The black, olive cy- lindrus. 5. The yellow, olive cylindrus. 6. The cylindrus called by the French the Jolitaire. 7. The olive cylindrus, fafciated, and variegated in the lower part. 8. The cylin- drus with marks refembling letters, or characters. 9. The 'violet-coloured, or amethyftine, Panama cylindrus. And, 10. The white, olive cylindrus, delineated over with yellow lines Hift. Nat. Eclair, p. 284, feq. CYLISTICI, K^tj-JX'-i, in antiquity, a designation given to the pawratiajltz ; becaufe when the weaker found himfelf fore prefTed by his adverfary, he fell down, and fought, rolling on the ground. Pstt. Archsol. Grsc. 1. 2. c. z 1. T. 1. p. 444. The word is Greek, formed from xvXw, to roll, or tumble. CYl LOSIS., the fame with cylhm. See Cyllum. CYLLUM, in medical writers, is ufed to fignify a leg put out of

joint outwardly ; alfo one that is lame and crooked. CYMATITES, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome wri- ters to a fpecies of ajlroitcs, the lineations of which are indent- ed, and reprefent waves. See Astroites, CYMATIUSySVtfjr. See Storax.

CYMBARIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the cha- racters of which are thefe : The perianthium is erect, and di vided into feveral fegments ; two of them, which ftand oppo- fite to one another, are larger and broader than the reft ; the other ten are very narrow: this cup does not fall with the flower. The flower is monopetalous, and its tube is. oblong and inflated j the mouth is open; the upper lip is reflex, oh" tufe, and divided into two fegments ; the lower one is obtufe alfo,and is divided into three. The ftamina are four filaments, of the length of the tube ; the antherae are bifid, and promi- nent ; the gcrmen of the piftil is oval ; the ftyle is capillary, and of the length of the {lamina, and the top of it is bent i, the ftigma is obtufe. The fruit is an oval capfule, compoled of two valves, and having only one cell ; this is fquare, and contains a number of fmooth angular feeds. Linncci G> Plant, p. 282. CYMBIUM, in natural hiftory, a name given by many authors to a kind of fea fhell, commonly called the govubla JJieil. It is of the genus of the concha ghboj'a, or dolium, and there are fe- veral fpecies of it. See Gondola. CYMENE. in botany, a name given by the antient Greeks to a plant with which they ufed to dye woollen things yellow, and with which the women of thofe times ufed aifo to tinge the hair yellow, that being the favourite colour in thofe ages. The cymene of the Greeks is evidently the fame plant with the It/turn or lutea herba of the Latins ; and this is defcribed to have leaves like the Ymum, or flax, and flowers like the genijla^ or broom. It is plain from this, that the lutum of the Romans was the plant we call gcnijlella iinSioria, or dyer's weed, with which we ftill ufe to dye yellow, and which anfwers to all the characters of the Roman defcription. As evident, however, as this is to the judicious botanift, it has not prevented errors, Macer, Paulus iEgineta, and many others k Jiave fuppofed the cymene, ox lutum, the fame with woad, or ijhtis, a plant ufed | for dying blue, and not at all anfwering to the characters given! of the lutum.

authors for the .... bitter drug of that

CYMONIDES, in natural hiftory, a name giver, by ardent writers to a (lone which, they "fay, at certain times, became pregnant, and brought forth other ftones. 1 hey called it al- fo cymomta, em-.monitct, and enamxnis. It is generally fuppofod that they meant the eagle-ftone by this mine ; but their de- fcnpt.ons ot it agree much be.ter with the fparry incruftations on the tops of grottos They fuppofed this to pofiefs great virtues in promoting delivery.

CYNAPIUM, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the teller bmhci, or, as we call it in Englifh fio.'s pa-fley. R,,pp. rf. fen. 2?8. J Ir

CYNANCI-IE, andLYCNANCHE.in medical writers, an inflam- maiion of the inner mufcles of the larynx, accompanied with a difficulty of breathing, and a continual fever, 1b called be-

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LYNANIrtLMIS, in botany, a name given by fome au- thors to the cttiih fa-tida, or ftinking mayweed. Gcr. Emac. Ind. 2. See Cotula.

CYNANTHROPiA, a term ufed for madnefs given by a dog, wherein the patient flies light, or any thing that is bright, an°d fears water, and trembles at the fight and remembrance of it. It proceeds ufually from a poifonous bite, or the like, of fome mad creature, as a dog, a wjlf, &c. Blancard.

CYNARA, in botany.

name generally efteemed fynonymous with the word cinara, but erroneouily ; the cinara being pro- perly the artichoak, and the cynara the chardoon, or fome other tluftle nearly allied to the artichoak kind, of which the antient Greeks eat the young and blanched ftalks, as we do the chardoons. Galen has gone a great way, indeed, towards the confounding the two plants together, by accufing the people of his time tor corruptly writing the woid cinara\ when it was originally written cynara; but antiquity refufes to join in this. Sopaterpaphius who lived in the time of Alexander the'Great we find writes cinara, as Athenaius affirms ; and Ptolemy Eu- ergetes, who was a fcholat of Ariftarchus, calls it by the fame name cinara, not cynara. Many of the fame authors, who con- ftantly write the name of the artichoak cir.ara, alfo write the name, cynara, as belonging to another plant; and they feem to have different etymologies, the word cinara being derived from an iflaud of the fame name, where the Greeds found the wild plants of the artichoak grow very plentifully, and the char- (loon of the Greeks being called cynara, as if dog's thiftle. CYNEBOTE, the fame with cenegild. See Ckneciid. CYNOCEPHALUS, in zoology, the name of one of the Gene- ra of monkeys which have a long nofe, and referable a do» a- bout the head. Thefe have all tails, fome longer, fome fhoreer, and are what we call in Englifh baboons. There are feveral fpecies of thefe, fome of which are very large. CY NODES orexis, and Cynorexis, a canine appetite. Blan*

card. See Canine appetite, and Bulimy, Cycl. CYNOGLOSSUM, in botany. See Hounds-tongue. Cynoglossi radix, haunis-iongne ro.t, in the materia medics, is emollient,anodyne, and narcotic; it is alfo gently aftrineent, and is efteemed a good medicine in catarrhs, diarrhceas,dyfente- ries, and hemorrhages of all kinds ; alfo in the fluor albus, and gonorrhoea. CYNOGLOSSUS, in zoology, the name of a fifh common in the Mediterranean fea, and brought to market at Rome, Ve- nice, and elfewhere. It much refembles the foal-fifh, but is not of half that bignefs, and confiderably fhorter in proportion to its breadth. It is alfo of a whiter hue ; the fcales are larger ; and the anus is fituated, not in the fide of the body, but in its under part. Its mouth is very large; its teeth fharp; and its eyes placed very near each other. It is a much worfe fifh for the table than the foal. Gefner, p. 788. CYNOEUCOS, in natural hiftory, a name .given by the an- tient writers to a creature which had the fhape partly of a do", and partly of a wolf, and was generated, according to their accounts, by a mixture of thofe two fpecies of animals in co- pulation, as the Ieocrocotta was, between the hysena and Ii- onefs. See LEocaoTTA. CYNOMORIUM, a name given by Micheli, and continued by Linnaeus, to a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : it produces feparate male and female flowers, but they ftand ahnoft dole to one another, in the fame 3mentum or ear. In the male flowers the general cup is an erect amentum, im- bricated on every fide, and compoled of oblong, erefl, trunca- ted fquammre, each containing one flower, and formed nar- row at the bottom, and gibbous on one fide, and hollow on the o. her; there are no petals, and in the midft there arifes, by way of a ftainen, one firm and Itrait filament, longer than the cup, and crowned with a double apex. In the female flowers the common amentum is the fame as in the male but they have no other cup than is formed by the leaves of the plant. The germen of the piftil is globofe ; the ftyle is fmgle, erefl, firm, and of the length of the cup ; the ftigma is obtule ; the feed is fjngle and naked. Linnai Gen. Plant, p. 444. Mi', cijeiiNov. Gen. 12. CYNOMUIA.jhe dog-fly, in zoology. See Doc-/?y. CY"NOPHON 1 IS, Kmfo&s, in antiquity, a feftival obferved in the dog-days at Argos, and fo called ait. ™ s *„,„; <p™„, i. e . from killing dogs ; becaufe it was ufua! on this day to kill all

the dogs they met with. Pott. 1. 2. c. 2C\

CYNOR-