Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/565

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In SwiflerlancI, there are fome cray-fjh which are red, while they are ahve, and others blueifb. Some kinds of them alfo will never become red, even by boiling, but continue blaekifh.

GRAYER, a kind of fmall fea veffel or (hip. It is mentioned in the Stat. 14 Car. II. c. 27. and in old records, Et tranjitus craerarum Iff batellorumcum viEtualihus & aliis necsjfariisj &c. Pari. c.Ric.II. Par. 2. M. 13.

CREENGLES, in a fhip, are fmall ropes fpliced into the bolt-

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ropes of the fails of the main-mail and fore-mall, into which the bowling bridles are made faff; and are alfo to hold by when a bonnet is fhaken off. ' Manwayring. Harris, in his lexicon technicum, has the fame description un- der Crenyles,and the gentleman's dictionary under CrencUs. CREMATION is fometimes ufed for burning, particularly when applied to the antient cuftom of burning the dead. This cuftom is well known to have prevailed among moft eaftern nations, and continued with their defendants after they had peopled the different parts of Europe. Hence we find it prevailing in Greece, Italy, Gaul, Britain, Germany, Sweden, Norway and Denmark, till chrifKanity abolifhed it. Phil. Tranf.N°4s8. Soft. 3.

In Pruflia we are told, that the deceafeil's beft cloaths, arms, borfes, hunting dogs, and whatever was moft agreeable to him in his life time, were thrown on the funeral pile. It was like wife cuflomary to throw in his brafs rings, and brace- lets, efpccially if he had been a christian. From whence it ferns, that the chriftian religion did not immediately abo- lifh the cufiom of cremation. See Hartknoch dill". 1 3. de fune- rib. veter. PrufK p. 193. Phil. Tranf. N° 4^7. Seel. 3. where we have an account and draught of fome of thefe fu- neral remains of the antient Pruftians.

CRENOPHYLAX, * pw >pt* a f. The Crempbyfaces at Athens were magiftrates who had the infpection and management of fountains under their care. Pott, 1. 1. c. ic T. 1. p. 84..

CRENATED leaf, among botanifts. See Leaf.

CREPID/E, among the Romans, a kind of flippers or fhoes, which were always worn with the pallium, as the calcci were with the toga. See Hofm. Lex. in voc.

CREPIS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the cha- racters of which are thefe. The common cup is double, the exterior is very fhort, wide, open, and deciduous; the in- terior is of an oval figure, and is fimple, fulcated, and per-

ly fo well rafted in fallads as thofe of the Angle kind, whi£B are very warm, and agreeable. Miller, Gard. Didf.

CR'ETA, Chalk, in natural hiftory. See Chalk, Cyd. and Sufpl.

CRETIO, in antiquity, a certain number of days allowed the heir to confidef, whether he would acl as heir to the decea- fed, or not ; after which time, if he did not acl, he was ex- cluded from the eftate. Pitlfi. Lex. Ant. . I CREX, in zoology, the name of a bird, common about the

Nile, and remarkable for the rioife which it makes, which is no other than crex, crex, whence it has its name. It beak \$ moderately long and black, as are alfo its head and its legs; its neck, back and bread, are white, but the back a little greyifhj the wings are black, variegated with white. It feeds on infecls, and generally makes a very loud noife all the time it is on the wing. Beilonius de avibus. CRIB, in the Englifh fait works, the name given to a fort of cafe ufed in fome places inftead of the Arab, to put the fait into as it is taken out of the boiling pan. Thefe cribs are like hay-racks, wide at the top, and tapering to a narrow bottom, with wooden ribs on each fide, placed fo clofe, that the fait cannot eafily fall through them. Through thefe apertures, however, the fuperfluous faline liquor drains out, and leaves the fait, after a few days, dry enough to he added to the heaps that Hand ready for Vale. At Limingtoh, and in fome other places, they ufc, inftead of thefe cribs, a fort of wooden troughs with holes in the bottom, through which the faline liquor drains from the fait, and falls into veflels placed underneath to receive it; and in other places they ufe barrows or wicker bafkets, out of which the liquor runs with great eafe on all fides at once. See Drabs. CRIBRUM hencd'uium antiquorum. The antients fancied two cavities placed lengthwife in the reins : the upper cavity into which the ferous blood was poured from the emutgent arte- ries: the lower, which they thought was diftinguifhed with a certain tranfverfe membrane, full of little holes like a fievtf. Hence they called it colatoriu?n, a ftrainer ; and benedittum cribruin, a bleffed fieve, through which they would have the ferum percolated into the ureters, and the good blood ftay behind, for the nourifhment of the reins. Blan.ard. CRIC, in mechanics. See Jack.

CRK-ELASIA, x.fix.rM.aw, am;>ng the Greeks, the exercife of rolling the circle or trochus. See Troghus. manent. The fquammae are very narrow, and meet at the CRICKET, in zoology. See Gryllus. points. The flower is of the compound kind, and is imbri- Mole, Cricket. See Gryllotalpa.

It is of an uniform ftruclurc, being compofed of fe- CRICETUS, in zoology, the name of an animal of the moufe

cated.

veral hermaphrodite little flowers all of equal fize ; each of. thefe is compofed only of one leaf, and is ligulated, trunca- j ted and narrow, and divided at the extremity into five feg- i merits. The {lamina are five very fhort and capillary fila- I merits. The anthers are of a cylindric figure, and tubular. The germeu of the pifiil ftands below the flower; the ftyle is capillary, and of the length of the ftamina; and the ftig- mata are two in number, and are reflex ; the cup ferves in the place of the fruit, and is of a round ifli figure; the feeds are fingle and oblong, and have each a long and plumous piece of down ; the receptacle is naked. This genus of plants is called by Vaillant, Hieraamides. Linnai Gen. PI. 376.

CRhPUNDlA, in antiquity, tokens left with expofed children, by which they might be afterwards known. Thefe were of confiderable value, if the child happened to be nobly born, in order to defray part of the expence of its education.

Crepundia was alfo ufed in a lefs proper fenfe, for the fwad- ling cloths in which children were expofed ; becaufe by them they might be known again. See Exposing of Children.

CRESCENTIA, in botany, the name given by Linnaus to a genus of plants, called by Plumicr, who firft defcribed them, atjete. The characters are thefe : the cup is a fhort deciduous one-leaved perianthium, divided into two erccl, concave, ob- tufe fegments. The flower is monopetalous and unequal. The tube is crooked and gibbous. The limb is erect, and divi- ded into five fegments, which are equal in fize, and piaccd in an expanded pofture. The ftamina arc four fubulated fila- ments, nearly of the length of the former; two of thefe, are fomewhat longer than the others, and they Hand in a fpread- Ing port-ure. Hie antherae are obtufe and incumbent. The germen of this pifiil is flatted and oval, the ftyle is long and {lender, and the ffigma is beaded. The fruit is a hard, oval berry, with one cell, and the feeds are numerous and cordated, and are bilocular. L'mnai Gen. PI. p. 297. Plunder, 16.

CRESSES, in botany. See Nasturtium.

Indian Cress. The feveral kinds of this plant are eafily pro- pagated, by fowing their feeds in March or April, in a good foil, and warm fituation, and fhould be planted near a hedge or wall, being great climbers, and their lying on the ground being fubjccl to rot them. They flower in June, and con- tinue flowering till October, when the frofts foon deftroy the whole plant

The double flowered kind produces no feeds, and muft there- fore be propagated by ptantin'g cuttings of it. This may be done in any of the fummer months; but the plants muft be carefully preferred in winter, being very fubjecl to rot. If tins be confined in pots, and thofe filled with a poor foil, it will ramble lefs in the blanches, and will produce more flowers 1 lie Sowers of this kind, though very beautiful, are not near' KuPM.. Vol.. I.

kind. Its fize is between that of a common rat and a rab- bit. See the article Mus.

Its legs are very fhort; its back is of the colour of a hare's j its fides have more rcdnefs; and its belly is black; each fide is variegated alfo with three large white fpots ; the head and neck are of the fame colour with the back, the temples are redifh, and the throat is white ; the tail is a hand's breadth long, and of the colour of the back. The hairs of this crea- ture are fo firmly rooted in the fkin, that they can by no means be pulled out, but fooner tear away the fkin with them; and for this reafon, as well as for the variety of co- lour, the (kins are much valued. It is a very bold and defpe- rate creature; and if a man a horfeback moleff it, will fly up at the nofe of the horfe, and hold him very faff. It lives m holes in the earth, as the rabbit, and heaps up large quanti- ties of vegetable fruits and corn for its ftore, and is ufually found very fat. It is very apt to fit on its buttocks, and in that pofture looks like a little bear, whence fome have called it ar&omys palefiinorum. It has two large teeth in the front of each jaw, and it ufes its fore feet byway of hands, like the fquirrel. Ray's Syn,Quad.p. 221.

CRI.VJNOIUES, or Crimoides, in medical writers is ufed for urine with thick fediments at the bottom, like bran. Blancard.

CRINONES (Cyd.) — The common way of getting out thefe worms is by the point of a needle; and to prevent their forming there again, the ufual cuftcm, is to warn the parts with wine or vinegar, with alum, nitre, or common fait, or with a ffrong lixivium of oak allies, and afterwards anointing them with an ointment of the common kind, ufed for fcorbutic eruptions, with a fmall mixture of quick- filver.

CRINONIA, a kind of cap, worn by the emperors of Conftan- tinople on folemn occafions. Heff. Lex. in voc.

CRISIS {Cyd.} — Dr. Albertinus obferves, that all feverifh, nay, almoft all difeafes are followed by crifes, and that particularly after intermitting fevers are flopped by the bark, critical eva- cuations are to be expected. If they do not come timely, the patient is in danger of fome other difeafe* efnecially if any ufual evacuation has been hindered; in which cafe it is dangerous to give the bark, unlefs we promote a fuitable ex- cretion, if a crtjis does not foon come. Med. Eff. Edinb. Dr. Martine defends the antients in the rules they have laid down concerning the periods and crijei of difeafes, endeavour- ins to prove that they are founded on accurate obfervations.

CRISP leaf crifpum folium, among botanifts See Leaf.

CRISTA (Cyd.) — Crista galli, in conchyliology. the n ame of a peculiar fpecies of oifttr, called alfo by fome awisfor e i or the hog's ear-iheil. See Ostre.i.

Crista pavonis, in botany, a name by which feme authors have 7 O called