Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/563

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and gives the hare a turn. iS; A cote fences for two turns, and two trippings or jcrkiijgs for a cote; and if the hare turns not quite about, fhe only wrenchcth, in the fportfman's phrafe, 17. If .there be no cotes given by either of the brace of greyhounds, but that one ferves the other at turn- ing, then lie that gives the molt turns wins the wager; and if the turns arc equal in number, then he that bears the hare wins the wager. 1.8. Sometimes a hare does not turn, but wrenches; lor (he dors not turn, except fhe turn as it were round. In thefe cafes two wrenches Hand for one turn. 19, He that comes in nrit to the death of the hare takes her up, and laves her from breaking, he chcriflies the dogs, and cleanfes their mouths from the wool; he is adjudged to have the hare for his pains. 20. Finally, thole who are judges of the leafij mull give their judgment before they depart out of the field, or elfe it is not to ftand as valid. Sportfman's Diet, in voc. COURT (Cycl.) — By the law of England, no court in this kingdom can claim any jurifdiclion, unlefs it be fome way or olher derived from the crown ; the king being the foun- tain of jultice, and the fupremc magiftrate of the kingdom, intriiucd with the whole executive power of the land. Hawk. Pi. Cr. r3. 2. c. 2.

Yet the king cannot give any addition of jurifdiction to an auticnt court; but all fiich courts muff be held in fuch man- ner, and proceed by fuch Rules, as their known ufage has limited and prel'cribed. Whence it follows, for inftance, that the court of King's-Bench cannot be authorized to determine a mere real action between fubje<5t and fubject; nor can the court of Common Pleas inquire of treafon or felony. The molt general divifion of courts of law in England, is,' in- to fuch as are of record, or not of record.

Courts of re- ord are again divided into fuch as zrefupreme, fu- perior, and inferior.

Every court, by having power given It to fine, and imprifon, is thereby made a court of record. 1. Salkeid, 2CO. Courts of record are created by acT: of parliament, letters pa- tent, or prefcription. Coke, Lift. 260. a. The,- fupreme court is the cn,rt of parliament. See Parlia- ment, del.

Su-perhr courts of record are diftingui Hied into more principal, and lefs principal. ' The more pinci pal courts are the Houfe of Lords, the Court of Chancery, the Kings-Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer; and alfo, according to Sir Matthew Hale, the jujlices itinerant ad communia placita, and ad plocita foreftee.

The iefs principal courts of record are fuch as are held, i°. By _ commiffions ot goal delivery, oy^rand terminer, ctjjize, nifi prius, tmd fome others. 2°. By cuftom, or charter ; as the courts of the counties palatine of Lancajhr, Chejler, Durham. 3°. By virtue of an act of parliament, and the king's commiffion ; as the court of fewer s, jujlices of the peace, &c. See Hale, Ana- lyfis, p. 36,

Inferior courts of record are corporation court s^ courts leet, and the jhcriff's torn.

Every court of record is the king's courij though the profits may be another's. If the judges of fuch courts err, a writ of error lies. The truth of its records mail be tried by the re- cords themfelves, and there can beno averment againft the truth of the mctter recorded. CokejLitt. 1 17. b. 8. Coke, 38; b. Courts not of record, are the courts baron, county courts, hundred courts, and others. Hale, Anal. ^6.

Thefe courts cannot impofe any fine on an offender, nor award a capias, nor hold plea of debt or trefpafs, if the debt or da- mages amount to 40 millings ; nor of a trefpafs done vi C7 annis, though the damage be (aid under 40 millings. And their proceedings may be denied and tried by a jury, and a writ orfalfe judgment, not of error, lies on their judgments. Coke Liit. 117. b. 260. a. 2 Lift. 311,312. The court of Chancery proceeding by jubpama, is not a court of record. 1. Rol. abr. 527,

On the fubjec~c of courts, fee New Abr. of the Law, Tit. Court* COUSINAGE. See Cosenage. COW, bosy in zoology. See the article Bos.

The ufe of the cow is either for the dairy, or for the breed. The red cow is generally fuppofed to give the heft milk, and the black cow to bring the bell calves. The cow that gives the milk langelt is the beft both for the breed and dairy ; °and, for the latter ufe, it is moll convenient that the cow Ihould calve in the fpring. Either in the month of March or April, when a cow is near cal ving, fhe mould be put into good eraf three or four weeks before the time ; or if it happen in winter fhe is to be fed well with hay. The day and night after fhe has calved, fhe mould be kept in the houfe, and the water that fhe drinks mould be a little warmed. The next day, at noon, flie may be turned out ; but fhe fhould be taken in at night, for three or four days afterwards, and then fhe may be left to hcrfelf. Every night that fhe is taken in, fhe mould be kept till the cold of the morning is over, and a drink of warm water given her before lhe goes out. COWSLIP, prhnula vera, in botany, Sec. See the article Pri- mula vcris. COXENDIX, in anatomy, the Dip.

underCox/v, Cycl. COXSWAIN, on board a fliip. See Cockswain, Cycl

any, hip. See its bones and mufclcs

C R A

COYOLCOZQUE, in zoology, the name of an American birii defcribed by Hernandez and'Nierembcrg, as a fpecies of quail, or partridge. Its back is of a mixl white and yellow colour, its breaft and belly wholly yellow ; and its head and neck are ornamented with fpots of black and white ; its eyes are black, and its legs yellow. It is very common in many parts of N cw Spani, amlis a very well tailed bird. May's Ornithol. p. 3141 CCJZC-ACOAUH 1 LI, in zoology, theMexican name of a large bird of the eagle kind, defcribed" by Nieremberg, and called rt- gina aw arum, the queen of the winds, from its being able to fly againft aiiy wind. CQJJILAQIJIL, ''" natural hillory, a name given by the people oi the Philippine iflands, to the fpecies of parrot common with them, and diftinguifhed from all the other kinds, bv being very large, and all over of a fine green. CRAB, in zoology. See the article SqyiLLA.

The cancer major, or common large rrai-fifh, has its abode from twenty to forty fathom water. Thefe animals herd together in diftinct tribes, and have their feparate haunts for feeding and breeding, and will not aflbciate with their neighbours. This has been carefully tried, by rilarking the {hell of a crab, and carrying it to two or three miles diftance, and there leaving it among the fame fpecies : this crab has, after this, found its way home, and been caught in its old abode by the fame fifhermen.

The fifhermen find the crabs of this fpecies from fhe fize of a chefnut to twelve pound weight. Nothing, in the hiftory of this creature is fo fingular as its breaking off its own limbs, which it occafionally does, in the following manner : the crea- ture is able to do this in any pofition, but" fhe moft advanta- geous way of making the experiment is to lay it on its back ; then, with a pair of iron pincers, break the fhell, and bruife the flefh of one of the outer Joints of a fmall leg ; the wound will bleed, and the creature fhew fi^ns of pain, by moving it about ; afterwards it holds it quite ftill, in a direct; and natural pofition, without touching any part of its body, or other legs with it ; then, on a fudden, with a gentle crack, the wounded part of the leg drops oft", at the internodium of the fecond joint, from the body. If a hole be pierced in the great claws, or legs, and an iron put in to lacerate the mufcle, the effect is the fame, and this large limb is thrown off in the fame manner, only with more violence.

When the leg is off, a mucus overfpreads the wound,and flops the bleeding ; and a fmall leg is, by degrees, produced, which afterwards attains to the fize of the former. Nature fcems to have given this fingular power to this creature for the prefer- vation of its life, in the mutual quarrels it very frequently has with others of its own fpecies : in thefe, one crab lays hold of the claws of another, and crufhes it in fuch a manner, that it would bleed to death had it not this power of giving up the limb, and healing the wound. Phil. Tranf. N° 478. S, 14. Crab, or Gin, in mechanics, an engine ufed for mount- ing guns on their carriages. It is made of three pieces of oak, afti, or other ftrong wood, of about 14 feet long, two of which are joined by tranfomes ; fo that they are wide afunder at bottom, and join at top, on a ftrong piece of wood, crook- ing forwards, called the head, in which are three brafs pullies. Over thefe comes a rope called the gin-rope, which likewife goes through other pullies in a block, and returns through the head, down the back of the gin, and then goes round a wind- lace. The third piece of the crab is round ; one end of it goes into the head, and the other (lands on the ground ; fo that all three make a triangle called the pye. When a gun is to be mounted, a ftrong rope is tied through the block and the trunnions ; and then, the windlace being turned round, the gun is lifted up, and placed in her carriage with cafe. Guillei. 'fhe crab is ufed alfo to launch fliips, or heave them into the dock, or off the key. Manwayring. Crab's claws, or Crab's eyes, chela: cancrarum, in the materia medica, the tips of the common crab broken oft* at the verge of the black part; fo much of the extremity of the claws on- ly being ufed in medicine, as is tinged with this colour. The blacknefs, however, is only fuperficial ; they are of a greyifh white within, and, when levigated, furnifh a tolerably white powder: this is of the number of the alkaline, abfor- bent powders, but fuperior to moft of them. It makes the ba- fts of the famous Gafc:ign powder, the lapis contrsyerva, and many other of the compound, fudorific powders, and is fome- times, though rarely, prefcribed fingly.

It is the common opinion, that thefe crab's eyes aft as mere ab- forbents in the prima; via:, and extend their efficacy no farther than thofe pafiages. The French memoirs, however, give us an account of their certainly palling into the blood, in this re- markable cafe. A woman who complained of acid humors in her ftomach, was prefcribed a draught with fome crab's eyes in it, when, to the great furprize of the pbyfician, her head, face and breaft were the next day found vaftly fwclled and inflamed! He fufpeflcd there might have been fome mifchievous mixture with the medicine, or that the crab's ejes mighthave been pow- dered in a brafs mortar, and taken fome tincture of the metal • but on repeating the dofe,with other crab's eyes, the fame fym- ptoms were produced; and perhaps would never have been un- derftood, had not the patient heard the word crab's eyes men- tioned, and told them that the fame accident always happened to her on eating crabs, or cray-fifh ; and that even a foil of hers