Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/556

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Cordvlus, in ichthyology. SccCordyla.

CORKGONUS, in ichthyology, the name of a genus oF fifties of the malacoptcrygious, or (bft-finned kind, the characters of which are thefe : the branch ioftege membrane on each fide contains feven, eight, nine or ten bones. The pinna dorfi is placed nearer theTnout than the ventral fins are. The teeth are fo final!, that in fevcral of the fpecies they are fedrce dlf- cernable. ,

The fpecies of this genus, enumerated by Artedi, are thefe : I. The toothlefs eoregotius, with the lowet jaw longer than the upper. This is the fifh called by the Swedes thejfk-loyai Or ftiht. Its length is from four to feven inches. The vertebrae arc very fmall, and in number thirty eight. 2. The coregonus, with the upper jaw longer than the under; and flatted, and with fourteen bones In the back-fin. This is the fifh called the albula uobi is by authors. Its length is ten or twelve inches. 3. "thceirigcnus, with the upper jaw longeft, and with twenty three bones in the back-fin. This is the thymallus of authors ; the fifh we call the grayling. 4. The ccregonus, with the up- pef jaw longeft, and of a conic figure. This is the oxyrynchus of authors, or the hantin or antin. It has no vifible teeth ; but the tongue is rough. The pinna ani has fourteen bones. Artedi, Gen. Pifc. 7.

The name c.regonus is of Greek origin, and is formed of the words xfyn, the pupil of the eye, and yana 9 an angle or corner ; and is given it from the fmgular ftructure of this part of the eye, the pupil in this fifh running out into an acute angular corner in the anterior part, and this regularly in all the fpecies.

COREHORUS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the rofaceous kind, confuting of fevcral leaves, djfpofed in a circular form. The piftil arifes from the cup, and finally ripens "into a cylin- dric quinquecapfular fruit, which opens in five places, when ripe, and is full of angular-fhaped feeds. To thefe marks it is to be added, that the leaves ftand alternately on the {talks. The fpecies of arehorus enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The common ./Egyptian corehorus, or melochia. 1. The American tfrehorus, with hornbeam leaves, and longer fruit: and, 3. The American corehorus, with narrower leaves, and flendcrer fruit. Thefe plants are called by fame alceas. Town. Inft. p. 259.

COREIA, Koji!«; in antiquity, a feftival in honour of Profer- pin6, named Core, Kogr, which in the Moloflian dialect figni- fies a beautiful woman. Pott. Archa:ol. T. 1. p. 409.

COREOPSIS, in botany, the name given by Linnaeus to a ge- nus of plants, called by Dillenius, in the Hortus elthamenfis, a fpecies of bidens. The characters are thefe: the common cup is double, the exterior confuting ufually of eight rude leaves, difpofed in a fort of circle, and the inner of as many large, broad, and elegant leaves, regularly difpofed and colour- ed. The flower is compound, and radiated. The herma- phrodite flofcules are very numerous, and are placed in the difc. The female flowers are eighteen in number, and are placed in the radius. The hermaphrodite flofcules are tubu- lofe, and divided into five fegments at the end. 7"he female are larger, and are divided only into four. The hermaphro- dite flowers have five very fhort capillary filaments : the an- therae arc cylindric and tubular : the germen of the piftil is comprefled, and divided into two horns, in the hermaphrodite flower : the ftile is capillary, and of the length of the ftamina; and the ftigma is bifid, acute and (lender. In the female flow- ers, the germen is the fame as in the hermaphrodite; but there is no ftile or ftigma. There is no other fruit than the cup. In the hermaphrodite flowers, tbe feeds are fingle and ©rbiculated, convex on one fide, and concave on the other, with atranfvcrfe protuberance, running from the apex to the bafe, and furrounded with a membranaceous rim, terminated in two points. Linnai Gen. Plant, p. 416. Dillen. Hort. Elth. p. 48.

CORETT, in zoology, the name of a large Eaft -Indian fifh, of the tunny kind, and fufpectedtobe no other than the common tunny. It grows to fix or feven feet long. Its eyes are large, and their irifeS yellow : its tail is broad and forked, and in colour of a yellowifh green : its belly fins are yellowifh, and its belly of a fine bright glolTy blue, with a filvery caft. It is generally caught with hooks, and is a very fine tailed fifh. Ray's Ichthyogr. Append, p. 5. See Thy nn us.

CORIANDER, [Cycl.) Coriandrum, in botany, the name of a genus of umbelliferous plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the rofaceous kind, confuting of feve- ral heart-fafhioned leaves, fometimes regular, fometimes irre- gular in fizc, difpofed in a circular order round a cup, which afterwards becomes a iruir, compofed of two feeds of a fphe- rical, or he mifph erica) fhape.

The fpecies of coriander enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The common or larger coriander. 2. The fmallcr coriander, with tefticulate feeds. Tourn. Inft. p. 316. This plant, while green, has a naufeous difagrceable fmell, like bugs ; but the feed, when dry, fmells gratefully. It is reckon- ed ftrcngthening to the ftomach, and carminative, and there-', fore frequently ufed with purging medicines \ Coriander feeds have alio a great acrimony, when frefh gathered, which they lofe with time b. — [ * Sidney, Pharm. Edit. 1736. p. 83.
 * BoylSi Works, Abrid. Vol. 1. p. 141, 142.J

CORlCEUMjKtfgwus:, in antiquity, the undreffing-room belong- ing to the Gymnafium. Pott. Arclrsol. Grasc. 1. 1. c. 8.p, -*y

CORINDUM, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the polypetalous anomalous kind, being compofed of four leaves, difpofed in form of a crofs, and of four fmaller, of a crooked fhape placed between them. The cup is compofed of four leaves' and from it there arifes a piftil, which finally becomes a fruit of an inflated, bladder-iike appearance, and divided into three cells, which contain feeds Of a round ifh fhape, marked with a heart-fafhioned fpot.

The fpecies of corindutn enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : i. The large-lcav'd corindum y with large fruit, called by fome authors the black bladder pea. 2. The large leav'd co- nWw», with extremely large fruit: and, 3. T\\z corhidum with fmaller leaves, and fmaller fruit. Town, Infl. p. 431,

CORION, in botany, a name given by fome authors to- the plant which produced the coriander feeds ufed in the fhops. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

CORIS, in botany, the nairie of a genus of plants, the cha- racters of which are thefe : the flower confifts only of one leaf, and is of the perfonatcd kind, tubulated behind, and ex- panded in the manner of a fan before. The piftil arifes from the cup, and is fixed in the manner of a nail to tl-e hinder part of the flower: this finally becomes a fruit, nearly of a globofe figure, which, when ripe, fplits into fevcral parts, and contains a number of roundifh feeds, being itfelf hid in the cup of the flower.

The fpecies of coris enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe 1 1. The blue-flowered fea coris. 2. The red-flowered fea coris r and, 3. The white-flowered fea con's. The two Iaft are pro- perly only varieties of the firft. Tourn. Inft. p. 652.

Coris isalfo ufed in the Eaft-Indies for a kind of fhells which pafs for money. See .Bia.

COR1SPERMUM, in the Linnsan fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, called before fe/laria. The characters of this genus are, that the flower has no calyx, and confifts of two petala, which are comprefled, bent and pointed, equal in fize, and placed oppofite to one another. The ftamen is An- gle, long, and crooked, and terminated by a fimple antbera. The piftillum is compofed of a roundifh, comprefled germen* and two bent capillary ftiles, with pointed ftigmata. The fruit is a roundifh, but comprefled capfule, with a furrowed rim, and divided into two cells, each containing a fingle feed. Theeflential difiinction of this plant confifts in tbe flower ; for the fructification has fome varieties. Znnbndfen.Plant.ai.

CORIZIOLA, in die materia medica, is a name given by fome authors, particularly by Rhafis, to the fcammony. Ger. Emac. ind. 2.

CORK, or Corking of a/addle, are pieces of wood upon which the bolitcrs are made fait. See Bolsters. This part of the (addle was formerly made of cork* whence it ftili retains the name.

Tubulated Corks. See Tubulated arks.

CORMORANT, in zoology, a large fea bird, called by au- thors co'rvus a quotient, or the fea raven. Our fhatfg is a true fpecies of this bird. See Shauc and CoRvtrs aq\ uaticus.

CORN {Cycl.) — Guinea Corn. See Guinea corn.

Indian Corn. See Maize.

Prefervation of Corn. See Preservation of corn.

Transportation of Corn. See Transportation.

CORNEA tunica of the eye {Cycl.) — It is fometimes neceflary to make incifions thro' this tunic, in order to difcharge not only matter, but even blood, when extravafated by external injuries, if it will not give way to the common methods of difperfion, to prevent the ftagnant bloodfrom fuppurating and deiiroying the eye. There have been inftances, when this has been dune with great fuccefs, and without any deforming ci- catrix, the fight having been alfo perfectly reftcred by it. °See Heifer's Surgery, p. 427.

CONET, in conchyliology, a name given by fome French writers to a genus of ihells, called by others cuculli, and by the generality of writers volutes. See Volutje.

CORNICABkA, in botany, a name by which the Spaniard*. call the turpentine tree. The name is founded on the fingular production of this tree, in form of a horn or pod. This is not the fruit of the turpentine tree, as has been fuppofed by fome ; but is a mere excrefcence, of the nature of the galls 011 the leaves and ftalks of other trees and plants, and is inhabited by a number of fmall infect of thepuceronkind. Garcias ab Orto.

CORNICULARIUS, among the Romans, an officer wh« publifhed the orders of the tribunes with the found of an horn. Hofm. Lex. in voc.

CORNISH diamond, a name given by many people to the cry- ftals found in digging the mines of tin in Cornwall. Thefe cryitals are of the nature of the Kerry-ftone of Ireland, but fomewhat inferior to it : they are ufually bright and clear, ex- cept toward the root, where they are coarfe and foul, or wlutiih. They arc ufually found in the corrynon form of an hexangqlar column, terminated at each end by an hexangular pyramid. See Crystal,

Cornish ring, or oflragal of a gw:,. is the fmall ring near the muzzle.

Cornish chough, in zoology! See Coracias.

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