Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/551

 COP

The fpecies of corfodvulus are thefe: i.The common great white bindweed. 2. The great purple-flowered kind. 3 . The great bindweed, with variegated flowers. 4. The great fea kind, with aiiriculated leaves. 5. The purple-flowered, ar- row-headed leav'd kind. 6. The put-pie- flowered round-leav'd one. 7. The Indian white-flowered one. 8, The Indian, variegated, flowered kind, with white feeds. 9. The violet- Ieav'd purple one. 10. The yellow many-flowered one. ' 1. The round leav'd, white, many-flowered one. 12. The hairy yellow flowered one, with a purple bale. 1 3. The large fea kind, with cordated leaves, and a large purple flower. 14. The large American kind, with very large leaves, and a great white flower. 15. The purging fea kind, with a leaf like forrcl, and a fnow- white flower. 16. The purging fea kind, with a roundifh leaf, and a purple flower. 17. The Ceylon fea kind, with a thick heart- fafhioned leaf. 18. The Italian fea kind, with a finuated leaf. iq. The round-Ieav'd fea kind, commonly, but improperly, called fhlanella. 20. The final! rofe flowered field bindweed. 21. The fmall field kind, with a purple flower with white rays. 2?.. The little white- flowered field kind. 23. The little field kind, with a white flower, and purple umbo. 24. The little field kind, with a white flower, flreaked with red. 25. The fmall field kind, with aiiriculated leaves. 26. The fmall branched kind. z". The blue-flowered Portugal bindweed. 28. The fmall African kind. 29. The dwarf African kind. 30. 1 he fmall bindweed, with very fmall auriculated flowers. 31 .The Syrian bindweed^ called fcammony. %z. The fcammony-leav'd bind- weed. 33. The long-rooted fcammony bindweed. 34. The fmall Syrian kind. 35. The upright kind, with toad-flax leaves. 36. The fmalier kind, with toad-flax leaves. 37. The little creeping filvery bindweed, which has fcarce any flalk. j8. The umbellated, erect, filvery bindweed, called by many authors cneorum, and doryenium. 39. The creeping, umhel- lated, filvery bindweed, called by many Uchnis campands; fore, the bell-flowered lichnis ; and campanula lichnidea by John Bauhine. 40. The branched hoary kind, with leaves like thofe of moufe-ear, called by many eeffampelus ramofus. 41. The fmall hairy American kind, with ciftus leaves. 42. The blue- flowered creeping kind, with leaves like thofe of moneywort. 43. 7'he blue-flowered kind, with angular and ivy-like leaves. 44-- The broad leaved, angular, ivy-Ieav'cl kind, with blue flowers. 45. The hairy, ivy-leav'd, Indian bindweed. 46. The great alated Indian kind, with leaves like thofe of marfhm?.]- lows, and whofe root is the turbith of the fhops. 47. The great American bindweed, called mechoacan. 48. The thick- rooted, feven-leav'd, American kind, with fcarlet flowers. 49. The white-flowered, jagged-leav'd, fea bindweed of Ame- rica. 50. The great, many-leav'd, American bindweed, with a red flower, and red fruit. 5 1. The five-leav"d American kind, with fmooth dentatcd leaves, and hairy tendrils. 5 2. The five-Icav'd orfix-leav'd hairy, great, American kind. 53. The fmalier five or fix-leav'd hairy bindiveed of Ceylon. 54. The fmooth kin!, with mult i fid leaves 55. The elegant foreign ^maW^with leaves like thofe of betony.56.The clegantfilvery bindweed, with leaves very deeply cut. Tmru, InH. p. 84, 8c.

CONVULSIONS. See Spasms.

Convulsions of infants. Seelis'FANT.

CONYZA- SeeFLEA-^^.

COOMINGS, in fhip-building. See Coamings.

COOPER, on board afhip, the perfon that looks to the cafks, and all other veffcls, for beer, water, or any other liquor. He has a mate under him.

COOT, in zoology. See Fulica.

COPE, (Cycl.) among miners, is fixpence for every load of ore, nine diihes making one load. Houghton's Compl. Miner, in the Explan. of the Terms.

COPHOSIS, in medical writers, is ufed for deafnefs, whether beginning or perfect, from what caufe ibever. The word is Greek, derived from x^t^.j Urdus fan.' Blanc.

COPIOUS Jlile, in rhetoric. See Macrology and Diction.

COPOS, in medical writers, is ufed for a wearinefs of the body, when the mufclcs, or their fibres rather, are loaded and ob- ftru&cd with vifcous humours, fo as to render them unfit for motion. Blanc.

COPPEL, {Cycl ) in metallurgy, is a vefl'el of great ufe in the affaying of metals. It muft bs made of a matter that will contain melted metals, fo long as they are in their true me- tallic fiate, but will abforb them, as welt as all other bodies when they are vitrified.

The matter of which coppeh are to be made, muft be chofen therefore, fuch as can refift the ftrongeft fire, fuch as will not run eafily into glafs with verifiable bodies, as glafs of lead, & c. and fuch as may be reduced into a well coherent, tho' porous mafs. The beft earth for this purpofe is found to be that which is made of calcined bones of ail animals, a very few excepted, efpecially fwines bones ; for a coppel made of the bones of this creature is found to receive fomething metallic into it, at the fame time that it abforbs the glafs. The beft bones for this purpofe are thofe of calves, horfes, fheep, and oxen j and of thefe, the fmalleft bones are always to be preferred, as they are the more eafily calcined, efpecially fuch as have been Ion'-* ex- pofed to the injuries of the air. The calcination of thefe bones is to be made in an open fire,

C O P

for afewhotirs or more; according tofheirfize, and fuck ftlotlld be oiofen as have leaft fat about them. The calcination is known to be perfect, when there is not a black (pot remaining, either 011 the outfideof the bone, or within it, when broken. W hen the bones are perfectly calcined, they muft be reduced to a very fine powder, either by grinding on a porphyry, or fitting thro' a fine fieve, after beating. This powder muft be alfo carefully warned in warm water; for during the calcination, the bones become almoft always impregnated with the fait of the afhes of the fuel.

This powder is called by fome dark and is an excellent fub- ftance tor coppeh. The bones of fifties, when fmall, are yet more eaiiiy calcined than thole of other animals : this may be done with eafe in an open earthen veflel, and the powder of thefe is preferable even to the former.

Parget, or plaifter of Paris, made of various kinds of foar, tho' all kinds will not do for this purpofe, is alfo excellent : but as there are fome forts of fpar which will not afford a proper plaifter, it is proper to try in a fmall quantity firft. The cal- cination is to be made in an earthen veflel, covered with a tile, in an open fire. The (par crackles a little with the heatj and when this noife is over, the calcination is perfect. As the preparation of bone-afties for this ufe, however, is te- dious, and the proper forts of fpar not always or every where to be had, the want of them may be fupplied with the afties of vegetables, properly prepared : but, left the coppel, fhould vitrify, by reafon of the alkaline fait in thefe afhes, the fol- lowing method muft be obferved in their preparation : Wafti off the lighted and tineft part of the aihes from hot wood embers, with warm water, thro' a fieve, that the fineft part of the afhes may not fly away, nor any of the embers be mixed among them; pour upon this duft pure boiling water, and ftir it with a ftick : when the athes have fubfided, decant oft the water, and pour on frefh boiling water, ftirring all together, as before : when this has fettled, decant it off again ; and repeat this operation with frefti water every time, till the water have not the 'Hit tafte of the fait, b..t is perfectly infipid. When this laft water is decanted off, add a freth quantity; ftir the afhes thoroughly up, and after eight, ten, or twelve feconds, pour off the liquor, as yet thick with the aihes, into a clean veffel: part of the afties will now remain in the former veli'el ; on thefe pour more water, ftir them, and, af er a ihort reft, pour off as before into the other veflel. Repeat this, till in the firft veflel there remains only a little fandy matter, or a few coarfer particles. Let the wathed afhes now ftand, tiil the water is perfectly clear above them ; then decant this carefully off, and you will find thefe afties now become a good earth for this ufe, and free from recundant fait and oil, and immu- table by fire. Thefe, however, if made into a pafte, and rolled into fmall balls, and burnt again in a potter's oven, and then wafhed anew, become purer and better fttll. Finally, put a fmall quantity of the afhes of beaft or fifli bonesj into a very clean earthen veflel, and calcine them a fecond time, for a few hours, in amoft violent fire; afterwards wafh them with water, and grind them to a perfectly line powder on a porphyry, and keep this preparation, as alfo each of the others, feparate, for the more or lefs nice ufes. This laft is the preparation properly called dm; or elder, by the German metallurgies.

The hollow of the coppeh, which is to contain the metal, muft be a fpherical fegment, and not very deep : firft, that the fur- face of the melted mafs, be it ever fo fmall, be diffinctly vifible to the artificer's eye ; and, fecondly, that the metal left in that cavity, may meit together into one globule. But the outfides of the coppel muft be only a fmall matter convergent towards the bafis, like a truncated cone, that it may ftand firmly on its bafe : and that this figure may be regularly given to thefe vef- fels, it is convenient to have copper or brafs moulds for the making them. See Tab. of Chemiftry, N° 24. Now to make coppels from thefe preparations, take bone-afhes of beafts or fifties, either alone, or take two parts of wood- afties to one part of thefe, and mix them perfectly in a marble mortar, or on a porphyry or levigating ftone ; then add to the mixture, by very fmall quantities, juft lo much either of pure water, or of the whites of eggs diluted with water, as will be neceflaiy to make the matter ftick together, when ftrongly prefl'ed between the fingers : and great caution muft be ufed, not to exceed or fall ftiort of this exact proportion of the fluid. If you ufe the calcined fpar, it muft be made up with a folu- tion of vitriol.

Put a fufficient quantity of this matter, thus wetted, into a fmall mortar, fupported on a firm prop, and prefs down the matter clofely with your fingers, that the capacity of the mor- tar may be quite full : lay the reft afide.

Then put the peftle, made for a mould to make the coppeh perpendicularly on the furface of the matter id the mortar and with a mallet drive it down with three or four blows ac- cording to the different diameter of the coppel that is to be made : thus make the mafs conliderably compact ; but take great care that the peftle do not rub againft the fides of the mortar. When this is done, remove the peftle, and ftrew the cavity it has made in the mafs with allies of dry bones of the preparation called claer, ground extremely fine, and fifted thro' a fine fieve ; after this, wipe the peftle with a clean cloth,

and