Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/548

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and the juft'u ejh dlfay to him-, What faith Sir R, and Jbatt name one of the parties, &c. CONGEABLE, from the French conge, (i. e. leave, licence, or permifiion) fignifies as much as lawful, or lawfully done, or do: e with leave and permiiiion ; as, then entry of the di£'eijee ii congeablc. Littl, Soft. 420. CONGELATIONS byarufic'wl cold. See Artificial/t«zhk. Congelation of wines. See Wines.

CONGENERES mufadi, in anatomy, arc fuch mufcles in an ani- mal body, 2s ferve together to produce the fame motion ; and they are fo called becaufe they affift one another in their action. CONGER, in zoology, the name of the fea eel. a very voracious and extremely large fifh of the eel kind.

The name is derived from the Greek y-fyt®-, which is formed of a duplication of the adjective 7^©-, or y^ voracious, from ypu to devour.

It grows to an enormous fize, four or five cubits being a com mon length with it, and its thicknefs that of a man's thigh. It is of a pale grey on the back, and a fine milk white on the bel- ly, and has on each fide a ftrait white line, lomewhat broad, made as it were of a double row of dots, and running frorr. the head to the tail; the top of its back fin is black all the way; and in the end of his upper jaw, juft at the nofe, he has two fhort tubular horns, out of which a mucous liquor may be - fqueezed. Their flefli is very agreeable, but is not eafy of di-

geftion. Wilhghbyh Hid. Fife, p, 112. CONGERIES, in rhetoric. See ^ykathroismus. CONGESTIONES, in medicine. See Stuffings. CONG1TELLA, in antiquity, half a congius* Piiifc. Lex. Ant.

See Cgncius, Cycl.

CONGO money, or Guinea money, a name given to a peculiar

fpecies of concha veneris, or porcelane fhell, which palles by

way of money among the natives of thofe places. It is dif-

. tinguifhed from the other porcelanes by having a dentated

mouth, and fix gibbous protuberances on its furface CONGREGATIONALISMS, a branch of the independents, who agreeing with the prefbyterians indofbrine, do notwith- standing reje£t all church government, beyond that of a iingle ■congregation, under the direction of one paftor. Hofm, Lex. in voc. congregationales. See Indi pendent s, Cycl. CGNICH I HYODON TES, in natural hiftory, a name given by Dr. Hill to a genus of foifile bodies, called by other authors plcctronitx-, from their fuppofed refemblance to the fpur of a fighting cock. As this name carried with it, how- ever, no idea of the nature and origin of the body, and as it appears very plainly that tbcfe are the teeth of fiihes, though our pre fen t imperfect knowledge in the animal hiftory is not able to afcertain what fpecies they belong to ; it feems more rational to call them by a name which at once exprelles their general origin, and their conic figure.

They are of fevcral varieties of ihape, but all of the fame ge- neral form, which is an oblong conic figure, broad at the bate, and narrower at the point: they are fometimes perfectly ilrait, but more ufually a little crooked; very often they not unaptly referable the beak of a bird, and fometimes approach to the figure of the lamlodontcs, and fometimes to that of the belemnita?, being, like tbofe bodies, holluwed at the root. Some of them terminate in a round, and perfectly fmooth point ; others are near the fummit, ridged on each fide with a prominent edge ; and,infome, thefe ridges run all the way down the tooth ; but this is very rare. Sometimes alfo they emulate a fquared, or pyramidal figure ; and fome of them are very broad at the bafe, very ihort, and rounded at the top, feeming as if they had had the points worn down by long life.

Their external furface is fometimes fmooth and glofly, as in the kuniodentes, but much more frequently they are ridged longitudinally, or from top to bottom, and that fometimes ■with finer, fometimes with-dcepcr, or coarfer Arias. They are all plainly of the fame bony fubftance with the bufonitas, or lycodontes, and fometimes, though that happens but rarely, they are found with their roots, They are of various fizes, from a tenth of an inch to two inches long, and are moft ufu- ally of a bright chefhut colour, though ibmetimes whitifh, fometimes blucifh, and fometimes quite black. They are found in fome places in the itrata of clay, but more ufually in thofe of ftone ; and feem more frequent in England, than in any other part of the world. Hill's Hift. of Foil", p. 645. CONIFERA jalicis facie, in botany. See fiver Pi ne tree, Conifera aiypi folio, in botany. See Jpurge-leav'd Pike, CONIRA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for themyr-

rhis. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. CONISSAL/E, in natural hiftory, the name of a clafs of foffile bodies; the word is derived from the Greek j&m&ot&®'j powder, all the fpecies of bodies of this clafs being found like com- mon fand,in form of powder, have been ufually confounded to- gether, under the common name of fands. The coniJJdU are ■ defined to be ftoncs of a differently debafed, cryftallinc, or fpar- . 17 matter, but always found- in form of fmall and difunited particles, great numbers of which being amaffed together, form a kind of powder.

Of this clafs of bodies there are two diftin£fc and large genera. ,. 1. The fands properly fo called, which are compofed of par- ticles all appearing to have a tendency to the fame regular fi- '

gures, traiifparent, verifiable by a throng fire, and not foluble in, or effervefcing with acids. 2. The faburrce, or eritt of ftone found loofe ; thefe are found in form of powder, the particles of which, in general, have no tendency to any par- ticular figure, but kppear to he rudely broken fragments of lar- ger manes. Hill's Hift. of Foil p. 5+3. See the articles Are- nje and SaburrjE.

CONISTERIUM, rfWjJWfioij in antiquity, that part of the gym- nafium where the duft was kept with which thofe who" had been anointed, were fprinkled. It was alfo Called ■wwr'f*. Pctt. Archied. Grarc. I. 1. c. 8. T. 1. p. 38.

CONIS TRA, xaiirfa. See Cokisterium.

CONJUGATE point, in geometry. See Point.

CONN A, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the tre» which produces the caflia fiftula ufed in medicine. Hbrt. Ma- lab. Vol. 1. p. 37.

CONNARL T S, in the materia medica, a name given by fume au- thors to a large fpecies of jujube. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

CONNATA_/fi//«?, among botahifts. See Leaf.

CONNECTING oil. See L

CONNOUGH worm. See Woa m.

CONOPEUM, KMwtHfj in antiquity, a fort of net-work, made to keep away flies. The word comes from xu>4i a fly.

CONSCRIBED is fometimes ufed for circumfcribed. Harris. See CiRCL'MscRiErNG, Cycl.

CONSEw'RATRIX, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the common iris paluftris, or yellow flag 'flower. Ger. Emac Ind. 2.

CONSENT, (Cycl.) in medicine. See Sympathy.

CONS; v^UEN TE, Consequenza, or in ConsequFnza, in the Italian mufic. A part of a fugue, or canon, is find to be in confequavza, when it follows the firft part called the guide, imitating its motions, notes, and figures. Broff. Didt. Muf. in voc.

CONSERVATOR {Cycl) — Conservator of the truce, and faje conducls ; cbnjervatdr induciantm, ts* fahorum regis con- ducluum, was an officer appointed in every fea-port, under the king's letters patent. His charge was to enquire of all offences committed againft the king's truce, and fafe-conducts upon the main fea, out of the franchises of the cinque-ports, as the ad- mirals were wont to do, and fuch other things as are declared anno 2 Hen. V. cap. 6. Touching this matter, fee alfo Stat. 4. Hen. V. cap. 7.

CONSERVATORY, {Cycl.) is fometimes ufed for a place to preferve fnow and ice. Phil. Tranf. N° 8. p. 1 40. See Snow and Ice.

CONSISTENTES, in church hiftory, a kind of penitents who were allowed to affift at prayers, but could not be admitted to receive the facrament. See Hofm. Lex. in voc.

CONSOLIDATION^-.'.)— Among the many inflances of the confolidating power of blood and raw flefh, we have a very remarkable one in Bartholine's medical obfervations, which is, that a man being condemned to have his nofe cut off by the hand of the common executioner, the friends who were to be prefent, provided a warm loaf of new bread, which was cut in the middle, and the nofe received in it, as it fell from the face ; the nofe was, after this, nicely placed on the face again, and being fewed on, the whole, in time, confolidated, and left no more marks of the ignominy than the fear round the whole nofe, and the marks or the flitches.

CONSONANCE {Cycl.) is fometimes ufed to fignify a found arifing from fevcral others founding together, whether agree- able, or difagreeable to the ear. Euler. Tentam. Nov. The- or. Muf. p. 57.

In this kni's cot/finance may be divided into concord and dif- cord. Id. p 6>2V§.i4. See Concord, and Discord, Cycl.

CON SON ANTE, in the Italian mufic, is ufed to fignify con- cords, or thofe intervals which afford pleasure, be they either perfeel, as the fifth and eighth, or imperfect, as the third, fixth, &c. Bra'}'. Di&. Muf. in voc. See Octavf, Src.

CONSPIRATION E, a writ that lies againft confpirators. Fiiz. Nat. Br. fol. 114. d. Cempton, Jurifd. fol. 209. Regifter, fob r34. CONSPIRATORS, according to the ftatute, are thofe that do confederate, or bind themfelves by oath, covenant, or other alliance, that every of them fhaSl aid, and bear the other, falfe- ]y and malicioufiy, to indite, or caufe to indite, or falfly to move, or maintain pleas : and all fuch as caufe children, with- in age, to appeal men of felony, whereby they areimprifoned, and Tore grieved : and fuch as retain men in the country, with liberties, or fees, to maintain their malicious enterprizes : andtiiis extendeth as well to the takers, as the givers. And ftewards, and bailiffs, of great lords, which, bv their fcignio- ry, office, or power, undertake to bear, or maintain quarrels, pleas, or debates, that concern other parties than fuch as touch the eftate of their lords, or themfelves. Anno 33 Edw. I. Stat. 2. 2. Inft. fol. 384 and 562. CONSTANT (Cycl.) — Constant quantity, in geometry, that which remains the fame, while others increafe or decreafe. Thus, the femi-diameter of a circle is a ctmjfmt quantity ; for while the abfeifs and femi-oidinates increafe, it remains the fame. CONSTAT {Cycl.) is held to be fuperior to a certificate j be- caufe this may err or fail in its contents, that cannot, as cer- tifying