Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/547

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OF thofe whofc margin is rounded, we find many with thick edges, and oth.rs with thin ones ; fome alfo are broad and fiattifh, while others are fo much rounded on each fide, as to approach to an oval form. Moft of thefe have rounder and blunter beaks than the other kinds, and many of them have a hole at the ends, looking as if done by art. Thefe are the te- rcbratulasofMr.Lhuyd. Of thofe with the cornered margin, fome are thicker in the middle, and others at the end or rim ; and others have a ridge running down the middle of the back. Of thofe which are filiated from the cardo or hinge to the margin, we have alfo very numerous fpecies : in fome the lines are flight, and in others they make deep ridges and fur- rows. Thefe have generally a fharper beak than thefmooth ones, and arc, like them, various in the fhape of the margin, fome having it fmooth and plane, and others more lightly or deeply finuated or cornered. In the more common fpecies of thefe, the middle fegment of the longer valve is depreffed, or funk into a kind of hollow, and running out in length beyond the corners, bends round the margin, and meets the depreffed middle part of the oppofite valve, which is much fhorter. Some ot thefe are of a more convex, others of a more flatted figure, and fome have their ridges and furrows much more numerous than others, in fome there being only one to the depreffed or middle part of the fhell.

Others alfo of the fame clafs, or of one very nearly allied to it, are found in m my of our inland counties, fome very long from the cardo, or hinge, to the margin ; and others very fhort, and very long the contrary way. They are found indifferently in ail forts of ffrata, in earth, inftone, in fand, and among fflra- vel. Hill's Hift. of Foff. p. 650.

Concha fo/ tifitaia, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome authors to the genus of fhells, .called by others the murpx. See Murex.

Concha gkhofa^ in natural hiftory, the name of a large genus of fhells, called by authors the dolium, and in French the tonne. SeeDouuM.

Conch jE latitats mufculusy a name given by Riolanus and others to one of the mufcles of the ear, called by Cowper interims auris, and by Albinus, very properly, the ten/or tpnpani.

Conch je nariiun, in an tomy. See Narium concha.

Conch £ prcprtus nvfculus nevus, a name given by Santorini to a jnufcle of the ear, called by Albinus s and the French writers, auris ales anterior.

Concha fpeSfrortm^ the fpeclre JheU, a name given by au- thors to a fpecies of voluta, from fome odd figures defcribed on its furface, reprefenting rough draughts of terrible phan- toms. It is an elegant fhell, of a middle fize, and is of a white ground, and the figures are reddifh; thefe form three large and broad bands, furrounding the fhell at the top and bottom, and in the middle j and between thefe there are feveral feries of fmall fpots. It is a fcarce fhell, and ullially fells at a large pri<_-.

CONCHITES7He?rwr, a name given by tbeantients to a fpeciesof marble dug near Megara, and remarkable for containing a great number of fea fhells, and other marine bodies immerfed in it.

CONCHYLIA. See the article Shell fjh.

CONCIATOR, in the glafs art, is for the cryftal glafs what the founder is at the green glafs houfes. He is the perfon that weighs and proportions the fait on afhes and fand, and works them with a ftrong fire, till they run into lumps, and become white ; and if the metal be too hard, and confequenty brittle, he adds fait, or aihes ; and if too foft, fand ; frill mixing them to a fit temper, which is only known by the working. Neri, Art of Glafs, p. 240.

CONCLAMATIO, in antiquity, a fhout raifed by thofe prefent at burning the dead, before they fet fire to the funeral pile. See Shout, and Burial.

CONCOU, in botany, a name given by the people of Guinea to an herb which is in great efteem with them for kitting that troublefome fort of worm called the Guinea worm, which breeds in their fiefli. They bruife the leaves, and mixing them with oil, apply them in form of a cataplafm. The leaves of this fhrub fome what reftmblc thofe of the caggow, but they are thicker and ftifFer, and are not fo full of veins. They are broadeft within one third of the bafe, and from thence they go tapering to each end. They arc placed on long foot- ftalks of a fine green throughout. Phil. Tranf. N° 232.

CONCORDIA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for agrimony. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

CONCRETE y«/V«. fice the artideJuicES.

CONCURRING, or Congruent figures^ in geometry, fuch as, being laid upon one another, do exactly correfpond to, and cover one another, and confequently maft be equal among themfelves. See Congruity, Cycl.

CONDALUS, in antiquity, a kind of ring ufually worn by flaves.

CONDEMNATION {Cycl.) — Condemnation of prizes taken from the enemy. See Pr izes.

CONDENSING of wines. See Wines.

CONDUCTOR [Cycl.) — Cowluclors, in military affairs, are afliftants given to the commifliiry of the flores, to receive or deliver out ftores to the army ; to attend at the magazines by turns, when in garrifon ; and to look after the ammunition waggons in the field. They bring their accounts every night to the commifliiry, and arc immediately under his command,

CON

CONE, in allaying. See Melting-cot?.

Cone -/hue, in natural hiftory, the name given by many to a fpe- cies oftubulus marinus, not known to us in its recent (rate, but frcquent.lv found foffile in the Swediih (rones ufed in pave- ments. See Tu sums comameratus.

CONEPATL, in zoology, the name of an American animal, very like the rackoon in fhape, but variegated with two lona; (freaks of white, one on each fide of the ridge of the back" which run even into the tail. It is a tame and harmlefs ani- mal, but of a (linking fmell, and when purfued, or provoked, will difcharge its excrements at the perfon who offends it, to fix or eight foot diftance ; thefe have a very fad fmell, and fpoil peoples cloaths,by leaving indelible yellow fpots on them. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 182. See the article YzquiEPATL.

CONESSI, or Conesti, in the materia medica, a hark brought from the Eaft Indies. It is frequent in Ceylon, and Malabar, where the natives take it in diarrhoeas, lienteries; and dyfen- teries. Wc ufe it in powder for the fame purpofes, the dofc being from half a dram to a dram. It is proper to give a dofe of ipecacuanha before taking it.

This tree grows alfo on the Coromandel coaft, in the Eaft In- dies, and is not unlike the cadagopala of the hortusMalabari- cus. The amejji-feu, or bark of the fmall young branches of the tree is faid to be a good medicine in diarrhoeas. The bark of the fmall young branches of the tree is to be chofen, and the mofs or fcurf is to be (craped off; the bark is then made into an electuary, with fyrup of oranges, and taken to the quantity of half a,dram, or more, four times a day, for three or four days. It is to be oberved, that this bark fhould be frefh powdered, and the electuary made every day, or every other day, otherwife it lofes its proper effeft. Mr. Monro cured an obftinate dyfentery of three years ftanding with this medicine See Med. EC Edinb. Vol. 3. Art. 4.

CONFECTIO cardiaca, a name given in the late London dif- penfatory to the fo much cftcemed medicine, commonlyknown by the name of the confeclio Rakiglmna, or Sir Walter Ra- leigh's cordial. The compofition is alfo altered, as well as the name, and is ordered now to be made in the following man- ner : take frefh tops of rofemary, and juniper berries, of each a pound; the lefler cardamum feeds, freed from their hufks, zedoary, and faffron, of each half a pound. Draw a tincture' from thefe, with a gallon and half of proof fpirit; reduce this tincture, when (iltred, to the weight of about two pounds and an half, by a gentle evaporation ; then finifh the eleBuary by adding the following fpecies finely powdered ; viz. of com- pound powder of crab's claws, fixteen ounces ; cinnamon and nutmeg, of each two ounces ; cloves, an ounce ; double re- fined fugar, two pound. Pemberton'a London Difp. p. 338.

Confectio paulirn, a name given in the late London difpenfa- tory, to the compofition which ufed to be called confeclio archi- genis. It is now ordered to be made in the following manner: take coftus or zedoary, cinnamon, long pepper, black pepper, drained ftorax, galbanum, opium, and Ruffia caftor, of each two ounces ; of fimple fymp, boiled to the confidence of ho- ney, an equal weight to thrice the fpecies. Pemberton'% Lon- don Pharm. p. 339.

CONFERTA film, among botanifls. See Leaf.

CONFERVA. We find many of our pools and rivers in the fummer months thick covered with the green conferva; they are alfo frequently driven by the winds againft the (hores of our rivers, and cover the whole furface with a °recn mantle ■ this, with us, has never been found to be of any ill eonfequence to animals; but there is a peculiar fpecies of it in fome parts of the world, that is undiltinguifhable from ours in appearance, but is poifonous. Near a fmall village, two German miles from Dantzick, weftward, there is an inland water made by the joining of three rivulets, fome fmaller I'prings, and the rains and the fnow water from the hills : it is about half a German mile long, and an eigthth of fuch a mile broad. The foil of the bottom is fand and clay, and the water does not ftagnate, but delivers out two, or more, confiderable dreams, and there are good fiih in it. The water is alfo fweet, and wholefome to drink, but in the months of June, July, and Auguft, it becomes covered with this green conferva, which renders it poifonous and fatal to all the caitle that drink of it. Dogs, cows, and even fowls, drinking of it, certainly die; yet the water itfelf is notaffefled by it, forhorfes that are rode in to drink beyond the reach of the green covering never come to any injury; fo that it is the conferva itfelf, fwallowed in fub- dance, which deftroys the animals. Phil. Tranf. N° S3.

Conferva, in botany. See HAm-weed.

CONFESSION, confeffio, in rhetoric, the fame with what is otherwife called parbomology. See Parhomology.

CONFIGURATIONS of jolts, a term ufed by fome to exprefs the combinations of the particles of the falts of plants, and other fubftances, into certain figures, on the evaporating the water in which they had been difiblved, fo haftily as not to admit of their (hooting into their own regular cryftals.

CONFUSED vifwn, in optics. See Vision.

CONGE(fT>-r/. ) — Conasd'cccordcr, i. e. leave to accord, or a»ree,is ufed in the ftatute of fines, anno 1 8. Edw. I. to the following pxrpoie.-H'ben the original is delivered, in prefence cfthe parlies before juflices,a pleader jhallfaylhis: SirJu/lia,<:onge d'accorder;

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