Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/541

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dentally refembies the figure of a hand, a foot, or any other part of the body, it can never be neceflary to name it as a di- «ina Mil.

COLLARS, (Cyd.) in antiquity, were not only worn by way of ornament, but alfo as amulets, againft incantations, &c. See Amulet and Bracelet.

Collar, in (hip-building, a rope fattened about her beak-head, into which the dead man's eye is raifed that holds the main fray. 1 here is alfo a collar, or garland, about the main malt head, which is a rope wound about there, to lave the fhrouds from galling.

Collar of the plough, a term ufed by our farmers to exprefs a ring of iron, which is fixed to the middle of the beam, and fcrves to receive the ends of two chains, the lower one called the tow chain, and the upper one called the bridle chain. The lower chain is fixed at its other end to the box, and the upper, or bridle chain, to the ftake which runs parallel with the left hand crow-ftaft. Thcfe chains, by means of this collar, and their other infertions, ferve to join the head and tail of the plough together. In fome places the bridle chain is not fixed to the collar, but to the beam itfelf, by means of a pin ; and this is the better way on many accounts. Tail's Huftandry. See the article Plough.

COLLATERAL-IS /«»«, in anatomy, a name given by Spige- lius, and fome other writers, to a mufcle of the penis, now generally called the ereclor. See Erector.

CC LLATION, collatio, trvpGaM, in rhetoric, is ufed for com- parilbn. See Comparison, Cyd.

But Scaliger diftinguifhes, alledging, that in collation, one thing is compared to another that has preceded it ; and that the con- trary happens in comparifon. That to which any thing is com- pared is called prolans, and that which is compared, is called antapodofis Voff. Rhet. 1. 5. p. 381.

CGLLATIONE falla mi pojl mortem alterius, in law, a writ directed to the juftices of the common-pleas, commanding them to blue their writ to the bifhop, for the admiffion of a clerk, in the place of another prefentcd by the king, who died during the fuit between the king and the bifhop'sderk : for, judgment once pafl'ed for the king's clerk, and he dying be- fore admittance, the king may beSow his prefentation on another. Reg. Orig. q 1. Blount, and Cowel.

C0LJ.ATI0NE l.eremitagii, in law, a writ whereby the king conferred the keeping of an hermitage upon a clerk. Reg" Orig. 333, 308. Cowel.

COLLEC LION, collcdio, in logic, a term ufed by fome for what is commonly called fyllogifm, and ratiocination. See Syllogism, and Ratiocination, Cyd.

COLLECTORS, in botany, fuch ftudents as have attempted die knowledge of plants, without reducing it to any cer- tain fcience, being barely employed about the obferving, or getting together the various fpecies. Linnxi, Fund. Bot. p. 1.

COLLEGE (Cyd.) — College of juf.icc, in Scotland. See Sess.on.

COLLET, in the glafs trade, that part of a glafs veffe], which, in the making, flicks to the hollow iron by which the metal is firft taken out of the melting pot. This is broken off before the veffel is fafhioned, and is never feen in the leaft mark, when finifhed. Nori's Art of Glafs, p/447. Thefe they throw together, and afterwards grind them down, and put into the green glafs metal, for the purcft green glafs, but never into any other, though they be &e product of the fineft virgin metal. Memt's Notes on Neri, p. 277.

Collet, among jewellers, the fmall horizontal plane, or face, at the bottom of the brilliant. Jeffries on Diamonds.

COLLICI/E, in anatomy, is ufed by fome, as Steno, for the caruncuhs lacrymales. See Caruncula, Cyd.

COLLIERY (Cyd.) — The moft remarkable colliery, or coal- work, that we have ever had in this ifland, was that wrought at Burrowftonenefs, under the fea. The veins of coal were found to continue under the bed of the fea in this place, and the colliers had the courage to work the vein near half way over ; there being a mote half a mile from the fhore, where there was an entry that went down into the coal pit, under the fea. This was made into a kind of round key, or mote, as they call it, built fo as to keep out the fea, which flowed there twelve feet. Here the coals were laid, and a fhip, of that draught of water, could lay her fide to the mote, and take in the coal This famous colliery belonged to the earl of Kinkardin's family. The frefh water which fprung from the bottom and fides of the coal pit, was always drawn out upon the fhore by an engine moved by water, that drew it forty fathom. This coal pit continued to be wrought many years, to the great profit of the owners, and the wonder of all that faw it ; but, at lair, an unexpected high tide drowned the whole at ence, aud the labourers had not time to efcape, but perilh- ed in it. Phil. Tranf. N° 93. COLLUCIANIST./E. in church hiftory, a defignation given to the Arians, from the martyr Lucian, a prefbytcr of An- tioch. Hofm. Lex. in voc. COLLURIO, in zoology, a name by which fome authors have called the lanius, or butcher bird, a very fmall fpecies of hawk, not larger than a thrufh, but a great deftroyer of fmall birds. Kay's Ornithol. p. 5a. See the article Lanius. Suppl. Vol. I.

COL

COLLUTION, collutio, in medical writers, is fortieth-Tie's ufed tor the wafting of the mouth, particularly, when done to clean or faften bad or loofe teeth ; or free the cruras, &c from ulcers. ° '

COLLYEUS, in antiquity, the fame with what is now called the rate of exchange. See Exchange, Cyd.

COLLYRiE, or Collyrides, in antiquity, a certain orna- ment of hair, worn by the women on their necks. It was made up ,n the form of the fmall, roundifh cakes, called collyra. Pdifi. Lex. Ant. in voc.

££r^X?55^ Sa " ! """- SccSamium collyrlwn.

CULMEo TRt, in zoology, the name of a bird of the la- gopus kind, more ufually called otomo, and fuppofed not to dlrfer from the lagopus, otherwife than by its changing its colour, in the fumrner months. Ray's Ornithol. p. ,2," See Otomo and Lagopus.

COLOBIUM, among the antients, a kind of upper garment, without fleeves, which was longer than the tunic. Hofm. Lex. in voc.

COLOBOMA, in medical writers, is ufed for the preterna- tural growing together of the lips, or eyelids, or for the adhsfioil of the ears to the head. Blancard.

COLOCOLO, in natural hiftory, a name given by the peo- ple of the Philippine iflands to a foecies of bird, called alfo there cam, and by fome authors; the water raven, arms flumatilts. It is very much of the ihape of a common ra- ven, but is truly an amphibious bird, living more of its time under water than in the air ; it is black in colour • its neck is remarkably long ; and it feeds on fifh, which it hunts under water, as they do one another ; it feeds like- . wife on frogs, ferpents, and fhell-fift. It is common to fee it under water in clear rivers, where it feems perfeclly at eafe, and runs about with great fwiftnefs ; at times it comes up to the furtac:, and dries its wings in the air and fun- fliine. Phil. Tranf. N° Z85. p. 1S96.

COLOCYNTHIS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants of the gourd kind, of which there are many fpecies, the co.oqmnhda of the Crops being the pulp of one of them 7 he charaflers which diftinguifli this genus from the others of the fame clafs, are, that the leaves are very deeply di- vided, and the fruit is not eatable, but of an intolerable bit- ternefs.

The fpecies of this plant enumerated by Mr. Toumefort are thefe: i.The great, round-fruited mlocynth, the pulp of which is the common celcauintiia of the ftops. j.The ftriated, round- fruited colccy.tb. 3. The great, round, green-fruited colocynth. 4- The fmall, round-fruited, colocynth. 5. The fmall, varie- gated-fruited colocynth. 6. The great, variegated-fruited, colo- cynth. 7. The orange-fruited colocynth. 8. The rough-leaved, long fruited, colocynth. 9. The fmooth-leaved, long-fruited, colocynth. 1 o.^ The turbinated, pear-faftioned, colocynth. 1 1. The pear-faftioned colocynth, with variegated leaves. And, 12. The flat-fruited colocynth. Tourn. Inft. p. 107. Colocynth frequently purges by erofion, whence the confequence is often a number of bloody floors. And hence fome have af- firmed, that it purged by reafon of the great quantity of vola- tile fait it contained ; and that, from the fame principle, it rendered the blood fluid, and prevented coagulations of it. Experiment, however, does not prove this, nor has it any fuch power upon the humors out of the body ; for being put into recent blood, and recent milk, it is not able to prevent the co- agulation of either, at the common time : and hence, as well as from many other obfervations, it appears much more pro- bable.tbat it abounds in a highly acrid fait, by means of which it is able to open the mouths of the veflels, and, by this means, to produce that efl'ecf. The antients had another opinion of the caufe of thefe effeas : they thought that it was not capa- ble of concoction, or any alteration, by the juices in the fto- mach, but that, being of a fpungv, and porous nature, it there remained a fort of fpunge, and "fixing itfelf to the fides of the inteftiiies, exulcerated there, and caufed all its bad fymptoms by that means, And it has been obferved of later years that when given in infufion, it has not all thofe ill -effeas, nor, in- deed, fcarce any ( f them, which it has when given in fub- flance; but its infupportabJe bitternefs renders Tt fcarce pof- fible to be taken this way, and therefore it is ftill prefcribedin fubflance, becaufe it may be better diguifed in form of pills, or the hke. The difference is, that when a medicine is given in fubflance, it is given in all its force ; whereas, in infufion, there is no one menftmum that can be ufe.l, which can fo per- feftly extraft all its virtues, but that much will he left in the reiidue ; ..nd therefore, the infufion, as in this cafe, will be much the gentler medicine. This purge, though fo roup h, and mifchievous alone, yet is of great u(s, when mixed with other purgatives, as it carries them farther than they could ■ otherwife go, and difl.dges vifcous and pituitous humors, from the moft diftant parts.

In the common analyfis by chemiftry, there appears no prin- ciple predominant in this fruit, by which its violent effeas may be accounted for. Diifilled by the retort, it yields firft a phlegm ; then a phlegm with an acid fait diffolved in it ; after this, a phlegm lefs acid, and containing a quantity of an uri- nous alkaline fait, which ftro gly affeas the fmell. Thefe three liquors bring over with hem a ftctict oil, and the fixed fait drawn from the remainde in the retort, was of the na- 7 H ture