Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/537

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timed inward, to the apex which is turned outward. It is es- (y hence to know to which ear a cochlea has belonged, when it is fecu prepared The two half canals communicate fully at the apex of the cochlea. Their feparate openings are toward the bafis, one of them being immediately into the lower part of the vcftibulum, the other into the feneftra rotunda. Thefe two openings arc feparated by a particular turning. WinflmJa Anatomy, p. 5 1.

CO: HLEARIA, fcurvy-grafi, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe: the flower con- iifts of four leaves, and is of the cruciform kind j the piftil arifes from the cup, and becomes afterwards a feed veftel of a roundifh figure, divided by an intermediate membrane, to which there adhere valves on each fide. The feeds contained in this capfule are roundifh.

The 'fpecies of cocblearia enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe: r. The common, round- kaxedfiurvy-grifs. 2. The great, Dutch, long-leaved fcurvy-grafs. 3. The fcurvy-grafs with finuated leaves. 4. The ivy-leaved fcurvy-grafs. 5. The procumbent Danifh fcurvy-grafs. 6. The little, crea, Unniih fcurvy-grafs. 7. The ta\lfcuivy-grafii with leaves re- fembling thofe of woad called by authors, woad-leaved Iepidi- um, and dittander. 8. The dock-leaved fcurvy-grafs, com- monly known by the name of horfe-radifh. Town. Inft. p. 215. See ScvRvY-grafs.

COCK {Cycl.) — Gor Cock. See Gor cock.

Game Cock. Sec the article Game,

//W-Cock. See WooD-Mrjf.

Ccck of the mountain, or Cock of the wood, an Englifh name for the great tetrao, or urogallus major. See the "article Uro-

GALLUS.

CocK-*M/r, final! boats ufed in rivers, or near the fhore, which are of no fervice at fea, becaufe too tender, weak and fmall.

Cock paddle, the Scotch name for the Iumpus, or fea-fifh, com- mon on the Englifh coaffs, and called the Iump-fiih, or fea owl. Willughby's Hilt. Pifc p. 208.

Cock water is a dream of water brought in a trough, through a long pole, in order to waft out the fand of the tin-ore into the launder, while it is bruiting in the coffer of a ftampin^ mill. See Tin.

Cocks aboard a flip, are little fquare pieces of brafs, with holes in them, and put into wooden fhivers, to keep them from fplitting and galling by the pins of the blocks in which they move.

COCK ATOON, a name ufually given to the white macaw, but more properly belonging to the whole macaw tribe. See

M»CAW.

COCKERINGS, an exaflion, or tribute, in Ireland, now reduc- ed to chief rents. Blount. See Bonaght.

COCOI, in zoology, the name of a very beautiful bird of the Brafils, of the heron kind. It is of thebignefs of the common ilork ; its head is of a mixt colour of black and grey, and it has, on the back part of it, a creft of a very beautiful ftrufturc, of the fame colour, from which there hang two feathers of five fingers breadth long, and of a blackifh grey colour ; irs back, belly, wings, and neck, are of different variegations of black and grey, and on the lower part of its "throat has feveral very long, and very beautiful feathers of the fame colour. Its flcfll is very well rafted. Marggrave's Hiftor. Brafil.

COCROTALEON, in natural hifiory, a name given by the antients to an animal generated between the hyfena and the lionefs. This animal is defcribed as having many of the qua- lities of the mantichora; and it fcems with fome to be only an- other name for the fame beaft. It is called alfo Loacrotta, and lencocrotta, and fometimes fimply crocotta, or cocrotta. Pli- ny. Seethe article Llocrocotta.

CODFISH is the largeft of the genus of the afelli, called afellus maxima by authors, and fometimes, afellm varttis, five filriatus. The characters by which this is difringuiihed from other fifties of the fame genus are thefe : its colour on the back and fides is a dufky olive colour, variegated with yellow fpots ; its belly is white; its fides have a long white line running their whole length, from the gills to the tail, which, at the abdomen, is curved, but clfewhere is ftrait; its fades are very fmall, and adhere firmly to the fkin ; its eyes are large ; at the angle of the lower jaw there hangs a fingje beard, which is fhort, fel- dom exceeding a finger's length ; its tongue is broad ; it has feveral rows of teeth, one of which is much longer than all the others. Among thefe there are fome moveable teeth, as in the pike; and in the palate, near the orifice of the ftomach, and near the gills, it has fmall clufters of teeth. It has three back fins, two at the gills, and two at the breaft, and two others behind the anus ; and the tail is plain. Wilhzhto's Hift. Pifc. p. 165. " J

This fiih, according to its age, the places where it is caught, or cured, and other accidents, has alio feveral names given it. From the various places, it is called, the haberdctn, from Aber- deen in Scotland ; the green-fijb, from Greenland ; the north- fea cod, from the northern ocean ; and the iceland-fifli, from Iceland. From other caufes, it is czNedfioci-fiJ/j, from the ne- ceflity of beating it with fticks, before it is' fit to be dreffed ; Sutpl. Vol. I.

GOG

barrelled cod, when cured, and put up in barrels '; and, when young, a codling, JVillughby's Hilt. Pifc. p 166. According to the Artcdian fyftem, it is a fpecies of gadus, apd it is diftmgui/hed from the other fpecies of that genus by hav- ing beards at the mouth, the upper jaw longcft, and the tail not forked. SeeGADtjs. .,.

CODA, in the Italian mufic, literally fignifies a tail, but is ufed often at the end of a canon, for two or three meafures to clofe with, after having repeated it feverai times. The coda ferves only to end the piece, which, without itj might be carried on to infinity. Broffi, & Graffmeau, Did. Muf. in voc.

Coda laneea, in zoology, the name given by the Italian authors to the fpecies of duck called by others the anas caudacuta, and Vulgarly known, in fome parts of England, by the names of the cracker, or Jea pbmfmit. It differs from all o her birds of the duck kind in the fliape of its tail, which has two fea- thers longer than the reft, and ending in a point. Ray's Or- nirhofp. 290. SeeCRACKER.

CODAGA, bark, a name given to that otherwife called coneffi, or conejh. See Conessi.

CODD AM pulli, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called the tree which produces the gamboge, the gutta gamba of the (hops. Hort.Mal.V. i.p 4, ■

CODDY moddy, in zoologv, the Englifh name of a common water fowl of the larus, or gull kind, and diftinguifhed by the name of the larus fufcus. or larui Hybcrnus, by authors it is a moderately large bird,weighing abovea pound; its necjc, breaft, and belly arc all white, except that there is a little brown about the throat; its head is white, variegated with brown fpots ; its back is grey, and its rump white ; its tail and wings are variegated with black and white, and its hinder toe .is very fmall. Ray's Ornithol. p. 2»6.

CODEX,in antiquity,a kind of puniftiment by means of a clog, or block of wood, to which flaves, who had offended, were tied faff, and obliged to drag it along with them; and fome- times they fat on it clofely bound.

CODON, saJw, in antiquity, a cymbal, or rather little brafs bell, refembhng the head of a poppy. They were fattened to the trappings and bridles of borfes. , »

Codon is alfo ufed to fignify the orifice of a trumpet.

COEFFICIENT (Cycl.) - Co ff.cients of the fame order, in algebra, is a term fometimes ufed for the coefficients prefixed to the fame unknown quantities, in different equations ; t,, .,. C ax +iy + cz— m

1 nus, in the equations, -J dx-\-ey-\-fxz=.n ~-,. ' gx-\-by-j-kz=p

The coefficients, a, d, g, are of the fame order, being the coeffici- ents of x ; alfo b, e, h, are of the lame order, being the coeffici- ents of y, &c. The c efficients alfo that affect no unknown quantity, are faid to be of the fame order Vid. Mac Laurins Algebr. p. 81.

Oppofite Coefficients, fuchas are taken each from a different equation, and from a different order of coefficients. Thus, in the foregoing equations, a, e.. k, and a, h, f, as alfo d, b, k, are oppofite coefficients. Mac Laurin, ibid. p. 81, 82.

COELIC'OLOR, in natural hifiory, a name given by fome to the opal. See Opal.

COELOMA, in medicine, a hollow and round ulcer, in the hor- ny tunic of the eye. Blancard.

COEM EIONALES, among the Romans, an appellation given to old flaves, which were fold in a lot with others, becaufcdiey could not be fold alone. Hofm.Lex. in voc.

COENOBIUM, xoi»Ci ., the ftate of living in a fociety, or com- munity, where all things are in common. Pythagoras is thought to be the author, or firft inftitutor of this kind of life, hisdifciples,though fome hundreds in number,being obliged all to give up their private eftates, in order to be annexed to the joint flock of the whole. The Eftenians among the Jews, and Platonifts, are faid to have lived in the fame manner. Many of the Chriftians alfo have thought this the moil peifect kind of fociety, as being that in which Chiift and his apoftles chofe to live. Hofin. Lex. in voc. See Coenobite, Cycl.

COES, among miners, are little houfes which the miners make over their mines to lay ore in. Houghton's Compl. Miner, in the explication of the terms.

COIFEE {Cycl.) — Mr. Boyle mentions an inftance of a perfon to wkm^ always proved emetic. Works abr. Vol. 1. p. 95. It is alfo known to be purgative to others.

COUNIOL, in zoology, a name given by fome to the fifh more ufually called colias, a kind of mackrel, differing from the common kind in nothing but that it is much fmaller. IVil- lughby's Hift. Pifc. p. 181. See Colias.

COGNITIVE is fometimes applied to that faculty or power of the human mind, by which we know any thing, or are en- abled to diftinguifll truth from falfity.

Latin writers ufe the term facultas cogmfcitiva in the fame fenfe. Wolf. Phil. Rat. Sect. 1.

Hobbes has made ufe of the term cognitive power, for the power of knowing, or conceiving, in contradiftinaion to motive power, or appetite. Hum. Natur. p. /;, 5. Edit.

COGNITIONIBUS mittendis, in law, a writ to any

of the king's juftices of the common pleas, who has the

7 G power