Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/533

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Clove, in commerce, is ufed for the two ahd thirtieth part of a weigh of cheefe, i. e. eight pounds. 9 Hen. VI. c 8. Blount & Stww/, See Weigh, Q.cl. Ciovz-jufy-jiowers, a fpecies of caryophyllus, greatly recom- mended as cordials, and given in diforders of the head, pal- pitations of the heart, and in nervous complaints of all kinds. See Caryophyllus. Ciov E-tongne, a name ufed by feme Englifh writers, for the com- mon black hellebore, the root of which is ufed in medicine. Ger. Emac. Ind. 4. CLOVER graft. See Trefoil and Trefolium. CLOUTS, in gunnery, are thin plates of iron nailed on that part cf the axle-tree of a gun-carriage, which comes through the nave, and thro' which the linfpin goes. CLOYED. The feamen, when any thing is got into the touch- hole of a great gun, fo that they cannot with a priming iron make way for the powder to be put in to prime her, fav the touch-hole is cloyed: wherefore when guns are nailed, &c. they fay they are cloyed. CLUB antenna, in natural hiftory, a name given by naturalifts to fuch of the horns or antennas of butterflies as reprefent a club, being larger at the extremities than at the origin. CLUPEA, in the Artcdian ichthyology, the name of a fifh, the characters of which are thefe. It is one of the genus of the malacopterygii, or foft-fi lined kind. The branchioftegc mem- brane contains on each fide eight bones. The belly is very acute, or, as it were, fcrrated, from the Angular fituation of the fcales ; and the back-fin is placed fame what nearer to the fnout than to the tail. Artedi, Gen. Pifc. 5. The ipecies of this genus, enumerated by Artedi, are thefe :

P- 3 1

C O A

ties. Lifm'ai Gen. Plant, p. 488. Berth. Ind. Alt

Hort. Amit. 1. 91.

CLYDON, Kto&» 9 in medical writers, is ufed for the fluctuation

or food taken into the ftomach, arifing from the laxity or

rT^SfeJJ ° f ' tS fibreS ' and of tbe abd o»»nal mufcles. Blanc.

LLYJVIENUM, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are in all refpefls the fame with thofe of the lathyrus ; only in this plant there grow but two leaves on each rib, whereas on the clyme there are feveral pairs, the rib finally terminating in a clavicle or tendrill. The fpecies of clymenmn enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The Spanifh clywemim, with 2 variegated flower, and a fmooth pod. 2. The Spanifh clymenum, with a varie- gated flower, and jointed pod: and, ?. The common, wild, blue-flowered dymenwn, called the vetch lathyrus. Taurn, Inft. p. 396.

CLYPEOLA, in botany, the name given by Linnaeus to a ge- nus of plants, called by Tournefort and others jonth.'ajpi. L-iftHjni Gen. Plant, p. 315. See Jo-.thlaspi. *

CLYSSUS, in chemiftry, a compound extract, either made from feveral different fimples, or from the feveral fimple pre- parations of the fame fubftance mixed together : as when from wormwood, or any other plant, we draw the water, fpirit, oil, fait, and tincture; and afterwards, according to the rules of art, unite all thefe again into a mafs compounded of them all, and containing the joint virtues of them all. Baerhaave's Chem. p. 171.

To this clafs are reducible many of the nobleft produ&ions of the art, as the more curious fapos, and many others. CLYSTERS, {Cyci.) in medicine. SccEnema.

The clupea, with the lower jaw longer than the upper, and CNEORUM, in botanv, a name ufed bv manv authors for a
 * -U^.,* r, — *,. Ti,:- :., -...- 1 :_~ -n r • r 11' ,- .. .-„. /„ . ' ..

without fpots. This is our common herring. There are fmall teeth in both jaws, as alfo on the tongue and palate : the vertebrae are fifty-fix in number, and the appendices of the py- lorus are feventeen, 2. The clupea of four inches length, with the lower jaw longer than the upper, and the belly very Iharp. This is the fifth we call the fprat, and vulgarly fuppofe to be only a young herring. The vertebrae in this fifh are only forty eight in number, and the points of the belly-fcales are more acute than in the herring. 3. The clupea, with the apex of the upper jaw divided into two parts, variegated on each fide with black fpots. This is the clupea, alaufa or ah/a, and thrtffb of authors, and is called by us the fhad. The lower jaw is longer than the upper, but the upper only has teeth. The vertebra? are in number fifty-five; the ribs thirty of a fide ; the fcales of the belly are aculeated, and arc in number from thirty- five to thirty-feven. There are on each fide five, fix, or (even black fpots near the back. The appendices of the pylorus are eighty in number. 4. The clupea-, with the upper jaw the longeft. This is the anchovie or encraficholus of authors. The vertebra are forty-five or fix. See Tab. of Fifhes, N" 39. Artedi Gen. Pifc. 4.

CLUSIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the cha- racters of which are thefe. The perianth ium is compofed of five roundifh, hollow, and expanded leaves, and the flower is compofed of five very large, roundifh, aud expanded petals. The nectarium is globofe : it confifts of one leaf, and enclofes the germen, and is open at the top to give way to the ftigma. The ftamina are extremely numerous fimple filaments, fhorter than the flower : the anthers are fimple : the germen of the piftil is of an oval, oblong figure. There is fcarce any ftile. The fiigma is ftellated, plane T obtufe, and divided into fix fegments. The fruit is an oval capfule, containing (ix cells, with a number of oval feeds in each. Linnai Gen. Plant. p. 229. Plum. Gen. 10. Pluk. p. 257.

CLUSTER pohpe. See Polype.

CLUTIA, in botany, a name given by Boerhaave to a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. In the male flower, the cup is a perianthiurn of the bignels of the flower, com- pofed of five oval obtufe leaves, which are hollow, and ftand open. The flower is compofed of five petals, which ftand very wide open, and are of a cordated figure, with plain ungues, fhorter than the cup. There are in this flower five externa! and five interna! ncctaria : the external ones are tri- partite, oblong, open, of the fame length with the ungues of the petals, and are difpofed in a circular form within the pe- tals. The internal ncctaria ftand between the others, and are a fmall fort of glands, with an aperture, difcharging honey at their tops. The ftamina are fVe filaments, placed within the ftile, and Handing at a diftance from the petals : the antherae, which thefe fupport, are round, and turn about upon them : the piftil has no germen : the ftile is very long, of a cylindric figure, and truncated, and produces the ftamina in its middle. In the female flower, the perianthiurn and the petals are the fame as in the male ; but the external nectaria are only dou- ble, and appear roundifh. Their fize and fituation are the fame as in the male, and there are in thofe flowers no internal nectaria The piftil is a roundifh germen, crowned with three bifid ftilcs of the length of the flower, and thefe ter- minated by obtufe ftigmata. The fruit is a globular capfule, compofed of three cells, and having fix furrows running along it; in each of the cells is contained a fingle feed, which is roundifh, and has a fort of appendage at one of its extremi- Suppi. Vol. I.

fpecies of convolvulus, ufually diftinguifhed among botanical writers by the name of convolvulus argenUm umbel at us erecJus ; the upright, umbellated, filvery bind-weed. tee Convol- vulus.

IntheLinnseanfyftcm of botany, the cnecrum makes adiftinil genus of plants, the characters of which are that the cup is a perianthiurn, with three notches, very fmall, and remaining after the flower is fallen The flower is compofed of three petals, which are oblong ftrait, pointed, concave, placed, erect, and very quickly falling off! The ftamina are three pointed filaments, fhorter than the flower : the anthera? are very fmall : the piftillum has an -obtufe germen, divided into three lobes: the ftile is erect, firm, and of the length of the ftamina : the ftigma is broad and trifid. The fruit is a dry berry, fornewhat round, but made of three lobes, and con- taining three cells. The feeds are fingle and round. Linnai Gen. Plant p. 9.

The cneorum is called chamzelea by Tournefort and others. See Cham^elea. CffiGU$,fajfrw<fo, wer' i m botany,the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the flofcu- Ious kind, or compofed of feveral fmall flofcules, divided into fegments at their ends : thefe are placed upon the embryo ieedy and are all collected into one head, and furrounded by a common cup, furnilhcd with large outer leaves. The em- bryo fruit finally ripen into feeds, winged with down. The fpecies of emeus enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The rough blue-flowered emms. 1. The blue- flowered perennial emeus, 3. The wild hairy cnicus, called carduus benedictus. 4. The meadow emeus, with acanthus leaves, and yellow flowers. 5. The meadow cmcusiwith acan- thus leaves, and purple flowers. 6. The fpear-leav'd emeus, with very ftrong prickles. 7. The white-fpotted cnicus, with purple flowers. 8. The white-flowered, white-fpotted cnicus.

9. The yellow-flowered cnicus, called the yellow atractilis.

10. The low, prickly, purple- flowered fvotr. 11. The low, blue flowered, m uutain cnicus. 1 1. The blue mountain emeus, with weaker thorns. 13. The Me emeus, with cancellated heads, and woolly feeds. 1 4. The hoary, many-headed cnicus, with yellow thorns. 15. The Spanish, fonking-trec; cnicus*

16. The Spanifh cnicus, with large laciniated leaves : and,

17. The blue-flowered Spanifh cnicus, with calcitrapa leaves. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 12. Tcurn. Inft. p. .50.

CNIMODACTYL^EUS, in anatomy, a name given by Spi- gelius, and fome others, to a mufcle of the foot, generally known by the name of the extenfor di.itorum pedis. See Extensor, Cyd.

COA, in natural hiftory, the name given by Plumier to a genus of plants, called by jjUnnseus hippocratea. See the article Hipocratea.

COACERVATE vacuum. See Vacuum, Cyel.

COACH, (Cycl.) in tbe navy, a fea term for the council-cham- ber on board aflag-fhip.

COAGULATION (Cyel.) — Chymical Coagulation is per- formed by fix different agents in the general operations in che- miftry, and by each of thefe in feveral manners. 1. It is performed with water, by congealing, cryfhllizing, and precipitating ; as in the mercurius vita, and fome other fuch preparations.

1. With oil, which, by the force of fire, unites to itfelf ful- phur, falts, and metals.

7 F

3 With