Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/532

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Barman. Zeyl. 29. Hort.Mal. vol. 2 p 2$. L'nvtei Gen. Plant p. 287. /)///<:», Hort.Elth. Gen. 11. Gtotau. Virgin p. 7 [,72.

CLEROTI, k>.»;-:wk-.;, among the Athenians, a kind of public arbitrators. SeeDi^TET^:.

CLETHRA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the perianthium is fmall and permanent, and is compofed of five erect, hollowed, and oval leaves. The flower is compofed of five oblong and broad petals, fomewhat longer than the leaves of the cup. The ftamina arc ten fubulated filaments, of the length of the flower : the anthcra? are oblong and erect, and open at the points : the germen of the piftil is roundifh: the Mile is capillary, erect, and permanent, and urows after the flower is fallen : the Itig- ma is obtufe, and divided into three ferments. The fruit is a roundifh capfule, furrounded by the cup : it is compofed of three valves, and has three cells, in which are contained a number of feeds of an angular figure. Gronov. Virgin, p. 43. Linncei Gen. Plant, p. 187.

CLETHRi'l KS lapis, a name given by the antients tofuch pieces of fofiil wood as fhewed a grain refembling that of the wo.d of the a ; der.

CLEW 0/ the fail of a JJnp, is the lower corner of it which reaches down to that earing where the tackles and fheets are fattened ; fo that when a fail is made goring, or Hoping by de- grees, fhe is faid to have a great detu : and a fhip is (aid to have a great clezv, when fhe has a very long yard, and fo has much canvas in her fails.

Clew -garnet, in (Hip-building, a rope fattened to the dew of the fail, and from thence running in a block feized to the middle of the main and fore-yard. Its ufe is to hale up the dew of the fail clofe to the middle of the yard, in order to its bein: furled.

ChEW-line "is the fame to the top-fails, top-gallant-fails, and fprit- fails, that the dew-garnet is to the main-fail and fore-fail, and has the very fame u(e. In a guft of wind, when a topfail is to be taken in, they firft hale home the lee dew- line, and by that means the fail is taken in much eafier.

CLIFFORTIA, in botany, the name of a fhrub given by Dil-

% lenius, and continued by Linnasus. The characters are thefe it produces male and female flowers. Jn the male flower, the cup is a perianthium, compofed of three oval, pointed, and hollow leaves, which ftand open. There are no petals, but in this cup ftand about thirty ftamina, which are erect capillary filaments, of the length of the cup. Theantherseare double, and are oblong, ubtufely pointed, compreffed, and placed in an erect pofition. In the female flowers, the cup is a three- leaved erect periantbum : the leaves are all equal in fize, and are of an oval pointed figure; but they ftand upon the ger- men of the piflil, and remain there after the ftamina arc fallen. The flower has no petals, but has a piftil of an oblong form, {landing under the cup ; two long plumofe and very flender ftiles, and fimple ftigmata. The fruit is an oblong capfule ; of a cylindric form, containing two cells, and remains crown- ed with the cup. The feeds are contained one in each cell, and are very flender, oblong, and of a cylindric form. Th fhrub has been fuppofed by fome allied to the mercurialis in its male and female fructification ; but they appear extremely different on a clofe infpection; and indeed the leaves of the cup remaining on the fruit in this, are an obvious diftinefcion. Linntei Gen. Plant; p. 484. Dill. Elth. 31. fob j.

CLIET, in tbemanege, a deficiency in the new, foft, and rough uneven hoof that grows in horfes feet, upon the hoof-caft. Gull/. Gent Diet, in voc.

It is alfo called chink, crack, or chap, and by the French avalure. Guill. Gent. Diet. & Diet, de Richelet. in voc. avalure.

Clifts, in timber. See Clefts.

CLIMACIDES, K.j.if/.a.zihc, among the Greeks, were women fcrvants who aftifted their miftrefles to get on horfeback, hv ferving as fteps for them to afcend by. Hofin. Lex. in voc.

CLIMATARCH./E, fCu^V^^, were governors of provinces to the Greek emperors. Hoftn. Lex. in voc.

CLIMATE /<?>-;VW.r. See Temperature.

CLIMIA of the Arabs. See Klimia.

CLINCH of a cable, is that part of it which is bent about thi ring of the anchor, and then feized or made faft.

Clinch-£o/ij, in a fhip, are fuch as are clinched with a rivettin; hammer atthofe ends which come through.

CLINCHING, in the fea language, a kind of flight calking ufed about the ports on a profpect of foul weather : it is done by driving a little oakum into their feams, that the water may not come in at them.

CLINIC baptifm. See Baptism.

CLINKERS, among brickmakers. See Brick.

CLINOPODIUM, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower confifts of one leaf, and is of the labiated kind : the upper lip is erect, round ifh, and ufually bifid, and the lower is divided into three fer- ments. The piftil arifes from the cup, and is fixed in the manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flower : it is fur- rounded by four embryos, which afterwards ripen into fo ma- ny feeds of an oblong figure, to which the flower-cup ferves as a calyx. To thefe marks it maybe added, that the flowers always grow vcrticillatciy round the ftalks. The fpecles of dinopodium enumerated by Mr. Tournefort,

are thefe : r.Thc taller, large-leaved, origanum like clings- dium. 2. The low, fmall-leavcd, origanum-like dimpadj^m. 3. The white-floweredj origanum-like dinopodttmi. 4. Use Bafil-like, field dinopodium. 5. The mountain d'mop-.dium. 6. The fpiked and vcrticillate Portugal dim/ odium. 7. 'i he hyflop-lcaved Alpine c-ir.opodium. Tourn. Inft. p. 194.

CLIPEUS, in natural hiftory, the name of a clafs of the echi- nodermata, which are very depreiled and flat, and in fome meafure rcfemble a fhield. 'Of this clafs there arc only two known ("pedes.

The firft is the difcoide echinttcs of Plot, and the fecond that of Lonsius, which has a little higher top. Klein's Echinod.

CL1TONES, the cldcft, and alltnefonsof kings. '1 his word is often met with in our antient authors. Blount,

CLiTOREA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, in- cludinc; the iernatca of Tournefort and Dillenius, the ditorius of the laft author, and the phafeoli fpecies of Rivinus The characters are thefe : the cup is an erect perianthium, confut- ing of one leaf, of a tubular form, and divided into five feg- ments at the end. The flower is of the papilionaceous kind : the vexillum is very large, ftrait and expanded, and is mar- ginated and undulated at the edges. The ate are of an ob- lono- figure; they are ftrait, obtufe, and fomewhat fhorter than the vexillum. The carina is fhorter than the ala?, and is of a roundifh foliated form The ftamina are diadelphous filaments, and the antheras are fimple. 'Fhe germen of the piftil is oblong; the ftile points upwards, and the ftigma is obtufe. The fruit is an extremely long pod, of a comprefled figure, compofed of two valves, and pointed at the end. The feeds are very numerous, and kidney-fhaped. Limuvi Gen. Plant, p. 350. Tournefort, A. G. 1706. Dillen. Gen. 10. Hort. Eltham. p, 76. Rivin. 4.

CLITORIDIS mufcu'us, a name given by Vcrheyen to the mufcle of the female pudenda, ufually called ere£lor ditoridis. This is the only mufcle that is proper to this part; the other, called the inferior clitoridis, being properly a fphincter vagina?, or as Albinus c;tils it, conftrictor cunni.

Clitoridis inferior, in anatomy, a name given by Riolanus, and many others, to a mufcle of the female pudenda, called the vagina? conftrictor, and fphincter vagina? ;. by Albinus, the conftrictor cunni.

CLITORIS {Cycl. ) — This part is thought by fome to have been firft difcovercd by modern anatomifts ; but Dr. 1 ronchin quotes fcveral antient authors who knew the clitoris, and proves that Bonadolus mentioned it before Columbus or Fal- lopius. See his Origine ancienne de la phyfique nouvelle.

CLONARIUM, in botany, that Imali pedicle which fupports every feparate flower, or fruit in a clufter, as every grape in a bunch, every berry in a corymbus of ivy, &c. Diofcorides has ufed this word in his defcription of the hydropiper or arfmart, which is the zinziber caninum of the Arabians. He fays, the fruit ftands on botryoide clonaria ; and the interpre- ters and tranflators of his works having applied this term to the young fhoots, and mifunderftood its meaning fo far as to make it ftand for a branch full of leaves, have quite perverted the fenfe, and rendered the whole chapter unintelligible, by mak- ing the defcription not agree with the plant. Avifenna, who profeffedly copies the account of Diofcorides, has in the fame manner deftroyed the merit of his tranflation, and makes the defcription of his zinziber caninum not agree with our arfmart, the*' that be evidently the plant meant by it.

CLOSE-fghts, aboard a fhip, are fuch bulk-heads as are in a fight put up fore and aft in the fhip, that the men may ftand behind them fecure, and fire upon the enemy ; and if the fhip is boarded, fcour or clear the decks.

Q~Losv.-quaricrs, on board a man of war. See Quarters.

CLOSH, in our old cuftoms, an unlawful game, forbidden by flat- 14. Edw. IV. c 3. &: 33. Hen. 8. c. 9. It is faid to have been the fame with our nine-pins, and is called dojk-coyls by the 33 d Hen. VIII. Blount & Cowel.

CLO'T-btrd, in zoology, a name by which the common cenanthe is called in many parts of England. See CFnanthe.

CLOTH hiannbujlible. See Inxombustiele doth.

Hair Cloths, in military affairs. See Hair.

CLOUI> [Cycl.) — From the obfervable motions of the clouds it appears, that there are different currents in the air at the fame time, and in the fame quarter, under one another. Phil. Tranf. N°4s8. p. 57.

Clouds magdla?iic. See Magellanic clouds.

CLOVES [Cyd.) — This fpice acquires weight by imbibing wa- ter, which it will do at fome confiderable diftance. The Dutch, who trade in doves, make a conftderable advantage by knowing this fecret. They fell them always by weight ; and, when a bag of doves is ordered, they hang it feveral hours be- fore they fend it in, at about two foot diftance over a vefiel of water. They carefully watch the time when the cloves have imbibed the proper quantity, that the fraud may pafs undif- covered. This will add many pounds to the weight, which the unwary purchafer pays for on the fpot. This is often practifed in the fpice iflands, and femetimes in Europe : but the degree of moifture muft be more carefully watched in the former place ; for there a bag of cloves will in one night's time attract fo much water, that it may be prefled out of them by fqueezing them with the hand.

Clove-