Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/523

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CIGAXON, in natural hiftory, the name by which the French writers cail the ftnaller fpecies of cicada, as they do the larger the eigale. The ancients were acquainted with two fpecies^of cicada, a great one, and a ("mailer one : the laft of thefe they called ttftigoma, and the firit ccheta. It has been ufually fuppoiedj that the dga'on of the- moderns was their tettigonia : but Mr. Reaumur obferves, that we have in reality three kinds ot them, a large, a middling, and a i'mall one; and that the large was their acheta, the middle one their tcttigonia, and that the cigalon, or fmall one, which is about the fize of a hornet, was wholly unknown to them. See Harvest-/^.

CILIATED leaf, among botanifts. See Leaf.

CILICIA terra, in the natural hiftory of the antients, a bitu- minous fubftance, tho' called an earth, which, by boiling, be- came tough like bird-lime, and was ufed inftead of that fub- ftance to cover the flocks of the vines, for preferving them from theworms. Itprobably ferved in this office in a fort of double capacity, driving thofe animals away by its naufeous fmell, and entangling them if they chanced to get among it. Hill's Theophr. p. 1 19.

CILIC1UM, a fort of habit made of conrfe fluff, of a black or dark colour, formerly in ufe among the Hebrews, in times of mourning or diftrefs. It was called dlidum, becaufe it came from Cilicia, or rather becaufe the Gilicians invented this kind of habit, made of goat's hair, and u fed principally in camps and fhips, by foldiers and mariners. The Septuagint and He- brew call that fackcloth, which St. Jerome tranflates dlidum, either becaufe fkeks were made of this fort of fluff, or becaufe haircloths were ftrait and clofe like a facie. St. John, in the revelations, fhews plainly, that thefe fackcloths or haircloths were black, when he lays that the fun became black as fackcloth made of hair. The old monks were often cloathed with thefe haircloths. Cahnet Di£t, Eibl.

CIiYIhXIANTHUS, in natural hiftory, a name given by authors to a fpecies of the cadus belt. It is defcribed to be of a white colour, rcfembling that of marble, with a yellow pupil in the middle. It was found on the mores of the Euphrates.

CIA4EX, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of infects the characters of which are thefe : the head is fmall : the back, toward the fhoulders, is broad, and is covered with a cruflaceous fubftance : its moulders are of an angular make and its wings partly cruitaceous, partly membranaceous, and are fo formed, that they exhibit the figure of a crofs, where

. they meet at the middle of the back ; and they have a lono- probofcis, winch is bent under the belly, and always lies ftrait, not in a fpiral form.

Mr. Ray divides the cimices Into two kinds, thofe of a fhorter, and thofe of a longer and narrower make. Of the firfl kind he defcribes eight fpecies; 1. The great green dmex. This is broad and ftiort, and its legs and belly are of a paler green than its back. 2. The brown fhort- bodied dmex, with pro- minent moulders, and a large yellowifh red fpot in the center of the crofs on the back. This feems to be the fecond of

■ MoufFet, and is all over of a brown colour, legs, belly and head, as well as back. 3. The dufky grey dmex, with a fome- what longer body, with acute moulders, and a fmall pale yel- low fpot in the center of the crofs on the back. 4. j he dufky brown cimex, without fpots, with a long head, and very long red antennae, and with a body growing narrow beneath the fhoulders. 5. The fmall round-'bodied cimex, variegated with a deep Alining black and white. 6. The fmall flat-bodied blue cimex. 7. The fmall flat-bodied reddifh dmex. 8. The i'mall flat-bodied awe*, with a line of yellow under the belly Ray's Hift. Infect, p. 54. Mouffett, Hift. Infect. Of the other kind of cimices, which have longer and narrow- er bodies, Mr. Ray mentions five kinds: 1. The fmall red dmex, variegated with black fpots. 2, 7'he great red dmex variegated with black, in (freaks as well as fpots. This is three quarters of an inch long, and is' only variegated on and about the fhoulders. 3. The long-bodied flat cimex, with black and red variegations. 4. The fmall red bellied cimex, with a fmgle black fpot in each triangle of the back. 5. The fhort winged cimex, with the violently ftinking fmell. This is about half an inch long. Its antennae are as long as its body, and are.compofedof three joints : the body is rounded and full : the head is fmall : the wings do not reach to more than half the length of the body. It is of a brown colour, but has a line of white running down its middle. Befide thefe, there are two fpecies of water cimices : the firfl; has along body, and its fhoulders are black j the win^s and. the triangle under the fhoulders are of a fhinino- "brown and the hinder pair of legs are very long, and ferve as oars. The other is fmaller, and is of a rounded, but deprefled figure. Its colours are black and a fhining yellow: the antenna are very fhort, and the legs do not feem made for fwimming.

Befide all thefe, which are properly of the dmex kind, there is another fet of infects mentioned by Mr Ray, as nearly ap- proaching to them, and defcribed under the name of cimici- tbrmes mufese. Ray's Hift. Infect, p. 55. See the article

ClMICIFORMIS.

CIMiC'FORMIS mufca, In natural hiftory, a name given by- Mr. Ray to a kind of infects, partly of the fly, and partly of the dmex kind. See Cijvux. Of thefe there are eleven fpe-

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cics defcribed in his hiftory : I. A brown one of half an iflch long, with a fhining body. 2. A black one, with large and round fpots, of a much deeper black. 3. A large one, with a fmall head. The crofs upon the hack is fcarce vifible in this fpecies. Its colour is black. 4. A black-headed one, with fhoulders variegated with black and yellow. 5. A fmall one, with brown fhoulders, and a white line in the middle. 6. A brownifh grey one, with a very elevated neck. 7. A green kind, with black and yellow (freaks upon the fhoulders. !S. A green kind, with a black triangle under the fhoulders, ter- minating in a yellow point. 9. A black-bodied kind, with bluifh wings, and a large yellow fpot at the end of the triangle at the fhoulders. 10. A long and (lender kind, variegated With black and red. 11. A large kind, half an inch long, with blackifh wings and a purple body. Thefe are all found about our hedges in dry places, and area beautiful fet of in- fects. Ray's Hift. Infect, p. 56.

CIMOLIA terra, in natural hiftory, a name by which the an- tients exprefled a very valuable medicinal earth ; but which later ages h:,ve fuppofed to he no other than our common tobacco-pipe clay and fuller's earth. See the articles PiPE- clay and Fuller's earth.

The dmdia terra of the antients was found in feveral of the illands of the Archipelago, particularly the ifland Cimolus, from which it had its name, and which is now called Armn- tiere, and was ufed with great fuccefs in the St. Amhonv's fire, inflammations, and other external afreaions of a like kind, being applied by way of a caiaplafmto the part. They alfo ufed, as we do, what we call ehmslia, or fuller's earth, for the cleaning of cloaths. This earth of the antients, tho* fo long difregarded, and by many fuppofed loft, is however yet very plentiful in Argenticre, Sphiuito, and many other of thofe iflands, and is a marl of a lax and crumbly texture and a pure bright white colour, and very foft to the touch.' It adheres firmly to the tongue, and if thrown into water, raifes a little hiding and ebullition, and moulders into a fine powder. It makes a confiderable effervefcence with acids, and fuffers no change of colour in the fire. Thefe are the charaflers of what the antients called fimply the terra cimolia : but befide this, they had from the fame place another earth, which they thercf .re- called by the fame general name, but diftinguifhed "by the epi- thet purple, jmrpurafcem. This they defcribed to be fattifh, cold to the touch, of a mixed purple colour, and nearly as' hard as a ftone- And this was evidently the fubftance we now call fteatites, or the foap rock, common in Cornwal and alfo in the ifland of Argentiere or Cimolus. Hill's Hift. of Foff. p. 36.

Cimolia alba, the officinal name of the earth of which we now make tobacco-pipes. Its diftinguifbing characters arc, that it is a denfe, compaa, heavy earth, of a dull white colour, and very clofe texture ; it will not cafily break between the lingers, and (lightly ftains the fkin in handling. It adheres firmly to the tongue ; melts very (lowly in the mouth, and is not readily diffufible in water. It is found in many places. That of the ifle of Wight is much elfeemed for its colour. We have vaft plenty of it alfo near Pole in Dorfet- fhire, and near Weddenfbury in StafFordfbire. £fflf& Hift. of Foff p. 18.

CIN/fiDA. in natural hiftory, the name of a ftone found in the head of a fifh, and of a whitifh colour, and oblnrrn- fiw Urc. The antients fuppofed it prefaged tempefls when its°furface looked dufky and obfeure ; and, on the contrary, fair weather when it looked bright and clear.

CINjTDOLOGIA, among the antients, a kind of fatyrical poetry, the chief fubje-a of which were ti.e cinxdi. Htfin. Lex. in voc.

CIN^iDUS, in antiquity, is ufed to fignify a dancer or panto- mime.

At firfl they performed only on the ftage, but afterwards were admitted to the entertainments of princes. Pitife.

ClNjiDUS, in zoology, the name of a fifh common in the Ar- chipelago, about the (bores and rocks, fuppofed by many to be the fame fpecies with ihe alpbeftes, and of the turdus kind on- ly with its back fin prickly all its length. It is of a yellowifh hue all over, blended and variegated with an admixture of pur- ple ; its fcales arc rounded and indented, and its teeth very ftrong and firm, and difpofed in two rows in each jaw, and are long and (harp Belionius de Aquat. p. 132

C1NARA, artieboak, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the charaflers of which are thefe : the flower is of the flofcu- lous kind, or compofed of numbers of fmall flofcules, which are divided into many figments at the end, and ftand upon em- bryo feeds, and are contained in a fcaly, and ufually a prickly general cup. The feeds are winged with down ; to this it is to be added, that there is a peculiar appearance and habit of the plant, by which it is readily diftinguifhed from the common thirties

The fpecies of cinara enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe: 1. The cornmqn fmooth-leaved garden cinara. 2. The common fmooth gatden cinara, with purple heads. ' -.' The prickly garden cinara. 4. The large Luglifh cinara. 5. The prickly cinara, with eatable ftalks. "b. The broad leaved wild cinara. 7. The wild Bartic cinara. 8. The wild Cretic ci- nara. And, 9. The fmalleft Portugal cinara, with the ap- 3 pearanc