Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/521

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fhould be taken out carefully, after a great deal of playing, otherwife the tackle will be in danger j a beetle, or any large fly will anfwer the purpofe in the place of a grafshoppcr, and if there are none of them to be had, the method of fifhing muff be altered, and the line be long enough for fifhing at the bot- tom. In March and April this fiih is to be caught with large red worms ; in June and July with flies, fnails, and cherries ; but in Auguff. and September the proper bait is good checfc pounded in a mortar, with fome faftron, and a little butter ; fome make a patte of cheefe and Venice turpentine for the chubb in winter, at which feafon this fiih is better than at any other ; the bones are lefs troublefome in this feafon, and the flefh is more firm and better tatted ; the row is alfo well flavoured in general. The angler muff, keep his bait for this fifti at the bottom in cold weather, and near the top in hot, and the fiih will bite eagerly.

CHUCHIA, in zoology, a name given by Cardan, Oviedo, and fome others to the opoflum. See Opossum,

CHUM-mu/, in zoology, a name given by many to the bird called the caprimulgus, or goat-fucker, a very beautiful owl of the fbape of the cuckow. Ray's Ornithol. p. 70. See the article Caprimulgus.

CHUNNA, in the Salic law, is ufed for an hundred ; or ra- ther an hundred pence or denarii : the pecuniary penalties of that law are eftimated by cbunn&, and reduced to folidi, by reckoning forty denarii to the foiidum. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. in voc.

CHURCHESSET. See Churc h-Scot, Cycl.

CHURR-worwz, a name given by fome to the gryllotalpa. See Gryllotalpa.

CHYLE {Cycl.) — Some think that all the grofs fecretions are from the chyle-, and particularly that pus is the product of the chyle, and not of the blood or ferum. See Phil. Tranf. N" 427. §. 2.

CHYMICA materia. See Materia chemica.

CHYMICAL oils. See chemical Oil.

CHYiMOLOGI, among the botanical ftudents, fuch as have employed their timein inveftigating thequalities and properties of plants from their tafte and fmell. Linn. Fund. Bot. p. 3.

CHYTLA, %stx«, in antiquity, a liquor made of wine and oil, and fometimes ufed in divination. Pott. Archa;ol. Gnec 1.2. c. 18.

CHYTRI, among the Athenians, a feftival in honour of Bac- chus and Mercury, kept on the thirteenth of the month An- thefterion. Hofm. Lex, in voc.

CIBDELOPLACIA, in natural hiitory, the name of a penus of fpars. The word is derived from the Greek ki&Wa©-, impure, and nZaE, a cruft. The bodies of this genus are ter- rene fpars, that is, are compofed of fpar, debated by a very large admixture of earth, and are not therefore of the leaft brightnefs or tranfparence, and are found formed into thin crufts, coating over vegetable and other extraneous bodies in form of incruftations. Of this genus there are five known fpecies, fome of them ufed in medicine, and diftinguifhed by particular names. 1. A greyifh white friable one, with a tu- berous furface. This is found in England, Ireland, aud Ger- many ; fometimes incrufting various bodies in fprings, and fometimes in marl pits. 2. A fmooth, friable, whitifh brown one, found in the marl pits of Derbyfhire, and in fome fprings in Northamptonfhire. 3. A hard, pale brown, thick and rough one, which is the ofteocolla of the fhops. See Osteo- colla. 4. A white, grey, friable one, called the foflile uni- corn by authors See Unicornu/o^?/c. ;. A whitifh brown tuberofe, and unequal cora'liform one, called erdmangon by the Germans. This is very common in the brick day pits about London, and is ranged by Dr. Woodward very oddly among the cruftated, ferrwgineous bodies: the workmen call this race or rar.ee. Hill"!, Hiftory of Foffils, p. 356.

CIBDELOSTRACIA, in natural hiftory, the name of a eenus of fpars. The word is derived from the Greek mSJsft©., fouled or adulterated with extraneous mattec, and L^im, a cruft or fhell.

The bodies of this genus are cruftaceous fpars, fo highly de- bafed with earth, that they appear to the naked eye mere earths ; they are deftitute of all brightnefs or tranfparence, and are formed into thin plates, and ufually found incruitins; over the fides of fifliires of flone.

Of this genus there are feven known fpecies. 1. A hard browniih white one much of the nature and ftrucrure of the oiicocolla of the fhops, and found in many parts of Germany coating over the tops and fides of fubterraneous caverns. 2 A hard and whitifh one, with thin crufts, and a fmooth furface. This is found in many parts of Germany and England on the fides and roofs of caverns. 3. A hard, pale, brown one, with very numerous thin crufts, found alfo in many parts of Eng- land 4. A white, light, and friable one, found in Germany and England. 5. A light, hard, pale brown one. with a fmooth furface. This is very common in form of incruftations on mofs, and other fubftanccs, in feveral of our fprings. 6. A whitifh friable one, with a rougher furface, found in firm of crufts in the caverns on Mendip hills, and in incruftations on vegetable bodies in many parts of Gloucefterfhirc. And, 7. Suppl. Vol. I.

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A brownifh white friable one, with a dufty furface, found fre- quently in Ireland. Hill's Hift. of Fofi". p. 3+9. UrlORIA, »& v u > i t i antiquity, the large huflc-of Egyptian beans, which are faid to have been fo large as to ferve for drink- ing cups, whence they had their name ciboritim, fiemfyine

rrRni?ri l ! 1 ^ heEgypth " ,k,1 E" a g e - ?■''£■*** Ant. in voc. Sir. M ' ln ccelefiaitical writers, the covering for the altar. 1 his covering is fupported by four high columns ', and forms a kind of tent for the eucharift, in the Romifh churches. Some authors call it turris gejlatoria, and others pyxis b. But the pyxis is properly the box in which the eucharift is preferred, rrcr ', La "S'' Glo(r Lat - " Magri, vocaboli ccclef.J UBUS fenaln, in antiquity, an entertainment peculiar to a fu- neral; tor which purpofe, beans, parflcv, lettuce, breadj eggs,

nr-Tn a " d falt were '" ufe - p '"' lc - Lex - Ant - in voc - CICAiJA, the I aim cricket, in zoology, the name of an infefl common in Italy, and fome other parts of the world ; but not found in England. It has large wings, and makes a loud noife, iomethinghke that of the cricket. See Tab. of Jnfeas, N° c. and Harvest^.

They are recommended by fome in medicine as remedies for colics, powdered, and mixed with pepper; or burnt to afhes alone, are given in nephritic cafes. Dale, Pharm. ; c 7. Schro- dcr, Pharm. 196. Cicada aquatica, the water graf -hopper, a name very injudicious- ly given by Rondeletius to an animal found frequently in ftandmg waters. It is of a greyifh colour, with fix legs, and the appearance of the rudiments of wings; it is remarkable for having alfo a fort of mafic before the face, which it removes or lifts up at pleafure. It is a poor defencelefs animal, and is a prey to almoft all the other water animals, even to many that arefmaller than itfelf; it has no fort of relation to the grafshopper ; but is the hexapode, or worm flate of one of the hbellae, or dragon Hies. Sec Libella. This infect has fix legs, and the hinder pair are much longer than the others, and are ufed in fwimmiag as oars, in the manner of thole of the notonecta. CICADUI A, in natural hiftory, the name given by Mr. Rayto a (mail fpecies of infect, called by Swammerdam, heufta pu- lex, and found in May and June on the itaiks and leaves of plants, involved in a fpumous white matter, commonly call d cuckow fpit. "I his fptime is not exfudated, as lorn, luppofe, from the plant, but trom the mouth of the animal, and if it be well wiped away, without injuring the creature, more will oe immediately feen iiTuing out of its mouth, tiii there is as laree a quantity of it as before. 6

There are feveral fpecies of this animal, and while they lye in froth they are of the fhapeof aloufe, fome being of a whitiih fomeof ayellowifh,andiomeof agreen colour. Theirhinderlc4 are fomewhat larger than the others, and there is an appearance of the rudiments of wings at the fhoulders. They often change their fkins while they live in this froth, and only creep at this time; but when they leave the plant, they hop and fly, havmo- large wings which cover the whole body. Hay's Hilt Inle'-° p. 67. CICA PRISANTIA, in medicine. See Cicatrisive, Cyc'. CICATRIX [Cycl.) — In large wounds, where theie has oeen'a a lots ot fubftance, an even cicatrix is not to be expected with- out great care in the furgeon. When an even thick and white matter appears in the wound, it is to be drellcd either every day, or every other day, as occalion mail require ■ die fuperfluous matter muft at every dreffing be wiped away with a very light hand ; and it is indeed much better to leave fome of it in the wound, th .11 to treat that roughly in the taking it away ; for wiping the wound too roughly, hinders the Growth of new flefh ; but a little matter being left, only performs the ofKce of oil or balfam, in keeping the parts moitt. Tliefe rules being obferved, new flefh will prefently fpring up, and the wound unite : but that an even cicatrix may be procured, the furgeon muft endeavour by degrees to harden the new nefh by the application of a dry lint, covered with a tight bandage When this does not prove fumcient, it may b t proper to ufe fome of the drying balfams, or drying powders, fuch as tu.;-- lapis calaminaris, maftich, colophony, &c. Rectified fpt'rit of wine is frequently ufed for this purpofe alfo, with ereat fuc- cefs, for it carries a very great aitringent and dryinc virtue with it. Heiftj Surg. p. 41. See Wound. CICATRIZING, in medicine. See Cicatrisive Cycl. CICER, the chicb pea, in botany the name of aoenus of plants the characters of which are thefe: the flower is of the pjp|! lionaceous kind, and its piftil finally becomes a fhort'pod which feems as if inflated with wind, and contains feveral feeds, fomewhat refembling in ihape the head of a ram. The fpecies of deer enumerated by Mr. Tourncfort, are thefe' 1. The common white-flowered cultivated deer. 2. The cul- tivated deer, with purpliili red flowers, and red feeds. 2 The cultivated deer, with brown feeds. 4. The cultivated cicer with deep red feeds. 5. The cultivated cicer, with black feeds' See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 10. Tount. inft. p 2S0 The antient Hebrews made ufe of chich peaje as their common provifion, when they took the field. 1 hey parched them and fo eat them. At this day in Egypt, when people undertake a journey, they lay in a good ftock of chich pcaje, parched in a

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frying