Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/516

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Overlaying ^"Children. This is a misfortune which frequent- ly happens ; to prevent which the Florentines have contrived Arl inftrument called araiccio. Sec Arcuccio.

CHILD- blains. See Perniones.

CHILIARTyE, in church hiftory, the fame with millenarii. See Millrnarii, Cycl

CHILIAGON, in geometry, a regular plane figure of ioco fides and angles. Though the imagination cannot form a diftinct idea of fuch a figure, yet we may have a very clear notion of it in the mind, and can eafily demonflrate, that the fum of all its angles are equal to 1996 right ones ; for the internal angles of every plane figure are equal to twice as many right angles as the figure hath fides, except thofe four which are about the center of the figure, from whence it may be refolved into as many tri- angles as it has fides. The author of V Jrt. de Penfer, p. 44» 4^. brings this inilance to {hew the diftinclion between ima- gining and conceiving. See Notion.

CHELTENHAM water contains a neutral purgative fait, fome- what rcfcmbling Glauber's fal mirabile. It contains no alka- line;, nor acid fait, no iron, copperas, norbrimftone. They are thought ufeful in lax conflitutions, where the humours are al- calefccnt, but hurtful when acefcent. See Phil. Tranf. N J 46 [. Se£t. 21. and the remarks,

CHILON, Ks.Ai."., among the Greek phyfiologcrs, one who has great lips, called by the Latins labeo. Thus alio among the fpecies of fillies under the clafs of capitones, fome are called chilones- that is labeones. Cajlcl. Lex. in voc.

CHTMALATH, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the great corona Jilts, or fun-flower.

CHIMERA (Cycl.) is ufed in writers of the middle age for a kind of veffel or fhip. It feems to have been lefs than the chelan- dium. Du Conge, Gloff. Lat.

CHIMPANZEES, in natural hiftory, the name of an Angolan animal very much approaching to the human figure, hut of a fierce difpofitlon, and remarkably mifchievous. In the year i/^B. we had one of rhefe creatures brought over into Eng- land by the captain of a fhip in the Guinea trade ; it was of the female lex, and was two foot four inches high : it naturally walked erccvt, and was hairy on fome part of the body and limbs, and of a {hong mufcular make. It would eat very coarfe food, and was very fond of tea, which it drank out of a cup with milk and fugar, as we do ; it flept in the manner of the human fpecies, and in its voice made fome imitation of the human fpecch, when people fpeak very haftily, but without any articulate founds. The males of this fpecies are very bold, and will fight a man, though they fee him armed. It is faid that they often fet upon, and ravifb the negro women when they meet them in the woods. The creature we faw here was but about twenty months old, and very tame ; the parent had it in her arms in the country, and did not part with it till flic was killed with a fpear by one of the moors : flic was five feet high. Act. Eruditor, Germ. Ann. 1739.

CHINA ware. See Porcelake, Cycl and Suppl.

Gilding on China. See Gilding on China.

Party China. See Party.

CHIN-COUGH (-Cycl) — In the chin-cough Dr Huxham ufes the common evacuations, and propofes to cor reel: the lentor of the blood, and to flrcngthen the nerves and ftomach by mercurials, the cortex and proper itomachics. Obf. de Aere & morb. Epid,

Dr. Burton declares againft bleeding, vomiting, and purging in the chin-cough, except in very urgent cafes ; the medicine which he fays, has had great fuccefs, is a fcruplc of fine powder of eantharides, and as much camphor, mixed with three drams of the extract of jefuits bark. Of this mixture he gives eight or nine grains to children every third or fourth hour, in a fpoonfull of fome 1 Ample water, or fome julep, in which a little balfarn of capivi had been diholved. He fays this method is not proper in fuch chin- coughs as proceed from thin fliarp rheum, but, he believes, that in the chin-cough from a tough vifcid phlegm, it will fcarce ever fail, at leaft it has not failed yet, Med. Eil". Edinb.

CH'NE, in the manege, is ufed for the back-bone, or the ridge of the hack of a horfe. The French call it echine, and the an- tient Italian matters effyuine. Gui'l. Gent. Diet P. 1. in voc.

CHIO pear, a name given to a final! fpecies of pear called alfo by fome the baftard mulk pear, from its refembling the little mufk pear in its fweet flavour. Its fkin is yellow fireaked with red, it is of a round ifh fhape, and does not hang in clufters, but fingly on the tree.

CHIPPING, a phrafe ufed by the potters and China-men to ex- prefs that common accident both of our own ftone and earthen ware, and the porcelain of China, the flying off of fmall pieces, or breaking at the edges. Our earthen wares are par- ticularly fubjeci to this, and are always fpoiled by it before any other flaw appears in them. Our ftone wares efcape it better chari thefe, but lefs than the porcelain of China, which is lels fubject to it than any other manufacture in the world. 'Hie method by which the Chinefe defend their ware from this accident, is this : they carefully burn fome fmall bambou canes to a fort of charcoal, which is very light, and very black j this they reduce to a fine powder, and then mix it into a thin pafie, with fome of the varnifh which they ufe for their ware. they next take the vefiels when dried, and not yet baked, to the'

wheel, and turning them foftly round, they, with a pencil dipt in this paite, cover the whole circumference with a thin coat of it: after this, the vefiel is again dried, and the border made with this palle appears of a pale grcyifh colour when it is thoroughly dry. They work on it afterwards in the com- mon way, covering loth this edge and the reft of the veiTtl with the common varnim. When the whole is baked on, the colour given by the allies difappears, and the edges are as white as any other part ; only when the baking has not been fufficient, or the edges have not been covered with the fecond varnifhing, we fometimes find a duiky edge, as in fome of the ordinary thick tea cups.

It may be a great advantage to our Englifh manufacturers to attempt fomething of this kind. The willow is known to make a very light and black charcoal ; but the elder, tho' a thing feldom ufed, greatly exceeds it. The young green moots of this fhrub, which are almoft all pith, make the lighted and the blackeft of all charcoal; this eafdy mixes with any liquid, and might be eafily ufed in the fame way that the Chi- nefe ufe the charcoal of the bambou cane, which is a light hollow vegetable, more refembling the elder flioots than any other Englifh plant. It is no wonder that the fixed fait and oil contained in this charcoal fliould be able to penetrate the yet raw edges of the ware, and to give them in the fubfequent baking a fomewhat different degree of vitrification from the other parts of the vefiel, which, tho' if given to the whole, it might take off from the true femivitrified ftate of that ware, yet at the edges is not to be regarded, and only fcrves to de- fend them from common accidents, and keep them entire. The Chinefe ufe two Cautions in this application; the firff in the preparation ; the fecond. in the laying it on. 1 hey pre- pare the bambou canes for burning into charcoal, by peeling off the rind. This might eafily be done with cur elder flioots, which are fo fucculent, that the bark ftrips off with a touch. The Chinefe fay, that if this is not done with their bambou, the edges touched with the palTe will burft in the baking : this does not fecm indeed very probable ; but the charcoal will certainly be lighter made from the peeled flicks, and this is a known advantage. The other caution is, never to touch the veffel with hands that have any greafy or fatty fubftance about them ; for if this is done, they always find the veffel crack in that place. Obf. fur les Cout. de 1'Afie. .

CHIPOTENSIS, the fame with chapotenjis. See Chapotensis.

CHIPPINGAVEL, or Cheapincavei, in our old writers, toll paid for buying and felling. Blount.

CHIRAMAXIUM, in antiquity, a kind of chariot or convey- ance, which was drawn by men inftead of horfes. Pitt/ci Lex. Ant, in voc. The word is derived from x«g, the hand, and «/*«!«, a chariot.

CH1RCHSED. See Church-Scot, Cycl.

CHIR1TES, in natural hi (lory, a name given by authors to a ftone refembling the human hand. The accounts we have of it fay, that it is of a white colour, and of the nature of gyp- fum or plaifter-ftone, and that it reprefents the palm of the hand, with the fingers, and their nails on the ether fide. This feems to have been a name given to fome fingle fpecimen in a cabinet of fome collector; for it is certainly no diftincl fpecies of foflil, but a mere lufus naturae, in the configuration of fome accidental piece of gypfum. Imagination will do much in aflifling refemblances of this kind ; and if one would give way to it, we might name in this manner flones of one kind or other from all the parts of the human body. As thefe, however, are not different fpecies, this way of giving them peculiar names is of great hurt to the Hu^y of foflils, as it confounds the memory with uhneceflary diffi net ions.

CHIRONIA, in botany, a name by which fome have called the black bryony. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

CHIRON IUM, in medicine, is fometimes ufed to fignify a great ulcer, and of difficult cure. Blanc.

CH1RONOMI, Xeigowfwt, on the Grecian ffage, were thofe ac- tors who performed without ufing words, by the motions of the hand. Hofm. Lex. in voc. See Chironomia.

CHIRONOMIA, in antiquity, the art of reprefentmg, by the motions of the hand and other gelturcs of the body, any paft tran'aclion, whether of true or fabulous hiftory. This made a part of a liberal education among the antients : it had the approbation of Socrates, and was ranked by Plato among the political virtues. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. in voc.

CHIROTHECA. See Glove, Cycl and Suppl

CHISELY land, in agriculture, a term appropriated to that fort of land which breaks, when it is turned up by the plough, in- to pieces like the chips made by the {lone-cutter's chizzel in the hewing of ftoncs. It is of a middle nature, between the fandy land that falls off from the plough-fhare, like bran or faw-duft, and the clayey, that is raifed in large glebes. It is of feveral colours, grey, brown, reddifh, and black Mh, and ufually contains a large quantity of fand, and no fmall number of pebbles. Mereten's North, p. 39.

CHIESEE, in botany, the name of a Chinefe tree, called alfo fitfe. SeeSETSE.

Cnl-TUA, in the materia medlca, a name ufed by fome authors for a kind of lignum aloes, which is rcdiih, and of a very fine fceut. Dale, Pharm. p. 44-8.

CHIU-