Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/515

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that the Egyptians imitated the cherubim: of the Hebrews m rhe reprefentation of their fphinx's and their hteroglyphical animals. All the feveral defctiptions which the fcripture gives us of cherubims differ from one another; but all agree in reprefent- ing them as a figure compofed of various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle, and a lion. Such were the cherubims defcribed by Ezekiel e. Thofe which Ifaiah faw f, and are called fera- pbims by him, had the figure of a man with. fix wings, with two whereof they covered their faces, with two more they covered their feet, and with the two others they flew. Thofe which Solomon placed in the temple of Jerusalem s 3 are fup- pofed to have been pretty nearly in the fame form. Thofe which St. John defcribes in the Revelations, were al! eyes be- fore and behind, having each fix wings. The firft was in the form of a lion, thefecond of a calf, the third of a man, and the fourth of an eagle. — [ a Ezek. i. 10. compared with Ezek. x. 14. b Rev. iv. 6. 7. c Antiq. 1. iii. c. 6. p. 83. d Clem. Alexandr. 1. 5. Stromal c Ezek. i. 5. feq. & x. 20, 21. f Cap. vi. ver. 2. s 1 Kings vi. 23.]

The figure of the cherubims was not always uniform, fince they are differently defcribed in the fbapes of men, eagles, oxen, lions, and in a compofition of all thefe figures put to- gether. Mofes likewife calls thefe fymbolical^or hierogly- phical reprcfent.tions, which werereprefented in embroideries upon the veils of the tabernacle, cherubims of coftly work a. Such were the fymbolical figures which the Egyptians placed at the gates of their temples, and the images of the generality of their gods, which were commonly nothing but ftatues compofed of men and animals b. — [ 3 Exod. xxvi. 1. b Vid. Calmet. Diet. Bib!.]

Qmnigenwnqite dstttn monjlra, (if latrator Anubis. Virf. .ffineid. 8.

CHERUBIM. Sec Cherub.

CHERVIL, charophytlum, in botany, the name of a genus of um- belliferous plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the rofaceous kind, compofed of feveral leaves irregular infize, and difpofed in a circular form on a cup, which after- wards becomes a fruit compofed of two feeds, refembling the beak of a bird, not frriated, but fometimes rough, fometimes fmooth, and gibbofe on one fide, and flat on the other. The fpecies of chervil enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe: 1. The common cultivated chervil. 2. The wild pe- rennial, hemlock-leaved chervil, called by authors the fmooth- feeded myrrhis. 3. The wild chervil, with fhort hairy

' feeds. 4. The Sicilian chervil, with leaves likeflixweed, and with hairy feeds. 5. The wild chervil, with ftalks fwelling into knots at the joints, called by fome the rough- feeded, knotty-ftalked myrrhis Toum. Inft. p. 314. The common garden chervil flowers in May and June. Its leaves and feeds are ufed in medicine; the feed contains the principal virtue of the plant, and is efteemed a great medicine in jaundices and dropfics. It is very certain that it is a pow- erful diuretic, and a promoter of the menfes. It refolves co- agulated blood, and generally difpofes the perfon to deep. It is ufed alfo externally in fomentation in colicky pains and re- tention of urine.-

The leaves of this plant are what the good women call fweet fern, from which they diff.il a water, and efteem it a very great remedy for colic3.

CHESSE-frm, in fhip-builduig, are two fmall pieces of tim- ber with a hole in them, on each fide of the fhip, a little be- fore her Ioof; their ufe is for the main tack to run thorough, and hale it down to. GuilL Gent. Diet. P. 3. in voc.

CHEST- rote, in a fhip, is the fame with the gueff. or gift-rope, and is added to the boat-rope, when the boat is towed at the item of the fhip, to keep her from {hearing, i, c. from fwinging to and fro.

Ch est -ii'crhs. See Caisson, Append.

CHEVALER, in the manege. A horfe is faid to chevaler, when in pafliiging upon a walk* or a trot, his far fore-leg crofles or over-laps the other fore leg every fecond time or mo- tion. GuilL Gent. Diet. P. 1. in voc.

CHEVAN, See Chiun.

CHEVANTIA, in our old law writers, is ufed for a loan or ad- vance of money upon credit.

CHEVAUX dejrije. SeeCHEVAL defrife, Cycl

CHEVILS, or Kevils, in (hip-building. See Kevils.

CHEVIN, a name ufed in fome parts of England for the chubb. Wilhtghby, Hut Pifc. p. 255. See Capito.

CHEVISANCE, in the law of England is faid to be an agree ment, or comppfition, or bargain between a creditor and debtor; but it fcems chiefly to denote an indirect gain, in point of ufu- ry, &c. In our ftatutes it is often mentioned, and moft com- monly ufed for an unlawful bargain or contract. See the fta- tutes againft ufury. Anno 1 2° Anns.

The word is faid to be derived from the law French chevir, to come to the end, or fmifh any thing, in the fame fenfc as the modern French ufc achever. Terms de Ley, & Gomel. Intcrpr. in voc.

CHEVRETTE, in artillery, an engine to raifeguns or mortars into their carriages ; it is made of two pieces of wood of about four feet long, (landing upright upon a third, which is fquare ; they are about a foot afunder and parallel, and are pierced with holes exactly oppofite to one another, having a bolt of iron,

which being put through thefe holes, higher or lower at plea* furc, ferves with a hand-fpike, which takes its poife over this bolt, to raife any thing by force. Guill, Gent. Diet. P. 2. in voc.

CHEWING balls, a fort of balls contrived for horfes to chew 9 not fwallow at once; not intended as food, but as incentives to appetite, and on other medicinal occafions very ufeful to the creature. The receipt now moft efteemed for thefe balls is this : take liver of antimony, and of alia fcetida, of each one pound ; wood of the bay-tree, and juniper wood, of each half a pound; pellitory of Spain, two ounces : let all thefe be pow- dered together ; then add as much fine grape verjuice as is ne- ceilary to make the whole into a pafle. This is to be formed in- to balls of about an ounce and half weight, which are to be dried in the fun. Thefe are the chewing balls, and thefe are to be ufed one at a time in the following manner. T he ball is to be wrapped up in a linnen rag, and a thread is to be fattened. to this, in fuch manner that it may be tied to the bit of the bri- dle, and kept in the mouth : when the bridle is taken off, the horfe will immediately eat, and when one ball iscoafumed an- other is to be tied up, and put in its place till the intent is an- fwered.

CHIA terra. See Terra Chla.

CHIASMOS, x>«0-ft$', in antient Greek medical writers, is the concourfe or meeting of any two things under the form and fi- gure of a crofs, or the letter x chi, whence it is named. The adverbs chiafi pn, and cbia/licos, ^onwr, fignify the fame thing : thus the optic nerves are faid to meet ^mmuk% fo as to crofs each other. Vid. Caji'el.Lex. Medic in voc.

CHIASTOS, gm*, the name of a bandage inOribafius, focalled from its refembling a crofs, or the letter x. Cajl. Lex. Med. in voc.

Chias : os, in rhetoric, the fame with what is otherwife called diallelos. See Diallelos.

CHI AUSI, among the Turks, officers employed in executing the -vizirs, bafh::ws,andothergrcat men ; the orders fordoing which the Grand Signior fends diem wrapped up in a black cloth, on the reception of which they immediately perform their office. Hofm. Lex. in voc.

CHICK.-wW. See the article Alsine.

CHICUATLI, in zoology, the Indian name of a bird defcribed bv Nieremberg, and by him called noF.ua canora. Its beak is long', black, and ilender; its head is marked with undulated ftreaks of yellow near the eyes. Its breaft and belly are of a whitifh colour, and it has fome black feathers intermixed with white ones on the throat ; its back is variegated with black, yellow, and grey. It is found principally among the mountains. It generally is found running about the ground, and is eafily bred in cages, and feeds on any thing that h offered it. It is moft frequent in the hotter climates, and is ufually fat and of good nourifhment. Rays Ornithol. p. 305.

CHIEPA, in zoology, a name ufed by fome authors for the fiih more ufually known by the name of the alaufa, and called in Englifh the fhad, or the mother of herrings. Willughby, Hift. Pifc. p. 227. See the articles Shad and Agonus.

CHIFFIR,orCHiFjR, according to Libavius 3, in the preparation of the philofophers ltone, is called lapis animalis, as the mineral is called chaos minerak. Johnfon fays, that the cbtfir minerals is by fome interpreted gold, but that he rather takes it to be any fulphur of the metalline kind b. — [ a Synt. Art. Chym. c. S. h CafleL Lex. Med. in voc]

CHIFUNG,among theChinefe, the name of an herb found about Canton, by which the failors pretend to know how many ftorms will happen every year. This they do from the num- ber of knots or joints, for according as thefe are more or lefs in number, fo will the number of ftorms be ; and from the di- flances of the knots from the root, they determine what months the ftorms will fall in. Hofm Lex. in, voc.

CHILD {Cycl.) — Petrified Child. Bartholine,Pare,Licetus, and many other writers, give an account of a petrified child, which has feemed wholly incredible to fome people. The child however, which they defcribe, is ftill in being, and is kept as a great rarity in the king of Denmark's mufeum at Copenhagen. The woman who went big with this lived at Sens in Cham- paign in the year 1582 j it was cut out of her belly, and was univerfally fuppofed to have lain there about twenty years: That it is a real human foetus, and not artificial, is evident to the eye of any obferver, and the upper part of it, when examined, is found to be of a fubllance refembling the gypfum or ftone of which they make the plaifter of Paris ; t.-e lower part is much harder ; the thighs and buttocks being perfect ftone, of a redifh colour, and as hard as common quarry ftone ; the grain and furface of this part appears exactly like that of the calculi, or ftoncs taken out of human bladders; and the whole fub- ftance examined ever fo nearly, and felt ever fo carefully, ap- peals to be abfulute ftone. It was carried from Sens to Paris, and there pu; chafed by agoldfmith of Venice ; and Frederick. the Third, king of Denmark, purchafed it at Venice of this man for a very large fum, and added it to his collection of ra- rities. Philof. Tranf. N° 285. p. 1400. Expojing ^/"Children. See the article Exposing. Naming of Child n. en- See the article Naming. Provijionfor Joldiers Children. See Soldier.