Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/512

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leeward fhip, and fo lofe her that way. If the chafe be fount.' right a-head, and fo the chaferbe put to a ftern-cfej/e, then the belt failor (hall carry it, if there be fea-room and day-light Being come up clofe with the ehafy endeavour to croft her fore-foot, and by that means you will both hinder her way, and avoid the fury of her ordnance, (except thofe in her chafe) and ufe your own, if required, to more advantage; and that as well your chafe-pieces, at your firft getting up within reach, as your broadfidc and quarter-pieces, as you pafs thwart her hawfe, and fcour her decks from ftem to ftern. If fhe makes away from von, plyyourguns, as many aspofFiblc, at her foils, yards, marts, and general tackling ; and being near, fpare not your cafe-mot, or crofs-bar fhot, to make the greater damage. Guill. Gent. Diet. P, 3. in voc. See alfo Manwar. Seam. Di&.

CHASME, orCHAsMOSj X<w#.r s or xawpf, among anticnt phyficians, denotes ofcitat'ion, or gaping. Hippocrates informs us, that long refpiration is a cure for continual ofeitation. Cap. Lex. in voc. See Chasme.

CHASTE-/r«. See the article Vitex.

CHASTISEMENTS, or Corrections, in the manege, are the fevere and rigorous effects of the aids ; for when the aids are given with feverity, they become punirtimcnts. Guill. Gent Diet, in voc.

CHATE, in botany, a name given by fome authors to a fpecies of wild cucumber, called by others cucumis Mgyptius rotunch- folius, the round-leav'd cucumber of Egypt. Sec Cucumis.

CHAT-PARD, in natural birtory, a creature of the leopard kind. SeeCATUs^fffv/aj and Leopard. The French academicians, who dlffected this creature with great care, found a defect of fpermatic vefl'els, and other parts abfolutely neceffary to generation, and this not proceeding from caftration, but from fome other caufe. The fterility which is ordinary in fome of thofe animals which arc born of two different fpecies, mult have in this fubject a very particular caufe.

That which renders mules fteril, is not the defect of any of the organs neceflary to generation ; in regard that the diffe- rence which may be found in the conformation of a mare, and of that of a fhe-afs, cannot, as fome pretend, be a ground of this caufe of fterility ; the mare, in which fomething is de- ficient that is found in the fhe-afs, not being however deftitute of any of the parts abfolutely neceflary to engender, becaufe it doth engender, and the difference of the organs being not the caufe of barrennefs ; for as much as the difference of or- gans which is between the fpecies of horfes and affes, hinders not the breeding of mules, which are the product of both fpecies. Whence Ariftotle, following Empedocles, imputes this defect only to the temperament of thofe animals, whofe parts have contracted a hardnefs that renders them incapable to contribute to a new mixture. So that if it be true, that moft of the animals which are produced by the mixture of two kinds, are notwithstanding furnifhed with the organs of gene- ration ; it is probable, that the defect of tbe f e organs in this chat-pard was peculiar and accidental. The mule fecms to be the only animal which the confufion of fpecies has rendered barren ; and if fo, there muff neceffarily be fomething parti- cular in thofe animals that have engendered it, which is not found in others; and that is, perhaps, as Ariftotle thinks, the hardnefs of the matrix in mares and affes, which, like an earth, is rendered fleril by drynefs ; whereas that reafon has no place in leopards, foxes, and the like, which animals are fruitful enough to tranfmit to their potter ity the ffrongdifpofi- tions they have for generation, notwithstanding the refinance which the mixtures of the fpecies may bring with it. Bitfield's Hirt. of Animals.

CHATUS, in middle-age writers, a kind of gold coin. Peirefe fays, Nata, qu* audit an. 1465. les efpeces de mtmnous, qui cou roient pour lors, etoient telles ; fcavolr, Arnulfius, vdlants un du- cat & dtmi prelce. 98 ducats faifaient 208 1. "Jrcis Lions valoient 7I. Trois efcus, un Florin de pape^ fc? un .florin chatti valoient 8ff. is.

Chatus was alfo called by fome French writers, mailles att chat.

Du Cange makes it a queffion, whether the chains was the fame coin as the chapoienfn, and fuppoies that the latter might be formed from chati pittavenfes ; in French, chats de poiton. SeeGloff Lat. in voc.

CHATZINZARII, in church hiftory, heretics cf Armenia, who worfhipped the crofs, chazus fignifying the crols in the Armenian tongue. Hofnu Lex. in voc.

CHAULIODONTA, X*v*u&<&a, among antient naturalifts, Is applied to thofe animals, the teeth of which grow to a great length out of their mouths; as the boar, and the elephant. Galen de Uf. Part. 1. 1. c. 2. Cajl. Lex. in voc.

CHAUMPERT. See Champart.

CHAUNTER. SeeCHANTOR, Cycl. and Suppl.

CHAURUS, orCHoRus, among the Romans, the North-Weft' wind, or that which blew between the wind called favonius and the North. Hofm. Lex. in voc.

CHAUSSE' trop-ba->t, in the manege : a white-footed horfe is faid to be fuch, when the white marks run too high upon the legs. Guill. Gent. Diet. P. 1. in voc. CHAYQUARONA, in zoology, a name given by the Portu-

guefeto a fifth of the turduskind, caught on theBrafilianihores, and more frequently called by authors by its Brafilian name, piraumbu. Mav's Ichthyogr. p. 328. See Piraumeu.

CHKCKKR-courfe, in brick-making. See Brick.

CHEEK {Cycl.) — The wounds of the cheeks, if fmall, maybe cured by means of the dry future ; but if very large, will re- quire the bloody one, to bring their lips toy; ether : they are then eafily healed with vulnerary balfams. But if it happen that one of Steno'sfali vary ducts is wounded in its paffage acrofs the cheek from the parotid gland, the conltant difcharge of fa- liva into the wound will prevent the cure, till the duct is per- forated in the internal part of the check., to make a paffage for the faliva into the mouth. This method is propofed by Che- felden in his anatomy, ffeijiers Surg. p. Si.

Cheeks, in fhip building, are two pieces of timber, fitted on each fide of the mart, at the top, ferving to ftrengthen the marts there. The uppermort bail or piece of timber in the beak of a fhip, is called the cheek. The knees which faften the beak-head to the bow of the fhip, are called checks; and the fides of any block, or the fides of a fliip's carriage of a gun, are called cheeks.

Upper a nd lower Cheeks, are thofe pieces of timber on each fide of the trail-board. Guill. Gent. Diet. P. 3. in voc. Sec Trail-board, Cycl.

Cheeks of a mortar, or Brackets, in artillery, are made of rtrong planks of wood, bound with thick plates of iron, and are fixed to the bed by four bolts ; they rife on each fide of the mortar, and ferve to keep her at what elevation is given her, by the help of ltrong bolts of iron which go thro' both cheeks^ both under and behind the mortar, betwixt which are driven coins of wood ; thefe bolts are called the bracket-bolts, and the bolts which are put one in each end of the bed, are the traverfe- bolts, becaufe with hand-fpikes the mortar is by thefe traverfed to the right or left, Guill. Gent. Diet. P. 2. in voc.

CHEESE (Cycl.)— The Laplanders make a fort of chcefe of the milk of their rain deer, which is not only of great fervice to them as food, but on many other occaftons. It is a very com- mon thing in thefe fevere climates to have a limb numbed and frozen with the cold; their remedy for this is, the heating an iron red hot, and thrufting it thro* the middle of one of thefe cheefes ; they catch what drops out, and with this anoint the limb, which focn recovers it. They are fubject alfo to coughs and difeafes of the lungs, and thefe they cure by the fame fort of medicine: they boil a large quantity of the chcefe in the frefh deer's milk, and drink the decoction in large draughts, warm, feveral times a day. They make a leis rtrong decoction of the fame kind alfo, which they ufe as their common drink for three or four days together at feveral times of the year. They do this to prevent the mifchiefs they are liable to from their wafer, which is otherwifc their conltant drink, and is not good; tho' to prevent mifchief from it, they often drink fuch as has had both flefh and fifth boiled in it. Their tafte is not delicate, and their difeafes, as well as their remedies^ are few. Scbeffir's Lapland.

CHEEVANCE. See Chevisance.

CHEGGIO, in botany, a name given to a fort of lactcfcent plant, common in Cambaya. It is reported by authors, and by the people of the country, that thofe knobs and beards of this plant which grow facing the north, are a very noble medicine in the cure of apoplexies and other nervous diforders, but that thofe knots and beards of the fame plant which look fouth- ward are poifonous. Redi proved fome of this famous plant, and gave it feveral fair trials, but found the hiftory uf its na- ture and effects wholly faffe, Redi Experienz.

CHEILOCACE, among phyficians, literally fignifies the Up-evil. It is a (welling of the lips, to which the inhabitants of northern countries, efpecially children, are faid to be very fubject ; par- ticularly thofe in England and lrel nd, if we may credit Caf- tellus. Caftcl. Lex. Med. in voc, who quotes jim. Bootii de affectib. omiff c. 10.

CHLKA.O, in natural hiftorv, the name of an earth found in many parts of the Eaft Indies and ibmetimes nfd by the Chi- nefe in their porcelain manufactures It is a hard and ftony earth, and the manner of ufing it is this : they firft calcine it in an open furnace, and then beat it to a fine powder. 'I his powder they mix with large quantities of water, and flirring the whole together, they let the coarfer part fubiide, and pour- ing off the reft, yet thick as cream, they leave it to fettle, and ufe the matter at the bottom, which is found in form of a foft parte, and will retain that humidity a long time. This fupplies the place of the earth called hoache, in the making that ele- gant fort of China ware which is all white, and has flowers which feem formed by a mere vapour within its furface- The manner of their ufing it is this : they firft make the veffcl of the common matter of the manufacture; when this is aim oft dry, they paint upon it the flowers, or whatever other figures they pleafe, with a pencil dipt in this preparation of the chekao ; when this is thoroughly dry, they cover the whole veffcl with the varnifh, in the common way, and bake it ai ufual. The confequence is, that the whole is white ; bur the body of the veffcl, the figures, and the varnifh, being three different fub- ftances, each has its own particular white, and the fljwers being painted in the fineft white of all, are diitin-fily jeep thro'

the