Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/509

 CHA

it moves very nimbly. Its tail when inflated is round as that Of a rat or fnake, when empty, it is very lank, and has three longitudinal ridges running along it, which are owing to the apcphyfes of the fpine. This tail is a great fafety to the crea- ture on trees, as it twills it round the branches when in any danger of falling. SeeTab. of Quadrupeds and Serpents,N J 2e.. 7 he accounts given by the anticnts, and later writers, of the long hollow tongue of the chameleon, which it can dart with fuch celerity totakeflics, by means ofa fpongy nodule at the end, is found on expertence,oftnofe who have kept the creature alive, to be true. Thcfe among the former therefore, who fuppofed the chameleon lived on the air only, were greatly miftaken ; fome, of late, have alfo favoured this opinion becaufe of the long time the creature will live without food ; but this is the cafe with all the ferpent kind alfo, which yet we know to eat folid food when they can get it. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 276. See Cameleon.

As to the change of colour in this creature, on its approaching different objects, the accounts are erroneous ; it is indeed liable to changes of colour from other caufes, as from cold, ficknefs. and the like, but not from any external object.

CHAMEPITYS. See Chamjepitys.

C HAMOIS, in zoology, is ufed by fome, particularly theFrench tor the creature from whole ftin the chamois leather is made. SeeTab. of Quadrupeds and serpents, N» 8. and Rui'lCAPRA

CHAMOS, or Chemi sh, tbe-idol.or god of the Moabitcs. 7 he name of ( homos comes from a root which, in Arabic, fio-. nines to mnke hajlc, for which reafon many believeCferoiw to be the fun,_ whofe precipitate courfe might well procure it the name of fwift or fpeedy. I thers have confounded Chamas with the god Hmnmai, adored not only in Libya, and Egypt, but alfo in Arabia, Ethiopia, and the Indies. Ltum. Phar'f. 1. 9. Macrobius fh.ev.-s that Hammon was the fun, and the horns with which he was reprefented denoted his rays Calmct is of opinion that the god Homanus and Apollo Chomeus, men- tioned by Strabo and Ammianus Mareellinus, was the very fame as chamos, or the fun. Thcfe deities were worfhipped in many of the eaftern provinces. Some, who go upon the re- femblance of the Hebrew term Chamos with "the G reek arms, have believed Chamos to fignify the god Bacchus, the god of drunkennefs, according to The fignification of the Greek -corns St. Jerom, and with him moil interpreters, take Chamos and Peer for the fame divinity. But it feems that Baal Peor was the fame as Tammuz or Adonis ; fo that Chamos mull be the god whom the heathens call the fun.

They who derive this word from the Hebrew camos, with a caph, mem, and famech, pretend that it iignifies the hidden god, or Pluto, whofe abode is in hell. In this fenfe it will fig- nify the fame as Tammuz, and is taken for Adonis ; becaule this god was adored as one that had been concealed and buried in a cuffn, then raifed from the dead, and appearing alive again. But the god Chamos is never written in fcripture after the manner we have been fpeaking of, fo as to fismify the hidden god. Calm. Difl. Bibl. °

Farther particulars may be fecn inCalmel's differtation on Baal Peor and Chamos, prefixed to his comment on the book of Numbers.

CHAMPADA, in natural hiflory, the name ofa tree common in the woods of Malacca, and bearing a fruit much valued by the natives. It is a large tree, very lull of branches, and thcfe are very knotty, and, when cut, throw forth a thick and acrid juice like that of the tithymal. The fruit grows on the trunk and thick branches of the tree : the firft appearance toward this is a large button or bud; this by degrees opens into a flow- er confiding ofa great number of leaves, among which, when open, aie feen the rudiments of the fruit ; this appears very Imall at firft, but it foon grows to a very confiderable beliefs, being, when ripe, twelve orfourteen inches long, andasmuch in circumference; it is fhaped much like a melon. The rind is green, and is all over divided into fmall pentagons, in the cen- ter of each of which is a fmall black fpot. The pedicle is thick and woody, and entering into the fubftance of the fruit, it di- vides itfelf into feveral branched fibres, which run through the whole fubftance of it, and meet in a point at the end. With- in this latge fruit there are contained a large number of ker- nels of the fize of our common chefnuts, all hanging together in bunches, foas to refemble a duller of grapes; thefc are con- fined in a narrow compafs, being preffed firmly upon one an- other while the fruit is whole, but as foon as this is cut or burft open, they fly farther afunder, and hang to the ftalkslikc grapes that are placed at a diftance on the bunch, as fome of our ob- long kinds are. 7 he people of Malacca are very fond of this fruit ; they fuck the pulpy matter which furrounds the kernels, and which is of a fweet and lufcious tafte, but of a difagreeable raw fmell. The Indians are very fond of this fruit, as well for its qualities, as its tafte, for it is very heating, and when taken in large quantities, will inebriate people in the fame manner as ftrong liquors. The kernels are much of the nature of our chefnuts, but of a lefs agreeable tafte ; they are eaten by way of

food rather than as a delicacy, and the common way of eating

them is boiled in water. Mem Acad Scienc. Par. 1699. CHAMPAGNE, in heraldry, a name given by Feme, and fom

or.er writers to a line differing from the common lines, an

called alfo :.rd,e, and by Upton, vere, from its refemblance to

. . PPL. \ OL. I.

C H A

tt\^dfter Dr l thatf0rt0ffirwhkhis ^->'>y

CHAMPART, in our old cuftoms, a duty, or tenure, by which he tenant was to pay part of the fruits of the ground to the lord ;_ It is alfo written chaumpcrf, and in the middle age Latin is called campipars, camparcium =. - [« Blount. Law Diet.

lolcitj " 3 "' ^^ T ° m ' '• ''• ltb - C Du C ""S"

CHANCERON in natural hiftory, a name given by the French writers to the fmall caterpillar that eats the com, and does vaft mifchief m their public granaries. The butterfly which pro- duces this creature has white wings with black foots in them. 1 he caterpillar, when firft hatched, is one of the fmalleft that we are acquainted with It fpins a great number of fine threads, as foon as hatched from the egg, and in many of thefc it fattens itfelf to every thing that lies near it Toward the latter end of fummer thefc caterpillars leave the corn and mount up the walls of the granary, where they fearch for a proper place of reft, and when they have pitched upon fuch a one, they eat their way into it, and burying them- ie Ives ina hole, they cover their whole body with a web of hlk of their own fpmning, and there change into a fort of brownilh 1 red chryfalis's. Thefe remain the whole winter without life or motion, but in the months of April and Mav the butterflies hatch out of them, and the males and females couple together, immediately after which the female lays her eggs, and the foundation is laid for a new progeny, who dur- ing the remainder of the fummer, are to deftroy and fpoil the corn, under the form of caterpillars. The fem.de thrufts out a iort o tube from her tail, by means of which fhe onens a way into the grain, and lodges her egg, which in fifteen or f.xtee.i days hatches into the caterpillar ; as foon as hatched, it begins to eat, and devouring greedily.it foon marks the place where it lies by a quantity ol the hulks which it leaves there. Deffdndis. trait. Phyf. J '

CHANCERY (Cycl.) _ Appeals from the decrees of the court of chancery may be brought into the houfe of lords. See House of lords.

The jurifdiaion of this court was impugned about the time of its original creation », and even in the reign of queen Eliza- beth it was ftrongly holden by the judges of the common law courts, that the chancellor could not by his decree fequefter the party's lands, that is, he could only agrri in ferfinam, but not m rem; and agreeably hereunto it was refolved 1 6. Eliz in the cafe of Colefton and Gardener, that if a man killed a fequef-

trator in the execution of fuch procefs, it was no murder b

[» Vid.New Abr. Law. Vol. 1. p. ;88. » Cro. Eliz 6c 1 4111ft 84.1. Rol. Rep. 86. r<)o. Lit.Rep.1t6.] Alfo in the reigns of queen Elizabeth, and king Tames the firft there are feveral ftrong opinions, that a court of equity could not examine, or give any redrefs in a caufe after judo-ment at law ; and that fuits in equity, to relieve againft a judgment at law, are within the ftatutes, which makes it a premunire to appeal to any foreign court, efpecially if the end thereof be to controvert the very point determined at law, or to feek relief after judgment in a cafe wherein the law may relieve, as auainft exceffivenefs of damages But fuch opinions feem nowto be wholly exploded. Vid. Caf. Eq, Abr. p. 1 30. The antient rule for the jurifdiflion of the extraordinary court of chancery, was confined to frauds, accidents, and trulls ; and though at this day, by its power of granting injunffions, it curbs the jurifdiaion of other court , and thereby has fwal- lowed up the greateft part of the bufinefs of the common law; yet it is Hill under fome of thefe notions, that it exercifes a jurifdiaion in relieving againft forfeitures, penalties, where a compenfation can be made, in preventing multiplicity of fuits, decreeing a fpecific execution of agreements, affifting defrftive conveyances, &c. But in no cafe will it relieve againft an adl of parliament, nor direaiy againft a funda- mental rule or maxim of the common law, nor retain a fuit where the party appears to have a plain and adequate remedy at law. Three things, fays my lord Coke, are to be adjudged in a court of equity. 1 °. All covins, frauds, and deceits, for which there is no remedy by the ordinary courfe of law. 2°. Accidents, as when a fervant, obligor, or mortgagor, is to pay money on a certain day, and they happen to be robbed in going to pay it. 3°. Breaches o'f truft and confidence. 4 Inft. 84.

Upon this foundation, that a court of equity could not relieve againft a maxim of the common law, it was formerly holden, that one executor could not compel the other to account ; that one joint tenant could not fue his companion ; that if an obligee loft his bond, he was without remedy : fo where the Icffer entered upon his leflee, and fufpended his rent, it was held that he had no remedy: fo where the party became re- medilefs by his own aft, as by paying money without an ac- quittance : fo where one on valuable confideration promifed to make a leafe, it was held that the party could not fue on this promife in equity, becaufe he might have an aaion on the cafe. But thefe laft opinions are now of no weight or authority, as appears by daily experience. Vid. New Abrid. vol. 1. p. 590. All matters of truft are particularly within the jurifdiaion of the court of chancery. Vid. Caf. Eq. Abrid. p. 131. See the article Court.

<■ 2 CHANE,