Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/499

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ing manner: take yellow wax and tried hog's lard, of eac.. half a pound ; quickfilver, three ounces ; fimple balfam of fulphur, a dram: melt the wax and lard, and then add to them gradually the quickfilver, firft well divided by the balfam of fulphur. Pembcrtori's Lond. D'lfp. p. 376.

CERAULA, Ke^avXiK, in antiquity, a kind of mufieian, who blows or plays on the horn.

In which fenfe, the word amounts to the fame with the Latin eornicen.

The ceraulc feem to have been originally employed in making a mournful kind of mufic at funerals ; but they were afterwards transferred into the army. Salmaf. Excrc. ad Solin. p. 123. Aquin. Lex. Mil. '1". 1. p. 197.

CERAUNIA, Ceraunias, orCERAUNius lapis, in natural hi- ftory, a fort of flinty figured ftone, of no certain colour, but of a pyramidal or wedge-like figure; popularly fuppofed to fall from the clouds in thunder If 01ms, and to be poflefied of divers notable virtues, as of promoting fleep, prefervingfrom lighten- ing, &c. Voter. Phyf. Expcr. P. 2. Sea. 5. c. 8. Th. 13. Ca/i. Lex. Lemeri, Trait, des Drog. p. 207. The word is formed from the Greek, xigawor, thunder-bolt. The ccrauma is the fame with what is otherwife called the thunder-ftone or thunder-bolt, and fometimes alfo fagitta, or arrow's head, on account of its ihape.

The ccrauma are frequently confounded with the ombriie and brontia*, as being all fuppofed to have the fame origin Plin. Hift. Nat. 1. 37. c. 10. See Brontia and Ombria. The generality of natural ifts take the ceraunia for a native ftone, formed" among pyrites, of a faline, concrete, mineral juice. Mercatus and Dr. Woodward afiert it to be artificial, and to have been fafhioned thus by tools. The ceraunia, according to thefe authors, are ficilices, or heads of the antient weapons of war, in \i(c before the in- vention of iron ; which, upon the introduction of that metal, growing into difufe, were difperfed in the fields thro' this and that neighbouring country. Some of them had pombly ferved in the early ages for axes, others for wedges, others for chiz- zels, but the greater part for arrow-heads, darts and lances. Merest. Metalloth. Arm. 9. Joe. 12. c. 16. #Ww. Lett 3. on Meth. Foil p. 38, feq. Ejufd. Catal. For. Foil", p. 5 r, feq. The ceraunia is alfo held by Pliny for a white or chryftal co- loured gem, which attracted lightning to itfelf. What this was is hard to fay. Plin. Hift. Nat. 1. 37. See Ceraunus albus, infra.

Prudentius alfo fpeaks of a yellow ceraunia 3 -, by which he is fuppofed to mean the carbuncle or pyropus b. — [ a Prudent. Pfychom. v. 470. b Fab. Thef. p. 536.]

Ceraunia, in botany, is ufed by fome authors for orpin. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

Ceraunias albus, in natural hiftory, a name given by Pliny to a gem or precious ftone, of the nature of the after ia, but fomewhat inferior to it in beauty. Pliny tells us, that it was a very bright gem, of a cryftalline appearance, but with a caft of bluifh, and that it was found in Caramania. Solinus gives us much the fame account, but makes Germany the place of its origin. It is indeed written Germania in feveral of the old copies of Pliny, but the moft correct have it as it is print- ed, Caramania ; and Caramania was a country from which the Romans had many gems,

CERAUNITES, in natural hiftory, a name given by feveral writers to the belemnites. Seethe article Bi-lemnites.

CERBERUS, among chemifts, denotes mercury. See Mer- cury.

The name ccrberus is alfo given fay fome to a famous purging powder, more ufually called pulvis cornachhius, and pulvis co- mitis Wartvtcenfis. Caji. Renov. p. 158,

Cerberus chemicus, in chemiftry, a phrafe ufed by Hoffman and others to exprefs the common nitre or fait- petre, which they have called alfo fal inf emails.

CERCASIj uitheEaftern military orders, are a body of horfe in the fervice of the grand fignior. See Pocock's Egypt, p. 1 66.

CERCELE, {Cycl) in heraldry. The crofs cercele differs from the crofs anchored, as the latter turns but a little rounding, whereas the former turns quite round. Coats, Diet. Herald, p. 71, feq. See Anchored, Cycl.

CERCIS, in botany, the name given by Linnsus to the o-enus of plants called filiquaftrum by Tournefort, Rivinus, and others. Sec Siliquastrum.

CERCOPITHECUS, in natural hiflory, the name of a fpecies of long-tailed monkeys.

The word is derived from the Greek xi^zac, a tail, and wMW?, a monkey.

Aldrovandus, Marcgrave, and others, have given the figures and hiffories of many of the cercopitheci. ""The former of thefe authors fpeaks of fome as large as mafriff dogs, having tails five cubits long. In Brafu there is a yellowifh kind, which fmells of mufk. As thefe monkeys climb trees, if in danger of falling, they fave themfelves not only by their feet, but by their tails, wrapping them round the boughs of trees. The Zygantes in Africa eileeem their fiefh a good meat. Crew's Mufxum, p. ic.

Among the various fpecies of this animal, authors have par- ticularly defcribed the great-bearded kind, and two large ones withoi.t beards, which are different from all that we know by 6

the peculiar names which have been given them by the inha" bitants of the places where they are found. 1 he great bearded monkey is a very elegant and neat creature ; its hairs are fhort, and very bright and glofly : its breaft and the fore part of its belly are white, and it has a white beard hanging down from it:; chin, of a hand's breadth long, and pointed at the end : its tail is of the ihape that the monkeys tails ufually are, and does not end in a bunch of hair, as that of the bearded monkey called exquima. Rays Syn. Quad. P- '59

Of the two bearded ones, the firft has long hair of a \ ellow- ifh colour ; its breaft and all its belly are white ; its tail is not very hairy, and looks indeed as if the hair had been ftripped off from' it all the way, except at the very extremity, where there is always a hunch of longer hairs. The other is larger than this; its nofe is all over brown, and its head ornamented with white hairs ; its neck and breaft are cloathed with long hairs, like the mane of a lion, and thefe are of a whitifh co- lour ; thofe of the reft of its body are of a pale yellowifh tawny colour. The monkeys defcribed under the names they are known by among the inhabitants, are, the guariba, cagui, fagouin, cay, caitaia, macaquo, exquimz, bugee, elawan- dum, andwandfU; which fee under their feveral heads.

CERCOSIS, KcfxwG-ij, in medicine, a preternatural extention and tumidity of the female clitoris, as to project beyond the labia pudendi Cajl. Lex in voc. Se^ Clitoris.

ChR KALES adiles, two officers of antient E.ome, erected un- der Julius Csefar, appointed to have the fuperintendency of the corn and grain for the provifion of the city. They alfo pre- fixed in the cerealia Wives in Auguft. de Civic. Dei, 1. 7. c. 20. Hojjh de Grig. Teft. p. 148. Pilifc Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 401, feq. Calv. Lex. fur. p. 177. See /£:jjli:, Cycl •■

Cereales lufii, fnlemn fports held in honour of Ceres, wherein the matrons reprefentcd the grief and lamentation of Ceres for the lofs of her daughter frofcrpine, arid her tra\els to find her again.

The ludt cereales were borrowed by the Romans from the Greeks, and were held in the circus for eight days, from the 1 2th of April to the 19th inclufive. In them were reprefented combats, and races of horfe, and other diverfions ; as alio with a grand proceffion of men, women, and gods, called pompaccrcalis. Kc.nn, Rom. Ant. Not P. 2. I.e. c. 7. Fab. Thef. p. 538.

Pompd Ckrealis, or xlrcenjis, a folemn proceffion of the per- fons who were to engage in the exercifes and combats of the lutli cereales, accompanied with the magiftrates and ladies of quality, as alfo with the flatues of the gods, which were car- ried in ftate chariots. Kenn. Rom. Ant. Not. P. 2. 1 5. c. 7.

Cerealia femina, an appellation given by fome to what we call legmnina or pulfe. CajK Renov. p. [50.

CEREBELLUM (-Cycl.) -^'Willis and Boerhr.ave fuppofe the cerebellum to be the feat of the vital principle : but this opinion is liable to difficulties. The obfervations of M, deia Peyronie fhew, that wounds in the cerebellum of dogs are not imme- diately mortal j and we have more than one account of per- fons living with a fchirrhous cerebellum. See Phil. Tranf. N°474. Sect. 3. and Mem. del'Acad. Royale des Scienc. 1705.

CEREBRUM (Cycl.)— Thebfain in fifti, in general, is very fmall, in refpect to the great fize of their he ds. 1 he inter- nal or medullary part is brown, but the externa! or cortical part is fattifh and whitifh. The olfactory nerves may be traced with great eafe, running in a ftrait line from the brain to the noftrils.

Cerebrum jovis, in ichthyology, a name given by Ehnius the poet to a peculiar fifh cf the labrus kind, called by the gene- rality of authors fcarus : it is difKnguifh'd by Arte'di from the- other fpecies of the fame genus, by the name of the labrur 3 qui fcarus auctorum eft.

CEREFOLIUM. See Chervil.

CEREIS, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors, and fuppofed to have been ufed by the antients for the jtlitpaftrum, or Judas tree. Ray's Hift. v. r. p. 17 17.

CEREL.-EUiVI, Kne^-Mv., a competition of wax and oil. See Wax.

Some alfo give the denomination to the oleum cera; otherwife called butter of wax. Ca/L & B/anc. Lex. Med.

CEREMONIAL, arcmoniale, a book in which is prefcribe'dtbe order of the ceremonies to be obferved in certain aclions and occafions of folemnity and pomp.

The ceremonial of the Roman church is called ordo Rcmav.us. 1 he Roman ceremonial was firft pubiifned by the bifhop of Corcyra, in 1.516'; at Which the college of cardinals were fo fcandali^.cd, that fome of them voted to have the author as well as book burnt, for his temerity in expofmg the facred ce- remonies to the eyes of the profane people. 'J he majefiy half divine, which they afcribed to the public worfhip, would be- come contemptible, and have the common fate of human things, when viewed too near. Vid. Mahill. Muf Ital. T. 2. Ouvr. des Scav. Marf. i68g p 71% feq. Ceremonial is alfo ufed for the fct or fyftem of rules and ce- remonies which cuftom has introduced for rc^ulatino' our be- haviour, and which pcrfons practile towards each other, either

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