Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/493

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CEIXEFOR/E, Jtl botany, the name of a genus of marine plants, the characters of which are, that they are of the fubftance of thclithophyta.aiKi have oblong creeping hollows in feveral parts. CELLULES, in the colon, a fort of fpaces wherein the excre- ments continue ibme time before they are voided. See Colon and Excrement. CELLULANUS, a monk inhabitant, or refident in a cell. Fab. Thef, p. 518. fee Cella.

He is alfo denominated concellaneos find fyncei&fi^t^ by winch are imported the relation of fellow monks, or rhofe who live in the fame cell or convent. Du Conge, GI01T. Lat. T. 1. p. 916. Magr. Not. voc. Ecclef. p. 6t. CELLULAR, or Cellulose, an appellation given by Ruyfch, to the fecond coat of the inteftines ; in which fat is often found. Heifi, Comp. Anat. §. 21 1. p. 104. Wharton alfo takes notice of a cclluloje coat in the mefcntery, wherein fat is contained. See Mesentery, Cycl. Hcifter thinks that a cellulofe coat may alfo be added to the three coats in the human bladder, by reafon fat is often found between the outermoft and mufcular coat,whcre it is fecretrl, collected, and prcferved in little adipofe cells, id. ibid, in Not. p. 353. See Hl adder, Cycl. and Suppl.

CELSIA,in botany, the name of a genus of plants-, the characters of which arethefe: theperianthium is divided into five oblong and obtufcly pointed fegments, which remain after the flower is fallen. The flower confifis of one petal ; the tube is ex- tremely fliort ; the limb is very plane, and lightly divided in- to five fegments of a rounded figure; the two lower ones of thefe are fmaller than the two upper, and the fmgle fegment that (lands at the bottom is largeft of all. The ftamina are four capillary filaments which ftand near the fmaller ferments of the flower, and two of them are longer than the others, and j are woolly on the outer fide ; the anthers are final! and round- ! ifh ; the germen of the piftil is roundifh ; the ftyle is capilla- j ry, and of the length of the ftamina ; and the ftigma is obtule. \ The fruit is a roundifh bilocular capfule, comprefied and \ pointed at the top, and is fixed in the baic of the flower. The feeds are fmall, numerous, and of an angular figure ; the re- 1 ceptacles are hemifpheric. It is evident, from the characters, that this genus of plants differs extremely from the verbafcum, or mullein. Linnesz Gen. Plant, p. 298.

CELTIS, the nettle-tree, in botany, the name of a genus oftrees, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the rofaceous ' kind, being compofed of fevera! petals arranged in a circular form, and filled with very fliort ftamina. The piftil arifes from the cup, and finally becomes a fruit or berry, containing a roundifh kernel.

The fpecies of celtis enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe : : 1. The celtis with black fruit. 2. The celtis with pale purple fruit. And, 3. The American uttis, with citron-like leaves of a gold colour underneath, and with red fruit. Tourn. Inft. p. 61 2.

CEMENT. See the article Cjement.

CEMENTATION. See Cementation.

Cementation of gold. See Gold.

CEME I ERY, cccmeterium, (See Coemeterium, Cycl.) de- notes a place fet apart, or confecrated, for the burial of the dead, Bingk. Orig. Ecclef. I. 33. c. 1. §. i.feq. See Bu- rial, and Burying,

The word is originally Greek, WJifwnjgw^ formed of »»(*«*-> dormio, I fleep.

In which fenfe cemetery amounts to the fame with dormitory, fepukhrc, fepulchretum, &c. It is fometimes alfo called pdy- enthrium, q. d. a concourfe of a multitude of men 3, and an- dropolis, or the city of men b. — [» Vid. Du Conge, GlofT. Lat. T. 4. p. 338. voc. polyandriitm. b Id. ibid. T. 1. p. 198. voc. audropolis. ]

Antiently none were buried in churches or church-yards: it was even unlawful to inter in cities; inftead of which they had cemeteries without the walls a. Thefe were held in great veneration among the primitive chriftians. The council of El- vira prohibited the burning of torches or tapers in the day time in cemeteries. The pra£ice of confecrating cemeteries is of fomc antiquity b : the bifhop walked round it in proceffion, with the crozier, or paftoral ftafF, in his hand, the holy water pot being carried before, out of which afperfions were made c. In the early ages, the chriftians held their affemblies in the ce- meteries, as we learn from Eufebius and Tertullian, the latter of whom calls thofe cemeteries where they met to pray, area. Valerian fcems to have confifcated the cemeteries, and places deftincd for divine worfhip, which were reffored again to the chriftians by Gallian : In the refcript of that emperor, which is .preferred by Eufebius, cemeteries and places of worfhip areufed as fynonymous terms*. It being here the martyrs were buried, the chriftians chofe thofe places to have churches in,when leave was given them by Conftantine to build. And hence fome de- rive that rule which ftill obtains in the church of Rome, never to confecrate an altar, without putting under it the relicks of ibme faint *. — [ fl 5«V.Thef. T. p. 3002. b Vid.Bingb.On I. 23. c. 2. §. 1. <= Lobin. Hiit de Bret. T. 2. p. 208. ° d Einfh. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 8. c. 1. §. g. Item 1. 23. c Ttllem. Hift. d Emper. T. 3. p. 282, feq. Trev. Di&. Univ. T. p. 1812.] SurPL. Vol. I.

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CENCHRAMIDEA; in botany, a name given by Plukenr-t to a genus of plants afterwards called by Plumier and Luinams clufia. PbAeut, Aim. 257. f. a. See CtusiA. CENCHRAMUS, in zoology, a name by which fome authors have called the emberiz.a alba, called in Englifn, the bunting Rafs Ornithol: SeeEMBERizA«#«. CENCHRIS, in zoology, the name given by many authors to the keftrel, or windhover, a fpecies of hawk, of the long-wintred kind called the tinnunculus, and by fome in Englifh, the fen- nel. Ray's Ormthol. p. 50. See Tinnunculus Cenchris is alfo the name of a fpecies of ferpent, fo called be^ caufe of its fmall fpots, which refembled the feeds of millet. It grows to five feet, or more, in length, and is confidently thick and large, and grows very taper at the tad. It is of a greenifti yellow colour, and is yellowed toward the belly, it is found in the iflands^of the Archipelago, particularly inLemnosand Samos. Ray's Syn, Anim. p. 2,90. CENCHRUS, in botany, the name given by Linnzus to a genus of plants, called by Micheli panicafhella, the characters of which are thefe : the cup confifis of a number of involucra, colk-aed into a fort of head. Thefe are jagged and echinated, and each of them contains three calyxes: the perianthia are bivalve glumes of a hollowed and pointed figure, each con- taining two flowers, and are fliorter than thofe flowers. The flowers are fome male and others of the hermaphrodite kind. Each flower is bivalve, the valves being pointed, hollow, and without awns, and the inner one fmaller than the outer. The flam i na arc three in each flower, and are Ions pointed filaments each fuftaining a fagittated apex. The piftifin the hermaphro- dite flowers ts formed of a roundifh germen, a (lender ffyle of the fame length with the ftamina, and two oblong hairy ftig- mata : this is fucceeded by a fingle feed to every flower, which is of a roundifh fhape. Lima, Gen. PI. p. 492. Michel. Plant. Gen. 31. CENEGILD, in the Saxon antiquities, an expiatory mulft, paid by one who had killed a man, to the kindred of the deceafed. The word is compounded of the Saxon dime, i. e. cognatio, re- lation, and gild, folutio, payment. CENEONTLATOTI, in zoology, the name fan American bird defcribed by Nieremberg, and called by that author avis polyglotta. It is famous for the different modulations of its voice, and excels even the nightingale in melody. See the article Polyglotta avis. CENN1NG, cenninga, or kenninga, in our antient books, denotes notice given by the buyer to him of whom he had bought, that the thing purchafed was claimed by another; that he might appear and avow, or warrant his bargain. Du Came, Gloff. Lat. T. r. P 919. Spin. Gloff p. 131. The word is formed of the Saxon cennan, auflorem advocare, to call an author. ' CENOTAPH (Cycl) amounts to the fame with monument, properly fo called ; and ftands diftinguifhed from fepulchre, in which a corpfe is actually depofited Fiarent lift. lea 42. D. De religiof. monumentum — Si Corpus vel reliquiafinferan- tur, fiet fepulchrum ; fi vero nihil inferatur crit monumentum memorire caufa factum, quod Gra?ct xavrafym appellant. Cenotaphs are honorary tombs, erected either to perfons buried in another place, or to thofe who have received no burial, and whofe relicks cannot be found, as being killed in battle, loft at fea, .. rthe like " Among the anrients the fame privileges and religious regard were allowed to thefe tumuli inanes (s! honora- rii, as to real tombs K Card. Norris h;s a treatife exprefs on the cenotaphs of the Cafars, Caius and Lucius, which are ftill feen at Pifa" — [" Lamprid. in Alexand. c. 63. Cenotaphium in Gallia, Romre amplimmum fepulchrum meruit. Fab. Thef. p. 521. b Kernt. Rom. Ant. Not. P. 2. 1. 5. c 10. p. 359. c Cenotaphia Pifana Caii & Lucii Ciefarum differtationibus il- luftrata. Venet. 1681. fol. Aft. Erud. Lipf. 1683. p. 113, feq.] See Burial. CENOTZQUI, in zoology, the name of an American bird de- fcribed by Nieremberg, and cal ed avis evocatrix nivis, be- caufe it always is very clamorous before fnow falls, and after- wards becomes filent. It is a very beautifully variegated bird. Its bread is yellow ; its legs are whitifh ; its belly is varie- gated with white and black ; the under fides of its wings are white and grey, and their upper fides yellow and blackifh, and at their hinder parts grey fpotted with black ; the tail is black and white underneath, and black and yellow on its up- per fide; the head is black, and is furrounded with a circle of grey, and variegated between with a line of yellow. It lives as well in the colder as hotter climates, but is principally feen a- mong the mountains. It has a very remarkable way of twitt- ing its head. about : fo that without moving its body, it eafily fees every way round it. There is another fpecies of it a little differing in the difpolition of the colours, which fome callliceto. Ray's Ornithol. p 305. SeeLlCETO. CENSAL, in the Mediterranean parts, denotes a regular or eftablifhcd broker, authorifed to negotiate between merchant and merchant. Savar. Diet. Comm. T. 1. p. 601. Trev. Did! Univ. p. 1546. Aub. Diet. Mar. p. 181. CENSER, in antiquity, a kind of veiTel wherein incenfe was burnt to the gods.

Cenfer is chiefly ufed in fpeaking of the Jewifh worfhip. In t> T ,h c