Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/489

 C A U

C A Z

dole {lopped. The defign of thus keeping the lime is, that its acrimony may be a little abated. I'embcrton's Loud. Difp.

The common eaujlic of quick lime and foap lyes, deferves the preference to any of thofe compofed of acid (pints. It does not give near fo much pain, and is not fo apt to occafion con- vulsions, when applied to carious bones, jt penetrates better than the dry forms of eroded metals, and does not run fo much when'it melts, as the moreliquid acids do. It either is not ab- forbed, or its effects are not obferved in the blood ; whereas mercurial preparations frequently raile an unexpected Saliva- tion Monro, in Med. Eff Edinb. vol.5, art. 24. Heifter fays, that the Shorten: and molt approved method of makiiig this is as follows : take pot-afhes and Strong quick lime, of each fix ounces, powder them Separately, and af er- wards mix them together in a large glafs or earthen veffel, and dillblve them in a large quantity of river water, letting them Stand an hour or two that they may dillblve perfectly ; the li- quor is then to be filtrated thro' a linen cloth from its orofs Se- diment, and evaporated over the fire in an iron pan ; the hard mafs left from this evaporation is to be put into a crucible, and melted over a Strong Sire till it flows like oil j it is then to be caft into a mortar or broad pan, and either cut or beat into Small pieces before it is quite cold : thefe are the eaujlic Stones. They are to be put into a clean glafs, and Stopped very cloSe, and kept rn-a warm place, fceijter's Surgery, p. 187.

jfrfenical Caust ;c. bee Magnet.

Lunar Caustic, called alfo lapis caujlieus, is a preparation of Silver, fometimes of copper, ufually made by diflblving the metal whh Spirit of nitre, evaporating two thirds of the fluid, and boiling the reft to an oily confidence, which when cold grows hard. Quinc. Pharmac. P. 2. Sect. 15. p. 252.

Caustic curves are ufually fuppofed to be the invention of M. TSchirnhaufen ; but 'tis only the name he invented. The Sirft

cntion he made of them was in the

year 1182 \ when he

produced no inftance but that of the ca Jlic in a circle, which be might have learfred from Dr. Barrow's J e£ iones Optica, published in 1669. It would have been eafy for him to have done the fame Sor any curve, by the help of the radius of curvature published by-Huygcns in his Horologium Ofc llatorium in 16/ 3. 'Tis certain this had been done by Sir Ifaac New- ton as early as the year n 61, as appears from his Lclliones tpticts\ which were read that year at Cambridge, tho' not puhliihed till after his death, viz. in 1 :28 c. — [* Act. Erud Lipf. an. 1682. p. J64. ' Newt. Lea. Opt Sect. 4. = Pref. Stat. Rep. Lett. T. 1. p. 50, feq ]

CAUSTIC fluid. Some imagine a eaujlic fluid, by which the blood is detained in a fluid ltate, and by which the red globules are formed. See Blood.

Caustic by reflexion. See eaujlic ly Reflexion.

Caustic Ly refrafiion See eaujlic by Refraction

CAUSTICUM antitnoniale, the name given in the late London difpenfatory to what was before called butter of antimony ; it is prepared of one pound of antimony, and two pounds of corrolive Sublimate, powdered and mixed, and then diltilled in a retort with a wide neck, in a gentle Sand heat What afcends into the neck of the retort is to be expofed to the air that it may run into a liquor. The congealed fubftance has been ufed to be called the butter, and when liquified, the oil of antimony. Pemlertoyis Lond. Difp p. Z34.

CAUSUS, Ka^©-, in medicine, denotes a burning fever, or a kind of acute continual fever, attended with a vehement heat, and other indications of an uncommon inflammation. Hoffm. deFcb. c 52 Willis deFeb c. 11. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 152. Gorr. Med. Defin, p 217. voc k^c®.. See Fever.

CAUTERIZATION, the act of burning or fearing Some mor- bid part by the application of fire, either aflual or potential. See Cautery, Cycl. and Supi-l.

In Some places they. auterize with burning tow, in others with cotton or moxa, in others with live coals ; others uSe Spanifh wax; others pyramidal pieces of linnen, others gold, or Silver : Severinus recommends flame blown thro' a pipe : but what is ufually preferred among us is a hot iron See Mon. Cauterizing irons are of various figures ; Some flat, others round, Some curved, &c. of all which we find draughts in Al- bucafis, Scuketus, Ferrara, and others Sometimes a cautery is applied thro' a capfula, to prevent any terror from the Sight of it. This method was invented by Placentinus, and is de- scribed by Scuketus. In the life of all cauteries, care is to be taken to defend the neighbouring parts, either by a lamina, de- fenfive plaiiter, or lint moiftened in oxycrate Sometimes the hot iron is tranfmitted thro' a copper cannula, for the greater iafety of the adjoining parts.

The degrees and manners of cauterizing are varied, according to the nature of the difeafe, and the part affected : In a mor- tification they cauterize more freely than in any other cafe ; in the Soft parts more (Daringly : in a hemorrhage, or a caries, they repeat the operation, till an efchar is induced on the vef- fel, or the humidity oS the bone is discharged. Junck. Confp. Chir. '■ ab.;q.p 540, feq. See the following article

CAUTERY ( yd.) — For the right application of the actual

cautery, various obfervations are neceflary j in the firll place,

the Surgeon Should fee that the Size and figure of the cautery

correspond to that of the difordered part, and while the patient

Suppl. Vol. I.

is preparing for the operation, to let the cautery be heating in

the hre, and to fecure the found parts, that it may give°no more pa.n than what is abfolutely neceflary. In cafes of a carious bone, the deftly parts are to be drawn afide and held out of the way of the iron ; and in thefe cafes, as alfo in large haemorrhages, it is neceflary to have three or four cauteries kept hot together, that if one does not finiih the operation, there may be no waiting for another. It has been found that cauteries have fucceeded in apoplexies when all other means have failed. In this cafe feme apply the cautery to the occiput ; but others between the firft and fecond vertebra: of the neck ; others are for cauterizing the meeting of the coronal and fagital futures, and others wdl have it bell to be done ,n the foles of the feet. Which of all thefe places it Succeeds bell in, lecms yet left to experience to determine, Hei/ter'simvery, p 318. Potential C\u rtRi See Caustic

CAUTING iron, among farriers, an iron inftrument wherewith they cauterize and fear the parts of a horfe which require burn- ing. Ruft. Drct. T. 1. in voc. See Cautehiz„tion and Cautery. CAUTIO, in the civil law, denotes an affurance or Security given or taken for any thing trufted. Cah. Lex. Jur p. . 62. CAU I'lONE admittcr.da, in common law, a writ which lies againfl a biihop, who holds an excommunicated perSon in prifon, notwithstanding -he offers Sufficient Security Sor obey- ing the commands of the holy church for the future. Fitzberb. Nat ''rev. p. 05. Lew. Interp. in voc. CAUTIONARY towns, places of Strength, which one prince or power puts in the pofleffion of another, as a Security either Sor the payment of a debt, or pcriormance of fome other mat- ter Stipulated between them. Rochel. Saumur, and fome other cities in France, were allowed to the reformed, for their Strength and Security. Rouen was given to queen Elizabeth, by Henry IV of France as a cautionary town or place of retreat for the Enghlh army. The cautionary towns of Rame- kins Fleming and the Brill, which the Dutch alfo put into the hands of queen Elizabeth, partly as a curb on the new re- public, and partly for the repayment of 8.8,aoS/. Sterling, advanced for the fervice of the States, were fold or given up by king James I. for a trifling consideration, not above a fourth part of what they had been engaged for. Rutin Extr de Rym Feed. T. 16. Bibl. Anc. Mod. T 18. p 3 .;, feq CAt n T 9' inbota ">'> a name given by the people of Guinea to a ihrub common in that part of the world, a decoflion of which they ufe as a cure for the running of the reins, or a clap. Phil. Tianf. N° 232. CAU I UR, ER, in anatomy, a name given by the French writers to a mufcle of the leg, called by the old writers primus flec- tentium tibiam, and by the later writers, Cowper, Albinus, &e. fartorius ; by Roflan, futorius. CAXOU, in metallurgy, a word ufed to exprefs a cheft of ores of Silver, or any other metal, that has been burnt, ground, and waffled, and is ready to be refined. CAY, in zoology, the name oS a Small monkey of the Br {lis, an extremely Small kind, and of a coal black. It lives only in the thick woods, and is ufually lound Sitting on the boughs oSSome oS the trees which bear pods, the Sruit of which it feeds UDon. Ray a Syn Quad. p. 155. CAYMAN, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of crocodile found 111 the Southern parts of America, and on the coaft of Guinea, and more ufually called by authors by its Brafilian name jacare. SeejAcARE. CAYMANUM Lpis, in natural hiftory, the name of a Stone Sound in the beds of rivers in many parts of America, and of a ycllowiSh colour, veined with red and white. The Indians have an idle tradition, that it is originally found in the Stomach of a crocodile, which in their language they call caymanes, and thence authors have named it lapis caymanum. The natives of America pretend that it has great virtues in me- dicine, and particularly that it cures quartans by being ap- plied to the writts ; and to enhance its value, they pretend to take it from the crocodile. CAYNTANA, in the materia medica, a name given by fome authors to the fruit called fagara by other writers. Camell. Syllab. p 74. See Fagara. CAZIC, orCAzqjJE, a general title given by the Spaniards to the petty kings, princes and chiefs of the feveral countries of America excepting thofe of Peru, who are filled curatas The French call them c/fla es, a denomination which they alfo give to the chiefs of the Tartarian hords. Ozan Diet. Math p. 2; 6.

The macs in fome places do the office of phyficians, and in others of priefts, as well as captains. The dignity of cazic among the Chiites, a people of South America, does not de- Secnd to children, but muff be acquired by valour and merit. One oS the prerogatives annexed to it is, that the cuzic may have three wives, while the other people are only allowed one. Mem. de Trev an. 1 717. p z f ,. & p. 1 -. Mexico comprehended a great number of provinces and lflands, which were governed by lords called c-zicues. depend- ent on, and tributary to the emperor oS Mexico' ; thirty of thefe caziaucs or vaffals are Said to have been Co powerful, that they could each oS them bring an tcny of an bundled thou- b S Sand