Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/487

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are loaden with vitriol, fait, and the like. Vid. Becman. Hift. Orb. Terr. P. i.e. 7. §. 1 7. Kirch. loc. cit. p. 1 iS, feq. Some of thefe caves again are near the furface of the earth ; others deeper hid in its bowels, and inacceflible to human induftry. The latter are divided with regard to their con- tents, into hydropbylacia, pyrcphylacia, and aeropby/acia, Kirch. Alund. Subterr. 1. 2. c. 20. p. i iS.

Divers oracular caves occur among the antients, the fumes of which intoxicated the head, and produced a fort of furor or rnadnefs, which was interpreted infpiration, prophecy, and divination. Such were the facred caverns at Delphi, which infpired the Pythia a. Such alfo was the fybil's cave at Cu- mse in Campania, ftill fhewn near the lake Avernus : Tho' Borrichius takes this to be of modern date b, and not the true antrum fibytits^ fo finely defcribed by Virgil c. Homer likewife gives a defcription of atr^ovw^m, the cave of the nymphs d, on which Porphyry has a treatife ftill extant, containing many of the fecrets of the heathen theology, both natural and fymbolicaI e. — [ a Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 12. p. 284. b Borrich. Diff. de Ort. Chem p. 100, feq. c Virgi JEn. 1. 6. d Horn. OdyfT. 1. 13. <= Vid. Fabric. Bibl. Grsc. 1 4 c. 27. p. 186. Holjien. de Vit. Porphyr. c. 7. ap. Fa- bric, loc. cit. p. 245. J

The cave of the nymph Egeria, where Nurna held nightly con- ventions with that deity, is ftill fhewn at Rome. Vid. Pi- tifc Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 827.

The cave of Trophonius, originally the manfton of that ce- lebrated Bceotian, became afterwards famous for the oracles which Apollo rendered in it. Paufanias who vifited it, gives a large defcription of the ceremonies obferved by thofe who entered the cave to confult that god. Vid. Pott. Arch. 1. z. c. 10. p. 290, feq.

CAVEA, the place iri the antient theatres where the fpectators were feated.

The cavea, called by the Greeks ^ix^, ftandscontradiftinsuifh- ed from the fcena, o-wm, which was the place for the actors. The cavea was divided by partitions into three equal parts, rifing one over another ; ima cavea, appointed for the peo- ple of quality, and magiftrates ; the middlemoft, media ca- vea-, for the commonality ; and the uppermoft, fumma cavea, for the women. Pott, Archied. 1. 1. c. 8. p. 42. Pitifc, Lex. Ant. T. r. p. 384. Heeler. Schul. Lex. p. 739.

Cavea alfo denoted the middle part in amphitheatres, other- wife called arena. Kenn. Rom. Ant. Not. P. 2. 1. 1. c. 4. p. 44. Lipf. de Amphitheat. c. 2. & 14. PitifcA. c. Schoet. Lex, Ant p. 293.

Cavea was alfo ufed for the cage or den of a wild beaft, kept for the amphitheatrical fhews. See Cage.

CAVEAR. {CycL) — The word is alfo written caviac, cavia, ka- via, capiat., cavia!, caviare, and caviary. It is formed from the Italian cav'tale, or barbarous Greek K«£i»p, which fignifies the fame. Mtnag. Orig. p. 167. Skin. Etyffi, Aug. invoc. Trev Dia.Univ. T. 1. p. 1518*

The manner of making the' cavear is by taking out of thefpawn of the fturgeon all the nerves or firings, then wafhing it in vi- negar orwbitcwine,andfpreading it on a table. They dry and fait it withthehand, and prefs it in a fine bag, that the liquormay run out; this done they cafe it up in a velTel with a holeat bottom, that if there be any moifture left it may run out. In this ftate being well prefTed and covered, it is fit for fale. Hougbt. Col- lect. N° 537. T. 3. p. 282.

Cavear is alfo prepared of the fpawn of foitie other fifties : what we othcrwife call botargo is a cavear made from a fort of mullet caught in the M editerranean; See Botargo. According to Savary, the belt cavear brought from Mufcovy is that made from the belluga, a fifh eight or ten feet long, caught in theCafpian fea, which is much preferable to that made of the fpawn of fturgeon. Savar. Diet. Cjm. Sup. p. gn, voc. Kaviac.

CAVEATING, in fencing, the act or art of difengaging, or fhifting the fword from one fide the adverfary's fword to the other.

Caveathig is a motion whereby a man brings in an inftant his fword which was prefented on any fide of his adverfaries, ge- nerally beneath its hilt, to the oppofite fide ; either from with- in, to without, or vice verfa ; or from having its point high, to be low, or the reverfe ; and either on the fame fide it is pre- fented in, or the oppofite fide.

Caveating is fo neceffary a motion in fencing j that without it, there could be fcarce any ofteniive part, or purfuit. It is with- al fo eafily performed againft the ordinary tierce and quart guards, that it gives a conftant opportunity to make a variety of quick fubtle feints againft them, which by reafon of the fmall crofs made by the weapons on thefe guards, makes the purfuit very eafy, and the parade or defence very difficult. SeePuRsUiT, Suppl. and Parade and Feint, CycL The confideration of this put Sir William Hope on the fearch of a new method or guard, which, by reafon of its greater crofs on the adverfaries fword, renders the caveating, and making feints more flow, and confequently the parade more certain. Hope, new Mem. ofFenc. c. 4. Se£t 12. p. 9 7, feq* See Fencing, Guard, &c CycL

CAVEDO, in commerce, a long raeafure ufed iri Portugal, and equal to zy T $H Englifh inches* t Treat. Pract. Gcom. 1 p. 9.

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CAVERS, in the language of miners, are any poor people' that go about the mines to beg or fteal ore from the miner- Hmghtm's Compl, Miner, in the explan. of the term

CAVLSON (Cycl.) -An iron cavrfon fpares a young horfe's mouth in the breaking, fince by means hereof he fs accuf- tomed to obey the hand, and bend the neck and moulders; without injuring his mouth. All iron cav.fem are mounted With a head-ftall, a throat-band, and two ferns; or reins; with three rings : through the middle ring, one rein is palled to make a horfe work round a pillar, and through the two line rings the two other reins are paffed, which the rider holds in 1 his hand, or fallens to his fiddle, to keep the horfe's head in fubjcaion. Guitl. Gent. Diet. P. i. in voc Trev Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1518. Vocab. Crufc. T. 2. p. -101.

VOC. CQVEXZQm. J '

CAVETTO (CycL) is the fame with what is otherwife denomi- nated a cafement. Moxon fhews how to defcribe the cavetto- both from the oxygon, and the femicircle. Max Median' Exefc. p. 268.

CAUHQ;ROY, in natural hiftory, a name given by the natives of the Eaft-Ind.es to a fort of foffil which they calcine, and afterwards give in large dofes in the hiccough, and many other complaints. It is alfo ufed in dyin». The In- dians boil it in water, and dye or ftain their clodis with it; to make them appear different from others: it is a kind of ochre, or clayey iron ore, and is found in great abundance m the hills, and iron is fometimes extracted from it. Woodw. Cat. for. PofT. vol. 2. p. 47.

CAVIA cobaya, in zoology, the name by which the Brafilians, and from them many writers, call the creature commonly known among us by the name of the Guinea pi» R a A Syn. Quad. p. 223.

Cavia. Seethe article Cavear.

CAVIDOS, or Cabidos, a Portuguefe long rfieafure, ufed iri the menfuration of cloth, linnen, and the like, equivalent to two foot eleven lines Paris meafure. Savor. Diet. Com. T. 1. p. 506. voc. cabidos.

CAVIL, cavlllatio, is defined by fome a fallacious kind of reas fon, carrying fome rcfemblance of truth, which a perfon knowing its falfhood, advances in difpute for the fake of victory*

The art of framing fophi fins or fallacies is called by Boe- thius, cavillatorla. Fab. Thef. p. 499.

CAVITY, among anatomifts and phyficians, makes a fpecies of organical conformation, either natural, or morbid; Call Lex" Med. p. 151.

Cavities of thebaic; are of two kinds; the firft formed frorfi articulation, called cotyles and glenes ; the fecond for other pur- pofes, called cells, caverns, foramina, fofpz and fulcl. Heiji. Comp. Anat. §. 56,. feq.

CAUK, or CAWK,,is ufed by the miners in the peak to de- note a coarfe fort of fparr"; being a ponderous white ftonc found in the lead mines, and which will draw 3 white

line like chalk, or the galactites b [*Ifoodw. Meth.Foff.

Clafs 2. p. 18. " Phil, Trauf. N» 1 10. p. 226. item N° 20 P- 770] iV '

The word is^ formed probably of the German kaalq, fpar. IVoodw. loc. cit.

Dr.Martyn juftly cenfures Woodward for calling this fub- ftance a talky fpar, as it has no flexibility nor elafticity, which are the charaaeriftics of talc. It is properly no other than a fparry matter, rendered very coarfe, by being mixed with a large portion of earth. In fome places it is found more clear and tranfparcnt than in others : it approaches in this ftate to the nature of cryftal, and is called ba'ftard cauk; and bright cauk. Philof. Tranf. N° 407. It is of a much more denfe and compact nature than ga- lactites, and refemblcs cryftal, except that it wants tranfpa- rence. There is a lingular procefs mentioned by Dr. Lifter; which is that of vitrifying antimony by its means. This is done with great readinefs and fpeed by it, and the glafs; thus made, will produce fome effect on other metals, which no other glafs will, nor indeed any other preparation of an- timony. The method of preparing it is this : take a pound of antimony, flux it clear; have in readinefs an ounce or two of cauk in a lamp red-hot ; put it into the crucible to the melted antimony, and continue it in fullon ; then call it into a clean mortar not greaz'd, decanting the clear liquor from the lump of cauk. This procefs gives more than fifteen ounces of glafs of antimony, like poliilied fteel,- and bright as the moft refined quickfilvcr. The cauk, in the mean time; is found to be diminifhed, not encreafed iri its weight, and will never flux with the antimony, though ever fo ftrong fire be given it. This is a very odd mine-= ral, and th:s learned author fuppofes it to be allied to thofe white, milky, and mineral juices which are found in mines.- The effect of both is evidently the fame; for the milky juic™ of lead mines vitrifies the whole body of antimony, in the fame- manner that the cauk does in this experiment. Phil. Tranf. N° no,

That there is fomewhat very peculiar in the -cauk is plain from

this effect on antimony, which no other thing of this kind ij

poffeiiedof; for lapis calaminaris, fulphur vivum, oalaflites-

, mundiaa,a!um ore, fpar, and many others thing havebeen trieri

with