Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/485

 CAT

CATODON, in zoology, the name by which Lmnjeus calls the ate, or whale of Clufius, &c. This, with hiin, makes a di- ftindT: genus of fifties of the order of the plagiuri : the charac- ters of which are, that the back has no fin, and the teeth are all placed in the under jaw. Limuei Syftem Natur. p. 5 1.

Catodon, in the Artedian fyftem of ichthyology, the name given to a genus of the plagiuri, or cetaceous fillies, the cha rafiers of which are thefe : the teeth are placed only in the lower jaw ; there is no fin upon the back ; and the fiftule is placed either in the head or the fnout. The fpecies of this ge- nus are only two. 1 . The catodon, with the fiftule in the fnout This is the whale with no back fin, defcribed by Sibbald ; it is about twenty-four foot long, and its head is roundifh. The mouth does not open wide, and the fiftule refembles a nofc placed on the fnout. The other is the catodon, with the fiftule in the neck. This is the cete of Clufius, and the great headed two-finned whale of Ray, and is that fpecies called by Purchafs a trurnpe. It grows to fixty foot long; and between thirty and forty foot thick, and has forty-two teeth in the lowerjaw. This was the firft fpecies of whale which was found to yield the fperma ccti, and has therefore been called by many the fperma ceti whale. Artedi, Gen. Pile. 50.

The word catodon is of Greek origin, and is derived from **r« below, and ,h«, a tooth ; and exprefles that the fifti has teeth only in the lower part of its mouth.

CATOMUM, or Catomus, K m „p.,, in middle-age writers, denotes that part of the body below the neck, and between the moulders.

Theword is fuppofed to be originally Greek, formed of i_. «p» q. d. inter fcapulas, between the fhoulders : In which fenl'e it amounts to the fame with what is otherwife called ikerfcapu- Iftm, or interfcapulium, fometimes alfo cmfmpulium. Hence alfo, according to Scaliger, the terms, catsmodiari, and catomis cadi, to denote being beaten on the fhoulders, a punifb- ment mentioned to have been inflifled on prodigals, as well as on divers primitive chriftians. Scalig Epift 144. & 146. Item in Manil. p. 400. Grentm. Obferv. 4. 13. Pitifc. Lex Ant. T. 1. p. 383.

Du Cange gives another acceptation of the word catomus, which appears to have fometimes denoted a fort of fcounre, or rod, made cither of iron, or even birchen twigs, wherewith criminals were lafhed, which affords a more natural explication of the terms, catomis cadi, or calomodiari. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 8 7

Hence a'.fo cat'atm fufpendi, to be hoiftcd up from the ground, in order to be whipped.

CA T yPTRITES, in natural hiflory, a name given by fome wri- ters to a (lone of the marble kind, which, when polilhed, was capable of ferving as a fpeculum, either flat, and only ufed to reprefent the images of things; or concave, and ufed as our reflecting burning glaflis '! he hard black marbles were moft frequent!) ufed tor this purpofe ; but fometimes the redifh ones, and fometimes one or other of the jafpers. Al thefe were in- difcriminately called by the name catoptrites, when put to this ufe.

CATOPTROMANTIA, K*r„ w «.1,„, a kind of divination performed with a looking-glafs and water, and fometimes with the glafs alone. Pott. Archaeol. Graec. I. 2. c. 18. See Hydrom.o ntia.

CA I TUTIRPALI, in botany, a name by which fome authors call the plant which produces the long pepper ufed in medici, Hort. Mai. v 7. p. 27.

CATTE CORONDE, in the language of the Ceylonefe, prick- ly cinnamon. This is a bark very much refembling cinna- mon, but produced by a tree which differs very much in the fhapeof the leaves, and is full offharp thorns, which the true cinnamon tree is not. The bark has nothing either of th, tafte or fmell of cinnamon, though fo like it externally. The natives ufe the root, leaves, and bark of this tree externally, to foften tumors. Philof. Trauf. N° 409.

CATTLE, a collective name, importing all quadrupeds, ufed either in tilling the ground, or for the food of man. See Beast, Cyc!. and Sttppt.

Under cattle fome include all quadrupeds which aflbciate, or go in herds, as fheep, oxen, horfes, hogs, &c. Others define cattle to be all tame animals which graze. Cah. Lex. Jur p, 683. voc. pecus.

Cattle is fometimes divided into great, comprehending oxen, bulls, cows, calves, horfes, &c. and fmall, including fheep! Iambs, goats, and the like. Savar. Diift. Comm. T. 1. p. 323! Trev. Diet. Univ. T. r. p. 1002. voc. beftail.

Black Cattl e more particularly denotes the cow kind. Thefe are alfo denominated neat cattle. Phil. Tranf. N° 387. p. 200. The management of cattle makes a confiderable branch of what is called hujhandry. See Husban dr y. The difeafes of cattle make the fubjea of that art, called by the antients muk medicwa, and veteratoria, and by us, farrying. Theantient riches confifled wholly in the'number of cattle , whence it is fuppofed to be, that the Romans called money by a name f ormed from that of cattle, petunia from pecus. The importation of cattle into England, whether living or dead is prohibited on pain of forfeiture • ; but cattle may fe export- ed, or even tranfported, paying the duties b. Eaaors, and tliofe who fell cattle for others, are prohibited to buy anv, ex- Suppi. Vol. I. '

C A V

cept Twine or calves, within eight miles of London. — (• Stat- 3 & 4. Edw VI. c. 19. '18 Ch. II. c. 2. 22 Ch. II. 1 3. Jac. Law Diet, in voc. J

Dr. Manefchelli tells us, that in the plague among the catilt in Italy, in 1735, rue, wormwood, garlic, and fuch other ftrong fmelhng plants, hung about their nofes and mouths, were ef- tecmed prefervatives againft the infeflion. Nitrous medicines, gunpowder, fulphur, and the fharper aromatics did hurt. Bleeding, crude antimony with fetons, and a diet of the moft mild foftening herbs did fervice. Med. Eff. Edinb. Abrid: vol. 2. p. 502.

Stealing of cattle, or killing them with an intent to fteal any part of the carcaffes, or aflifting in fuch offences, are now made felony without benefit of clergy. Sec 14 Geo. II. c. 6. & Sect. I.

By cattle; in this aft, is to be underftood any bull, cow, ox, fteer, bullock, heifer, calf, fheep, and lamb, and no other cattle whatever Stat. 1 5 & 16. Geo. II. c. 34. {

CATTUPHUS, or Cossophus, in ichthyology, a name given by Anftotle, and other of the Greek writers, to the fifh called by the Latin writers merula and turdus nigricans It is a fpe- cies of the labrus, eafily known from all the others by its co- lour, and called, by authors who acknowledge the generical name labrus, the blueifh black labrus.

CATTUS, or Catus, in the antient military art, a kind of ma- chine or device for covering or fcreening the men ; much, if not mtirely, the fame with vinea. Vcgct. 1. 4. c. 15. Aquin Lex.Milit.T. 1. p. 187. See Vine-,, CrrA

CATULUS, in the hiflory of fifties, the name of a fea fifh, of which authors defcribe three fpecies; the major, maximus, and minimus. It is properly of the galeus kind, and has a varioufly (potted Ikin, and a wide and large mouth, furniftied with ftrono- teeth, fharp-edged, and hollowed inward. The firft kind is common in our feas, and often caught on the coaft of Corn- wall, and the two others principally in the Mediterranean, though fometimes alfo in our feas. Aldrm. de Pifc 1 ' 3 c 34-

CATUS pardus, in zoology, the name of a beaft of prey, called alfo by fome catus montanus, and by us the cat of mountain. It is of the fize of a maftiff dog, but it refembles in all re- fpccvvs, the common domeftic cat" in ftiape, except that the tail is in proportion to the creature's fize, conliderably fhorter. It is alfo, if any thing, ftiorter, in proportion to its length, than our cat, and is of the common colour of that animal, on- ly that it is variegated with black fpots. Its throat is white, and its fpots are long upon the back, and round upon the fides and legs ; the beard or whifkers are plainly the fame as in the cat. It is lefs fierce againft the human fpecies than many of the other beads of prey, and may even be tamed. It naturally grows very fat. Ray, Syn. Quad. p. 1 6.

Catus Zibetbicus, in zoology, a name improperly given to the creature which produces the perfume called civet ; it not beino- of the cat, but of the wolf or dog kind. See Zibet hicum animal.

CATY,CATI,or Catti, an Eaft-India weight, ufed efpecially in China. It is equivalent to one pound five Ounces, and two drams Englifh. Lex. Mercat. p 3S8.

The cati is divided Into fixteen taeli, and the pi; into an hun- dred cati's.

The cati is alfo ufed in Japan, Batavia, and other parts of the Indies, where it weighs more or lefs, according as it contains a greater or lefs number of to/s » : the cati of Java is equiva- lent to 20 tacls ; that of Cambaya, to 27 ; the cati of Mam is double that of China, and amounts to about 150 French pounds b. — [» Savar Dicft. Comm. T. I. p. 590. >> Jour, des Scav.T. 87. p. 6)9.]

The Chinefe alfo give the denomination cati to the Siamefe /chart, Savar. Dict.Comm.T. 2. p. 1489.

Cati is alfo a fmall weight whereby the lapidaries of the Eaft weigh their emeralds, equivalent to three grains.

Cati is alfo a money of account, ufed in Java, and fome of the neighbouring iflands, amounting to about 19 florins Dutch money. Savur. Diet. Comm. T. r. p. ^90. In the ifland of Sumatra caty is faid to denote a piece of money valued at fix millings, and eight-pence fterline. Lex Mer- cat. p. 388.

CAVAGIRO, in zoology, the name of a fifh common in the Mediterranean, and brought to the mafkets in many places. It is fomethingof the eel fhape, but thinner and more flat- ted. It grows fmaller by degrees from the head to the tail, and ends in an extremely thin point. The belly is white ; but the back, fides, and tail are all red, like the red gurnet. It has no vifible fcales ; its rhouth is large, and turned upwards. Its teeth long, {lender, and fnarp ; it has a little above the open- ing of the mouth, on the hinder part of the upper jaw on each fide a black fpot ; its eyes are large; the fins and tail in the older fifh are finely variegated with pale red, yellow, and pur- ple ; befide the long back fin it has two pair,' one at the "ills, the other in the lower part of its body. Ray's Ichthyogr. p. 1 1 7.

CAVALCADOUR, or CavalcadeuK, anciently denoted a riding-mafter ; but at prefent is difufed in that fenfe, and only employed to denote a fort of equerries, or officers who have th'e direction of princes ftables. The French fay, tcuyer cavalca- clcur of the king, the duke of Orleans, &c.

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