Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/484

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Romanics have rccourfe to the diitin&ion ex cathedra ; and ailert, that though Honorius had erred in the faith, this is no objection to the infallibility of St. Peter's chair, finee Honorius m that cafe did not err as pope, or in any folemn authentic de- cifion pronounced ex cathe <ra, but only as a private doctor, in anepiftleto Sergius, which he had not fully and maturely enough confulercd b. — [ a Vid. Du Phi. Trait, de la Puifiancc Ecclef. &Tempor.Prop. 4. Nouv. Rcp.Lett.T. 42. p. 5*9, feq. b Re- marq. fur Maimbourg de V Eitablif. & Prcrog. del'Eglifede Rome.Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 12. p. 236.] See Infallible and Pope, Cyd.

CATHEDRATIC doclor, doSlor cathedratkus, denotes a doctor poffefTed of a chair or fellowship hi fome of the univerfkies of Spain.

They fay a cathedratic doclor of Salamanca, of A'cala, &c. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. r. p. 1509.

CA I HEDRATlCUiVl, in ecclefiaftical writers, denotes a fum of money, amounting to two millings, antiendy paid annually by the inferior clergy to their bifhops, or as often as.he vifited his dioccfe, ob honor an cathedra:, ,i e. as an argument of their fubjccTion, and for the honour of the bifhopVfee or cathedra. Du Cange, Gioff. Lat. T. 1. p. 893. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 382. Trev.Dict. Univ. T. 1. p.1509. See Cathedra. This was otherwife dcnominatedyjw;W<:7/7H, and in modern writers pro. urat'i on. See Procuration, Cycl,

Ca 1 hedraticum alfo denotes a fum which bifhops newly or- dained gave partly to the bifhops, or patriarchs, by whom they were confecrated, and partly to the clerks and notaries who of- ficiated therein.

This was alfo called ityaHnxw, as being given on account of the throne, or chair, they had now obtained. DuCange, Gioff. Lat. T. 1. p. 893. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 382. Bifhops confecrated by patriarchs or metropolitans, provided their church were not worth lefs than thirty pounds of gold, were to pay an hundred folidi by way of cathedratkum. Guihcr. deOfEc.Dom. Aug. 1 1, 17.

CATHERINE (Cyd ) — 1 he fraternity of St. Catherine of Sien- na, is a fort of religious fociety inftitutcd in that city, in honour, and under the patronage, of St. Catherine of £ ienna, afaint famous for her revelations, and for her amours and marriage with Jefus Chrift: whofe wedding ring, given her by her divine fpoufe, is frill prefcrved as an unexceptionable rehek. The fraternity of St. Catherine give portions yearly to a certain number of maids left unprovided for ; who, on condition here- of, accept of hufbands. In order to match them, a fine pro- ceffion is made of the girls, who arc to be thus endowed ; and during the march, the young men, who are willingto be fuitors, prefent them an handkei chief. If the maid return it as fhe re- ceived it, it imports that the offer is rejected. If fhe tie it in a knot, the bargain is made, and the parents themfelves cannot hinder it : by reafon fitch matches are fuppofed to come from heaven, and to be made by St. Catherine herfelf. Voyag. Hif- tor. dc 1'Ital.T. I.Lett. 38. Bibl. Ital. T-5-p. 152, feq. The fame fraternity has alfo a privilege of redeeming annually two criminals condemned for murther ; and it fets at liberty the fame number of debtors, by paying their debts.

CATHETiR [Cyct.) — Helmont rejects the common metalline catheter ufed by Galen and his followers, as cruel, and even noxious ; and fubftitutes another in its place, made of leather. Cafi. Lex. Med. p. 148.

Mr. Hales defcribes a catheter of a new ftruclure, contrived for the more advantageous injection of lithonthriptics into the bladder: its cavity is divided lengthways by a thin partition into two feparate channels, which end in two divaricating branches. By one of thefe branches the menftruum is to be injected into the bladder, in the common, or rather in the hy- droftatical way, while it returns mixed with urincby theother. ifr/« Ekemaftat. p. 212. Med. EfT. Edinb. T. 2. p. 400. See Staff.

CATHETERISMUS, KaS^cr,*©-, a chirurgical operation, whereby cither fomcthing medicinal is injected into the blad- der, orfome foreign body prejudicial to the making of urine, as coagulated blood, a itone, or the like, is drawn away; and this by means of a crooked, tubular inftrument, called a ca- theter. CajL Lex. Med p. 148. Nent. Fund. Med. P. 1. Tab. 5- §■ 3- P- 39i- Junck, Confp. Chir. p. 621. See Ca- theter, Cyd. and Suppl.

CAT HE I OLIPES, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of foffils of the clafs of the felenita?, hut differing from the com- mon kinds in the difpofition of the conftituent plates. The word is derived from the Greek x*fa& perpendicular, and fevb a fcale or plate, and exprefles a fet of thefe bodies whofe plates are arranged perpendicularly. All the known felenitse, except thofe of this genus, are compofed of a number of parallel plates, or thin flakes ranged evenly horizontally on one another. Thofe of this genus are regularly figured bodies, confifting of ei»ht planes or fides, and two truncated ends : their top and bottom are more depreffed and flatted than any of the other planes ; their ends regularly and evenly ftruck off; and their feveral fides nearly equal to one another; but the angles they make are fo obtufe, that the body may eafilv be miftaken for one confifiing of only four fides and two end's. The firuclure of thefe bodies is this: they are made up of plates, and thofe compofed of arrangements of filaments, run-

ing obliquely, fometimes the whole length of the plate, but of- tener making an obtufe angle by the meeting of two rows of lines, or ranges of filaments ; but thefe plates are difpofed per- pendicularly in the body, and for that reafon it does not fplit horizontally, or in a direction parallel to the top and bottom, but perpendicularly to that direction. Hill's Hilt:, of Foil* p. 123.

CATHE I'O-PLATEUS, in natural hiftory, a term with its op- pofite, which is fla^ioi-iaieus, very much ufed by Artedi, and others who adopt his fy item, in the defcription oftilhes: they maybe very well explained in Englifh, by the two familiar words, compre:,ed and depreffld. 'I 'he heads of fi flics are the principal part charactered bv thefe terms. Thus the cathcio-plateus, or comprcfled head of a fifh, is that fort of head which is flatted upwards, or feems to have had its two fides fqueezed together, and necefiarily is larger in its perpendicular, than in its tranl- verfemeafure. On the other hand, the plagioplateus or depfeflcd head is that which is flatted downwards, or feems to have its top and bottom, not its two fides, crufhed together, and is con- sequently much larger in its horizontal mcaiure, than in its perpendicular. The fame terms, in die fame fcnCe, are alfo uii-d to exprefs the fhape of the body of the fifh. We have inftances of the compreflcd or cathct'j-platcus head in the falmnn, cypri- nus, pearch, &c. and of the plagioplateus, or deprefkd head, in the fcorpaena, flurgeou, conger, &c.

CATHE'l US (CycLJ is fometimes applied to a line in the Ionic capital, parting perpendicularly through the eye or center of the volute. Vitruv. Archit. 1. 3. c. 3. bald. Lex. Vitruv. p. 23. Evel. Account of Aichit. p. 23. Eavil. Courf. d' Archit P. 2. p. 446. See Volute, Cycl. This is otherwife denominated the axis of the volute.

CATHOLlCfANI, in middle-age writers, the officials or mi- niftcrs of the catholic!, or receivers of the taxes of a diocefe, fometimes alfo denominated Caefarjani. Du Cange, GlofX. Lat. 7". r.p. S94. See Catholicus and C&sARiANi.

CATHOLICUS, K^Q.Xw©., the title of a dignitary, or magiftrate, under the Roman emperors, who had part of the adminiftra- tion, and particularly the care and receipt of the revenues and taxes in Roman diocefes. Gutter, de Offic. dom. Auguft. 1. 3. c. 18. DuCange, Glofl'. Gr. T. 1. p. 538. It. Gioff. Lat. T. J. p. 894. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. I. p. 392. Schoet. Ant. Lex. p. 29 i.

The catholkus was the fame with what was denominated by the Latins procurator, and rationaiis Cafaris. Such was the i*i- tholicus of the diocele of Africa, mentioned in Eufebius, and other antient writers.

Catholicus, among ecclefiaftical writers, an appellation given to the primates or metropolitan prelates of feveral churches in Afia, fubject, to the fee of Antioch ; but whofe jurifdiction and diocefes are of fuch extent that they have affumed the title of cathohci, q. d. univerfal bifhops. Suic. Thef. T. z. p. 13. Bingb. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 9. c. 1. •§. 12. See Primate and Me- tropolitan, Cyd.

Such is the catholicus of Armenia, who is faid to have above a thoufand bifhops under him. Such alfo was the catholicus of Selcucia, to whom the council of Nice gave the power of cre- ating archbifhops, a privilege otherwife referved to patriarchs. But the dignity of catholicus of Selcucia was afterwards divided, and two cuiholici created inftead of one, both fubjeer to the archbifhop of Antioch. Du Cange, GIorT. Grrec. p. 539. Item Glofl". Lat. T. 1. p. S94, feq-. Suic. Thef. T. 2. p. ifc. feq. See Patriarch, Cyd.

CATHSUM, in botany, a name given by fome author;; to the abrotanum, or fouthemwood. Gcr. Emac. Ind. 2.

CATKIN, among botanifts, a clutter of fiowcrs affixed to an axis : in fome cafes, there arc fquammre on the axis which do the office of cups ; in others the flowers are naked. This is otherwife called julus, and amentum.

CATOCHE, or Catochus, in medicine, a kind of waking fleep ; or a vehement difpofition of the body to fieep, without being able to attain it ; the eyes ftill remaining open, and the breathing entire, but the body motionlefs, and in the fame pofture wherein the patient was firft feized. The catoche is the fame with catalepfu. It differs from the co- ma and cataphora-, in that the eyes are open in the former, and clofed in tire latter. Gorr. Med. Defin. p. 21b. voc. (C*t^^- Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 15c. Shaw, New Praer. Phyf. p. 8. See Coma, Cycl.

CATOCHI I ES, in natural hiftory, the name of a foffd men- tioned among the antients, as having great virtues in medicine, and in the cure of wounds. It is faid to have been found in Corfica, and Pliny records this remarkable property of it, that if the hand were held upon it tor fome time, it would flick to it in the manner of glue. Hence it appears tofia\e been a bi- tumen.

CATOCYSTUS, in natural hiftory, a name given to one of the general divifions of the echinodermata, or fea hedge-hogs. Thefe have their aperture for the anus not at the top of the flicll, as the anocyfK have it, but in fome part of the bafc. For the more accurately diftmguifhing thefe into genera, the bales of the fhell are to be divided into the regular and irregular. The regular arc thofe which are round or oval ; thx- irre julac thofe which are made with linus's and angles.

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