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cording to their form and fize, as the common bookfellers ca- talogues j others according to the alphabetical order of the author's names, as Hyde's catalogue of the Bodleian library ; others according to the alphabetical order of matters orfubjects which are called real orclafflcal catalogues, as thofe of Lipenius and Draudius ; laftly, others are digefted in a mixed method, partaking of feveral of the former, as de Seine's catalogue of cardinal islufius's library, which is firft divided according to the fubiects or fciences, and afterwards the books in each are recited alphabetically. Catalog. Biblioth. Slufian. Rom. 169©, 4 C0. Struv. Introd. Notit. Rei Liter, c. i. §. 23. Item. Not. p. in, feq

Some catalogues are valued for the multitude of their books, others for their choice and excellency, others for their mauu- fcripts, and others for the conveniency of their method, and thejuftnefs of their arrangment. '

The bibliotheca Telleriana excels chiefly in books of theology and ecclefiaftical hiftory ; that of the Colbcrtin library, in hi- ftorical books ; that of Bridges, in antient poets; that of Dr. Bernard in mathematical books, &c. The catalogue of Nic. Heinfius's library is in great efteem for the exquifite choice of the books a : that of theCoiflin library b, compofed byMont- faucon, excels in manufcripts, both Oriental and Latin, but chiefly Greek : it is drawn up after the manner of the Vienna library, and contains a notitia or fhort hiftory of each manu- fcript, the time when wrote, the copift by whom, the num- ber of leaves, place where it had lain hid, &c. c Scavcnius's catalogue of the royal library at Copenhagen d, is much efteem- ed for the orderly method of its digeftiou ; but it has been long fcarce. F, Garnier's catalogue of the jefuita library at Paris, is not fo properly an account of the books in the library, as a ' plan of a juft method of difpofing a library. The catalogue of the Cordefian library compofed by Naude c, is ranked in ] the number of the beft catalogues-, by reafon of the exactnefs of the order wherein the books are ranged. The catalogue of i the Barberin library is valuable on many accounts; as for the number, the fplendor, the choice, order and ufefulnefs of the I books, &c. f But the raofl: applauded of all catalogues is that ' of Thuanus's library, in which are united the advantages of all the reft. It was firft drawn up by the two Puteani in the alphabetical order, then digefted according to the fciences and fubjects by Ifhm. P.ullialdus, and publifhed by F. Quefnel at Paris in 1679 s ; and reprinted, tho' incorrectly, at Hamburgh, in 1 704. The books are here ranged with juftnefs under their feveral fciences and fubjedts, regard being ftill had to the na- tion, feci, age, &c. of every writer. Add, that only the beft and choiceft books in every fubject are found here, and the moft valuable editions. Yet the catalogue of M le Telliers, archbifhop of Rheims', library h, made by M. Clement, is not inferior to any publifhed in our age, either on account of the number and choice of the books, or the method of its difpo- fition : On the plan of this, a catalogue of the king of France's library was propofed to be publifhed, which we are ftill in ex- pectation of. One advantage peculiar to this catalogue, is the multitude of anonymous and pfeudonymous authors detected in it, fcarce to be met with elfewhere *, Some even prefer it to Thuanus's catalogue-, as containing a greater variety of claries and books on particular fubjects. — [ a Morhof. lib. infra cit. c. 18. §. 10. Struv. ubi fupr & Not. p. 1 15. b Bibliotheca Coifliniana, olini Segueriana, Par. 17 14. fol. c Coler. Anal. ad Struv. lib- cit. p. 117, feq. d Defignatio Bibliotheca; Regia? Hafnienfis, Hafn. 1665. 4 to. c Catalogus Bibliothecse Cor- defiant, Paris 1643. 4 :o. Morh'f. Polyhifl. Liter. 1. 1. c. 5. §. 7. Struv. lib. cit. f Index Bibliothecae quae Franc. Bar- berinus's S. R. E. Card in, &c. Rom. 1681, 2 vol. fol. the title-page indeed mentions 3 volumes ; but the 3 d, which was to contain the MSS. is not yet publifhed. £ Bibliotheca Thuanea, Par. 1679, 8 vo - 2 vol. and Hamb. 1704, fol. & 8 V0. Vid. Morhof. Polyh'ift. Liter. 1. 1. c. 5. §. n,feq. Baillet, Jugem. des Scav. T. 2. p. 260. Struv. Introd. adHift. Liter. c. 1. §. 23. h Catalogus Bibliotheca^ Pellerianje, Par. 1693, fol. Struv. lib. cit. ' Vid Act. Erud. Lipf. 1694, p. 353. Caller. Anal ad Struv. p. 1 1 6 ]

The conditions required in a catalogue are, that it indicate at the fame time the order of the authors and of the matters, the form of the book, the number of volumes, the chronological order of the editions, the language it is written in, and its place in the library ; fo as that all thefe circumftances may ap- pear at once, in the fhorteft, cleareft, and exadteft manner poffible. In this view, all the catalogue s yet made will be found to be defective. Draudius's catalogue is an alphabetical table of matters divided under four clafles, in which are indicated the books which treat on each fubject, the year of their edition, name of the editor, title of the work, and form of the vo- lume. Its defects are, that no chronological order is obferved ; that the works of the fame writer are too much difperfed, and that the whole is only a compilation full of faults and ill di- gefted, of the catalogues of the Francfort fairs. Dr. Hyde's catalogue of the Bodleian is alfo difpofed according to the alphabetical order, not of the matters, but of the au^ thors only, referred to four clafles, and under each book no- tice is given to which of thofe clafles it belongs. Its defects are, that we cannot by it find all the authors who have treated on any fubject ; that the anonymous authors cannot be here

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conveniently introduced ; that the order of the editions dot- not appear ; that the forms are confounded, and the transla- tions with the originals'. ' The catalogue of M. lc Tcllier's library has the advantage: of all the former., being difpofed in the order of the fubjccts ? and having at the fame time an alphabetical index of the authors : befides, that in works printed in feveral languages,. the natural order of texts is obferved, by placing the original firft, and then the verfions, each according to its merit or its antiquity. Laftly, that the chronological order of the editions is exactly obferved. Its defects are, that the chronology of the editions is fomewhat confufed, that we are obliged to feek the writings of the fame author in different places, when they happen to be in different forms, and that there wants an alphabetical ta- ble of the matters.

The catalogue of abbot Faultricr's librar}', compofed by M. Marchand, is difpofed according to the order of matters, but in a maimer peculiar to itfelf, in as much as the authors on each fubject are alfo ranged in their chronological order. Its defects are, that the different form;; are confounded, as well as the chronology of the texts, and that the exactitude obferved in the chronology of the authors is not perceived. An anonymous French writer has laid down a new plan of a catalogue, which {hall unite all the advantages, and avoid all the inconveniencies of the reft. Lett, a TAbbe ***, fur un Nouveau Prejet de Catalogue de Bibliotheque. Par. 1712. Vid. Jour, des Scav. T. 52. p. 33, feq.

CATALONGAY, in botany, the name given by fome authors to the plant which produces the faba fancti Ignatii, or faint Jg- natius's beans of the (hops. Pluk. Mont. p. 6c.

CATAMENIA, Km&pwst* m medicine, women's monthly purgations, called alfo menfes. Gorr. Med. Dcfin. p. 213. Drak. Anthrop. 1. 1. c. 23. See Menses, Cycl. and Suppl.

CATANADROMI, in Ichthyography, a term of the fame figni- fication with the more ufed word anadromi, the diitinctive term of a fet of fifties, which at times leave the frefh water for the fait, and afterwards return to the frefh water again. Gefner, de Pifc- See Anadromous.

CATANANCE, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe ; the flower is of the femiflqfeu- lar kind, being compofed of a number of flofcules, f binding upon die embryo feeds, and all contained in a general fquam- mofe cup. The embryos finally become feeds, crowned with a fort of foliaceous heads, and are contained till ripe in the cup. The fpecies of catanance enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : 1. The coronopus-leav'd blue-flowered catanance, call- ed by fome the cyanus-headed blue fuccory. 2. The catanance with double blue flowers. 3 The broad leay'd yellow-flower' d catanance, called the plantain -leav'd ftaebe; and, 4, The nar- row-leav'd yellow- flowered catanance. 1 ourn. Inft. p. 478.

CATAPELTiE, KoWiXiai in antient writers, fometimes de- note arrows, and fometimes engines wherewith either arrows, ftones, or even huge pieces of timber were caft. Pliny afcribes the invention of the catapeltes to the Syrians ; Plutarch and. Diodorus to the Sicilians. Pott. Arch. Grace. I. 3. c. 10.

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It is more frequently written catapulta. See Catapulta:

CATAPHORA, in a theme of the heavens, an appellation given to the houfes falling from the 3 d, 6 tb , c/ h , and 1 2 th angles. In which fenfe the word ftands oppofed to anaphora. Vital. Lex. Math. p. 96. See Anaphora, Cycl.

CATAPHRACTA, £«k^^%, in the antient military art, a piece of heavy defenfive armour, formed of cloth or leather, fortified with iron fcales or links, wherewith fometimes only the breaft, fometimes the whole body, and fometimes the horfe too, was covered.

The cataphracla was in antient ufe among the Sarmatians a , Perfians, and other barbarians. Tin; Romans alfo adopted it early for their foot; and according to Vegetius, kept to it till the time of Gratian, when the military difcipline growing re- mifs, and field exercifes and labour difcontinued, the Ro- man foot thought the cataphracla, as well as the helmet, too great a load to bear, and therefore threw both by, chufing rather to march againft the enemy bare.breafted: by which in the war with the Goths, multitudes were deftroyed b. — [ a Taa't. Hift. 1. 1. c 79. b Veget. de Re Milit. 1. J. c. 20. Aquhi. Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 182.]

Cataphracta, Ka'/a^axla, among furgeons, denotes a ban- dage or ligature of the thorax ; thus denominated from its re- femblance to a Roman breaft-plate, called cataphracla. Cajlel. Lex. Med. See Bandage.

Cataphracta naves, thofe armed and covered in fight, fo that they could not be eafily damaged by the enemy. The cataphracla naves were covered overwith boards or planks, on which the foldiers were placed to defend them. The row- ers fitting underneath, thus fkreencd from the enemies wea- pons.

C-ATAPHRACTUS, K*1«^«*V, denotes a thing defended or covered on all fides with armour. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1.

P 379- Cataphractus, or Cataphractarius, more particularly denotes a horfeman, or even horfe, armed with a cataphracta, See Cataphracta.

The cataphradi eauites were a fort of cuirafliers, not only for- tified