Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/48

 ADO

ADO

Adotation properly is payed only to the pope when placed on the altar, in which pofture the cardinals, conclavifts, alone, are admitted to Jcifs his feet. The people are after- wards admitted to do the like at St. Peter's church : the ceremony is defcribed at large by Guicciardin. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 48. p. 424. Hift. Ital. 1. 1.

In a like fenfe, the ceremony of faluting the new abbot elect of St. Genevieve, k alfo called Adoration, V. Act. Enid. Lipf. 1724.

Adoration is alfo ufed for a method of electing a pope with- out fcrutiny, or voting. See the Cyclopaedia.

Adoration is of divers kinds, and qualities; fupreme and fubordinate, mediate and immediate, abfolute and rela- lative, internal and external, fecret and open.

External Adoration is that performed and fignified by fome outward ceremonies. This coincides with what is otherwife called ritual Adoration.

Internal Adoration, that confining in the fincere difpo- fition of mind to honour and obey God. This coincides with fpiritual Adoration, called alfo Adoration in fpirit and ia truth.

Solemn Adoration, that performed- in public, with ftated ceremonies prefcribed by authority. In oppofition to private, or tacit, or implicit Adoration.

The folemn Adoration of the hoft, by elevation and other ceremonies now in ufe, is allowed to be a modern thing, un known before the 13th century, even by the bifhop of Meaux j tho' he afferts the internal, or effential part to have obtained in all ages ; and to be implied in thefc expreffions of the fathers, that the eucharift is a terri blc and adorable myftery.. V. Ouvr. des Scav. Oft. 1690

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Supreme Adoration, the higheffc degree of religious honour or worftiip rendered to a being, as fuppofing him the fupreme God ; in oppofition to fubordinate worfhip given to inferior beings a. The former amounts to the fame with what fome call lairia, and ftands oppofed to dull a and hyperdulia, Arians and Socinians maintain, that Adoration abfolutely fu- preme, is due to none but God the Father. b Proteftants charge Catholics with rendering fupreme Adoration to images, C3V. c — [ a JVendel. Theol. Chrift, 1. 2. c. 4. p. 823 "Bibl. Choif. T. 25. p. 187. Ibid. T. 26. p. 430. fcq c Jour des Scav. T. 33. p. 961.]

Abfolute Adoration, that rendered immediately to a being in confideration of his own effential perfections, and termi- nating in hrmfelf. This coincides with immediate Adoration and ftands oppofed to relative or mediate Adoration. Th< Adoration of God the Father is by fome held alone abfo lute, that of the fon and holy ghoft, fay they, ought only to be relative to the Father, and centre or terminate in him b. We are to adore the Father, in the Son, by the Holy Ghoft. Olearius has a diflertation exprefs on the Adora- tion of the Father, by the Son c. — [ a Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 40. p. 134. feq. b Journ. Liter. T. 1. p. 282. Mem. de Trev. An. 1713. p. 1295. c See an extract of it in Nouv. Liter. Germ. An. 1709. p- 72.]

Relative Adoration is that worfhip paid to an object, as belonging to, or reprefentative of another. In which fenfe the Romanifts profefs to adore the crofs, not fimply or immediately, which they allow would be idolatry, but in refpect of Jefus Chrift, whom they fuppofe to be on it. The Jefuits in China carry an image of Chrift un- der their cloaths, and to this refer mentally the public Ado- rations they offer to Chacinchoan. V.Pafcal. Lettr. Pro- vine. 5.

Proteftants generally hold the Adoration of the hoft to be idolatrous. Indeed, if it be founded on a tranfubftantiation of the fpecies, as feveral of the Romifti communion have allowed, the adorers can have but little fecurity of its not being idolatry; fince the miflal mentions fome 20 cafes, wherein it may be doubted, whether the conversion be really effected on account of defects in the matter, form, inten- tion, or ordination of the minifter. This charge others would evade, by founding the Adoration, not in the fuppo- fition of a tranfubftantiation, but of a real prefence. It is fufficient fay they, there be any prefence of Chrift to ren- der the adoration legitimate. V. Work, of Learn. Vol. 2. P- 7'9-

Perpetual Adoration is a kind of fociety or affociation of devout perfons eftablifhed in Romifh countries, who take their turns to pray before the eucharift, regularly reliev- ing each other, 10 that the fervice never ceafes day nor night.

The members of the perpetual Adoration anfwer to the Acce- nted in the eaftern church. See Acoemeti, We find focieties under this denomination in France, Ger- many, Italy, C3Y. Thofe in France are a fort of pa- rochial congregations. Each perfon is to pray an hour with a taper before him \ F. Bern. Cavalieri, preacher to the emperor, introduced the like ufage at Vienna, Mi- Ian, and feveral other cities, which fpread fo much, that in a few years, there were no Iefs than 40000 members b. — f*V. Aubert, ap. Ricbelet. Dift, T. 1, p. 34. b Giorn. de Letter, d'ltal, T. 29. p. 377.J

Barbarous Adoration is aterm ufed inthelaws of king Ca- nute, for that performed after the heathen manner, who adored idols. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. T. 1. p. 66- The Romifti church is charged with the adoration of faints, martyrs, images, crucifixes, relicks, the virgin and the hoft ; all which by proteftants are generally aggravated into idolatry 3, on a fuppofition, that the honour thus paid to them is abfolute and fupreme, called by way of dilHnctioa Latrla, which is due only to God. Roman catholics on the contrary, explain them, as only a relative or fubordinate worfhip called Dulia and Hyperdulia, which terminates ul- timately in God alone b. — [* V Fabric. Bibl. Ant.e. 3. §. 28. p. 281. Act. Erudit. Lipf. An. 1688. p. 573. b V. Jour. des Scav. T. 33. p. 961. Id. T. 16. p. 576. Du Pin. Bibl. Ecclef. T. 18. p. 162.]

May not the fame be laid of the idol worfhip of the antient Heathens ?

The Phoenicians adored the winds, on account of the terrible effects produced by them ; the fame was adopted by moft of the other nations, Perfians, Greeks, Romans, &c. Mem. de Liter, de Saleng, Contin. T. 1. P. 1. p. 51. feq. The Troglodytes adored tortoifes, as fomething peculiarly facred a ; feveral people adored weapons, and inftruments of war. The Scythians, &c. adored fwords, the Romans axes, the Arabs ftones a, the Indians adored vipers c , the Ben- galefe A and Canadefe the fun, the latter of which nations is alfo faid to adore the crofs e. The Manta, a Peruvian peo- ple in the ifland of Puna, antiently adored a huge emerald, of the bignefs of an oftrich's egg, by offering to it other emeralds of a lefler fize. All which the priefts kept for their own ufe ; the doctrine, as Garcilaftb obferves, being founded on their avarice f. — [= Plin. Hift. Nat. T. 1. 1. 9. c 10. p. 504. h Mem. deTrev. An. 1703. p. 2035. c Journ. des Scav. T. 45. p, 538. d Id. Tom. 39. p. 526. c Bibl. Univ. T. 23. p. 87, 92. Le Clerc, Relat. de la Gafp. ap. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 23. p. 92. f Garcil. de la Vega. Hift. des Yncas, ap. Jour, des Scav. Juin. 1707. p. 457, 45S.] Several antient fathers, particularly Juftin, Origin, and Clemens Alexandrinus aflert, that God not only permitted the heathens to adore the fun and ftars, but that thefe lu- minaries were even given them for that purpofe, to be the object of religious worfhip, prevent their falling into atheifm, and ferve as means to raife them to the true God e. This doctrine is founded on a paftage in Mofes h, where the Jews are forbid fuch Adoration, as if the prohibition had been given to the Jews only, exclufive of the Gentiles. — [s Wbitby Diff. de S. Script. Interpr. Sec. 5. p. 35. Jour. Liter. T. 6. p. 96. feq. Mem. de Trev. An. 1719. p. 82. h Deut. c. iv, v ;9]

The Perfians chiefly paid their Adorations to the fun and fire, fome fay alfo to rivers, the wind,*tsV, The motive of adoring the fun was the benefits they received from that glorious luminary ', which of all creatures has doubt- lefs the beft pretenfions to fuch homage ; the inftitution of the fire-worftiip is ufually referred to Zoroafter. The retainers to it are called Ignicoke ; by the Perfians, Ghebr, Atefch, Perefh k .— [* Le Vayer, Dial. Scept. p. 290. k De Herbely Bibl. Orient, p. 144, 726. in Voc. Atefch, Perejb.] Dr. Hyde reduces the Perfian fire-worfhip to a fubordinate kind of honour, or fervice, which he calls pyrodulia, defend- ing that people from any charge of pyrolatria, or idolatry of fire'. A late traveller into thefe parts does the fame m. — [' Hyde, de Relig. Vet. Perf. ap. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 22. p. 159. '" Gemelli Careri, Voyage, ap. Jour, des Scav. T 67. p. 473. J

The Greeks and Romans alfo adored fire under the name of Vefta. Pliny mentions the method of adoring lightening, which was by poppifms, or gentle clappings of the hands. Plin. Hift. Nat. T. 2. 1. 28. c. 2. alfo Hardouin. Not. ad loc.

The Jews have been charged by Heathens with adoring the vine", an affes head, &c. By Chriftians, with adoring the book of the law ; a charge which one of their rabbies has been at the pains to defend them from °. The Adoration of the golden calf, into which they fell in the wildernefs, feems to have been borrowed, like many other of their ce- remonies from the Egyptians p .—[ n Gaffar. Curiof. Inv. in Pref. ° Manajf. ben Jfrael. Vindic. Jud. f Bibl. Choif. T. 3. p. 160.J

The Egyptians are faid to have paid Adoration to divers animals, plants, fifties, &e. the crocodile, the ibis, onions, and I know not what. But thofe were or.ly fymbolical, or relative acts of homage ; they adored the fun in a more pe- culiar manner, under the name of Ofiris. V. Ouvr. des Scav. Oct. 1699. p. 468.

It is difputed, whether theChinefe pay divine, or only civil honours to the ftatues of Confucius, and their anceftors. That people however, appear to adore heaven ; whence the in- scription in all their temples, and which even the Chriftians are faid to have retained in their churches, King Tien i. e. adore heaven. V. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 18. p. 665. The Indians are faid to adore the devil. Some charge the fame on the Bramins. V. Bibl. Univ. T. 6. p. 269. Hift. des Bramins, P. 2. c. i£, Bibl. Choif. T. 13. p. 202.

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