Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/474

 CAS

The fpecies of caryoph.llata, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe ; i. The common, or fmall flowered ovens* 2. The

large flowered avens. %* The ground ivy Ieav'd avens. 4. '1 he Virginian avens, with fmall white flowers, and fcentlefs roots.

5. The marih or water avens, with a purple bending flower.

6. The purple mountain averts, with flowers growing one up- on another. 7. The purple mountain avens, with flowers growing in a triple order on one another. 8 . The marm moun- tain avens. 9. The double flowered marih mountain avens. 10. The letter purple water avens, with bending flowers, ii. The mountain avens, with a drooping yellow flower. 1 2. The Pyrenean avens, with very large and rounded leaves, and drooping flowers. 13. The yellow flower'd alpine avens. 14. The purple flower'd alpine avens. 15. The white flower'd alpine avens. 16. The fmaller alpine avens. 17. The fmall- age Ieav'd alpine avens. i 8. The germander Ieav'd alpine avens. Tonm. Lift. p. 294.

The caryopbyliatcs differ from the ranunculus's in the cup of the flower, and from the cinquefoils in the made of their feeds.

Avens is fuppofed to be good to dry up catarrhs, and diffolve coagulated blood. CARYOPHYLLEOUS, in botany, a term ufed by Mr. Tournefort to exprefs a fort of flowers of the pink kind, or refembling the pink flowers in fhape. Thefe are compos'd of fevera! petals difpofed in an orbicular form, and arife from the bottom of the cup as from a fort of tube. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Oafs 1. and Tourn. Init. p. 329. CARYOPHYLLON Plimi, the fruit of the caflia caryophyllata, or cloveberry tree, whofe bark is ufed in medicine. C. Baubln. Pin. p. 119. CARYOPHYLLUS, the pink. See Pink. Caryophyllus aro?naticus, the clove fpice, in botany, the name of a genu? of trees, the characters of which are thefe: the flower is of the rofaceous kind, and is compos'd of fe- veral petals arranged in a circular form, and placed on a cup, which finally becomes an oval, umbilicated, unicapfular fruit, containing one oblong feed. There is no other known fpe- cies of this tree, but that which produces the common clove. 'Tourn. Inft. p. 661.

Clove fpice are efteemed ftomachic, carminative, and alexi- pharmic. See Clove, Cycl. and Suppl. Caryophyllus marinus, a name given by Dr. Woodward to a foflil mycetites, or coralloide body, found in feveral parts of Germany. CARYOTA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants de- fcribed by the author of the Hortus Malabaricus, under the name of fchunda-pana. The characters are thefe : it produces male and female flowers in the fame ear; the male flowers have for their cup the whole compound fpatha ; the flower is divided into three parts, and the petals are very fmall and fharp-pointed ; the germen of the piftil is roundifh, the ftile is pointed, and theftigma Ample ; the fruit is a roundifh berry, containing only one cell, in which are contained two large and oblong feeds, which are cylindric or rounded on one fide, and flatted on the other. Linntti Gen PI. p. 515. Mu- feum Cliffort. p. 12. Hort. Mai. T. 1. p. II. CARYSTIUM linum. See Linus* caryflium. Carystium inarmor. SccMarmor.

CARYUS, in the materia medica, a name given by Diofcori- des, and fome other of the antient Greeks, to the eryngium, or fea holly, called by us eryngo. It was thus named from its having a fmall head or clutter of flowers like a walnut. See Eryngium. CASA, in antient and middle age writers, is ufed to denote a

cottage or houfe. Casa Santa, denotes the chapel of the holy virgin at Loretto. The Santa Cafa is properly the houfe, or rather chamber, in which the blelTed virgin is faid to have been born, where fhe ■was betrothed to her fpoufe Jofeph, where the angel faJuted her, the Holy Ghoft overfhadowed her, and, by confequence, where the Son of God was conceived, or incarnated. This building, they tell us, was brought in a wonderful man- ner from Nazareth to Dalmatia, and lodged there upon the top of a hill or rock called Terfatto, on the 1 2th of May 1291; but that being threatened by the infidels, it was re- moved again by the fame angels, who all along guarded it ; and they brought it over the fea, and fet it down on the firft land they came at, which was near the city of Ancona ; from whence, not pleafed with the place, they removed it to the hill near Loretto, where it continues to this day; tho' it fuf- fered a little diflocation again, fometime after its firft re move; but it was not many paces, and nearer to the plain, beneath the hill, where it {till remains. Here, to prevent any new remove, they built a magnificent church over it, in the middle of which the facred depofitum is fecured, for the dura- tion of the papacy ; unlefs fome invafion of the Turks fhould fall upon and difmantle it.

Ferreri, an hundred years after the pretended tranflation. fpeaks of it as ftill at Nazareth. Vid. Voyag. Hift. de lTtai Lett hii.

Be this as it will, devout people, 'tis faid, have often attempt- ed to bring away a bit of (tone of this building, as a precious relick ; but no fooner were they got a little diitance off, than

CAS

the itones difappeared, and returned fpontaueoufly to their former place. Bibl. Ital. T. 7. p. 02.

The Santa Cafa, or holy chamber, coniifts of one room, 44 fpans long, 18 broad, and 23 high : over the chimney, in a nich, ftands the image called the great Madona, or lady, four foot high, made of cedar, and, as they fay, wrought by laint Luke; who was a carver as well as a phyfician. The mantle or robe fhe has on, is covered with innumerable jewels of ineftimable value. She has a crown given her by Lewis XIII. of France, and a little crown for her fon, Vid. Atlas Marit. p. 74, feq.

CASCABKL, the knob or button of metal behind the breech of a cannon, as a fort of handle whereby to elevate and direct the piece, iee Cannon.

The diameter of ihecafabelhthz diameter of the bore of the piece; the neck of the cafcabel is the part which joins it to the breech-mouldings. Moor, Treat, of Artilh P. 1. c. j. p. 2. Item. P. 2. c. 1. p. 27. GuilL Gent. D. P. 2. in voc.

CASCADE (Cycl.) — A natural cafcade, falling with a great noife, is more properly called a cataracl. Ozan, Diet. Math. p. 550. bee Cataract, Cycl.

CASCARILLA, a name by which fome authors have called the jefuits bark : the quinquina or china china of other writers. Mont. Exot. p. 8.

CASCA vela, in zoology, a name by which the Portuguefe in America call the rattle-fnake. SeeRATTLE-_/Wv.

CASE (Cycl.) fometimes denotes a veflel or receptacle in form of a tomb, commonly decorated with gold and iilver, wherein the body of a faint, or fome relicks of it, are preferv'd. See Relicks, Cycl.

In which fenfe, the word is formed from the French chaffe. Trev. Dic~t. Univ. T. 1. p. 1681, voc. chajje. Originally thefe cafes were made in the figure of little Gothic churches, purfuant to that antient chriftian maxim, that the faints having been the living temples of the Holy Ghoit, are entitled, after their death, to have their bones euclofed in the figure of the viable houfe of God. Davil, Archit.P. 2. p. 463, feq. voc. chaffe.

The cafe of St. Genevieve is never brought down without great ceremony, nor except in time of extreme public dangers or calamities. Trev. Di£t. Univ. T. 1. p. 1684. A frame of cafes, in printing, ufually confifts of two pair, viz. an upper and lower, Roman and Italic. Amjllow caje mews the letter belt, as being leaft ftiadowed by the fides of the boxes. A deep cafe has the advantage of holding a great number of letters, fo that the compofitor need not diftribute fo often ; befides that it does not grow low fo foon. Hought. Colledl. N° 304. p, 427. Item. N° 366, p. 431.

Case of a filk-worm, is a lodge framed within its web, wherein to depolite its ova.

Case is alfo ufed for a certain numerous quantity of divers things : a cafe of piftols implies a brace ; a cafe of Normandy glafs contains 120 foot. Di£t. Ruflr. T. 1. in voc.

Ca se is alfo ufed for a frame furrounding a door window, or the like. In which fenfe we fay a door-c^, window-c^, &c. Max. Mechan. Exerc. p. 153, feq.

CASEI dt cavalk, the name of a peculiar cheefe, famous in Italy and many other places, and made of the milk of the fe- male buffalo, that fpecies being as commonly tamed and kept there as the ox and heifer with us.

CASEOUS, fomething that partakes of the nature or qualities of cheefe. See Cheese, Cycl. and Suppl. Milk confifts of a cafeous, a butyrous, and a fcrous part. See

M-LK.

Wax, according to fome naturahfts, is formed of the cafeous

parts of the juices of plants, feparated by the bees from the

ferous parts, which make the honey. Phil. Tranf. N* 224.

p. 368. See Wax and Honey.

Cataracts are by fome divided into milky, and cafeous, differing

only in the degree of hardnefs or conuftence. Mem. de

Trev. Oct. 1710. p. 1812. See Cataract.

Konig gives a cafe of a cafeous empyema. Ephem. Acad.

N. C. dec. 2. an. 5. obf.98. SeeEMPYEMa, Cycl.

CASEMENT, in architecture, the fame with cavettc, which is a hollow moulding ; which with fome is \, and with others ^ of a circle in compafs.

Casement is alfo ufed in building for a little moveable window ufually within a larger, being made to open or turn on hinges. We fay, a fingle cafement, a folding cafement, a cafement with a lock, with a turn-about or turn-luckie, a cafement with a cock-fpur or pull-back at the hind fide, wherewith to draw it to. Neve, Build. Diet, in voc.

CASHEW-wwr. SeeCAjou.

CASIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, of which there are two fpecies : 1. The Montpelier poetick cafa, called the berry-bearing fhrub ofyrus. 2. The tali myrtle-leav'd Spa- nifh cafa.

CASING, among hunters, denotes the ftripping off the fkin of a hare, fox, or badger. They fay, fay a deer, cafe a hare, and all forts of vermin. This is done by beginning at the fnout ornofcof the bealt, and fo turning his fkin over his cars down to the body, and the very tail. Cox Gent. Recr. P. 1. p. 1 5.

Casing of timber-work is belt done on heart laths, by reafon the mortar is apt to decay the fap laths in a fhort time. 'Tis

com-