Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/469

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CARNUBIA, In the materia medica, a name by which fome authors have called the carob, or fweet pipe. Dale, Pharm. p. 461.

CAR.QB, caroba^ a medicinal pod or fruit, called alfo ceratia, and Jiliqua dukis, reputed a dryer and aflxingent. Alkyn, Dif- penf. P. 1. Se&. 2. c. 36. n. 55.

Carob is alio a (mail goldfmith's weight, amounting to the 24th part of a grain. It is alfo called prime. Ruft, Did. T. I. in vac. Trev. Did. T. i.p. 1463.

CARGENON, K*goi»or s fometimes alfo called carcnum-, denotes wine boiled down, till a third be evaporated. Gor. Med. Duf. p. 210. Linden, Ex. 10. §. ig> feq. C&Ji. Lex. Med p n8.

CAROL?, among fome phyficians, denote venereal puftules on the penis ; called alfo caries pudendoruiri. Ca/i. Lex. Med.

. p- 13 8 - ...

CAROLOSTADIANS, or Carlostadians, an antient fed, or branch, of Lutherans 5 who denied the real prefence of Chr'ift in the eucharifh.

They were thus denominated from their leader Andrew Ca- roloftadius, who having original !y been archdeacon ofWit- temberg, was converted by Luther,, and proved the firft of all the reformed clergy who took a wife; but difagreeing after- w,ards with Luther, chiefly in the point of the facramertQ found- ed a fed apart. The Caroiojladians are the fame with what arc otberwife denominated S^cra??ientarianf,3.ud agree in moft things with the Zuinglians. Prateol. Elench. Ha:ret. 1. 2. n, 8. Jour, des Scav. (T. 47. p. 653, SeeS'ACRAMENTARiAN, and ,ZytNGLi an, Cyd. .. -,

G&ROLUS (Cyd ) is ufed for a fmall copper French coin, mixl

with a little proportion of filver, firft ftruck by Charles VIII. of

France, whence it tookits name ; being at the time when it

ceafed to be current, valued at fix deniers. Savar. Diet. Com.


 * T. r; p. 566. ....

CAROPI, in botany, a name given by the inhabitants of the Phi- lippine i (lands to a plant more ufually known among authors by ihe name of iugus, a plant greatly efteemed by the natives, and f.ippofed by Camelli to be thctrueamomum. of the Greeks,

, fo much valued in thofe antient times. See Tugus.

CAROTEEL, in matters of commerce, denotes a certain weight or qumtity of .divers kinds of goods, ex. gr. of cloves, from four to five hundred weight, of currants from five to nine hundred weight, of mace about three hundred weight, and of nutmegs from fix to feven and an half hundred weight. Diet. Ruff. T. 1. invoc. ■ ., . . ;,

CAROT1C is ufed by fome writers to denote thofe who. are feized with the cants. Ephem. Acad. N. C. Dec, 2. An. 1. p. 4. Trey. Did. Univ. T. 1. p. 1464. See Carus, Cych

CARP, in ichthyology, fee the article Cyprinus. , • - The carp is the moft valuable of all kinds of fifh for the flock- ing of ponds. It is very, quick in its growth, and brings forth the fpawn three times in a year; fo that the increafe is very great : the female does not begin to breed till eight or nine years old, fo that in breeding-ponds a fupply muft be kept of carp of that age. The belt judges allow, that in flocking breeding pond four males fhould be allowed to every r,welvj females. The ufual growth of a carp is two or three, inches in length in a year,. but in ponds which receive the fattening of common fewers they have been known to grow from five inches to eighteen in one year. ..

A feeding pond of one acre extent will very well feed two hundred carp .of three years old, three hundred of two years old, and four hundred of a year old. Qarp de- light greatly in ponds that have marley fides ; they love alfo clay ponds well fheltered from the winds, and grown with weeds, and with long grafs at the edges, which they feed on in the hot months. . Carp and tench thrive very faff in ponds and rivers near the lea, where the water is a little brackifh, but they are not fo well tafted as. thofe which live in clear wa- ter. No fifh will thrive in a pond where there are many roach, except the pike which feeds on them. Grains, blood, chick- ens guts, and the likej may be at times thrown into ponds where there are carp, to help to fatten the filh. If the breeding aiid feeding this fifh were a thing more un- derftood than it is at prefent, the advantages might beve.- ty great, and fifnponds become as valuable an article as gar- dens. The gentleman who has land in his own hands, may, heficle furnifhing his own table, and making prcfents to his friends, raife a great deal of money, and very confiderably improve his land at the fame time, fo as to make jt really yield more this way, than by any other employment whatever. •Suppofe the place a meadow of forty millings an acre, four acres of this in pond will return every year very eafily a thoufand fed carps from the leaft fize that is ea.ten to .fif- teen inches long, befide pikes, pearch, tench, and other fry. 'Suppofe the carps are i'aleable at from fixpence to a milling apiece, they will bring twenty-five pound, which is fix pound five fhillings an acre for the land made into the pond. When a great deal of water is defigned to be brought, they firft fpitofFthe ground on which the bank is to ftand, and form the pan of the pond. The gentleman who keeps land in his own hand, and will do this, will find no expence in the making his pond, if near his other land ; for the earth that is dug out may be laid oh the lands, and will fave all the price of manure for a long time. Suppl. Vol. I.

If the foil about the waters be jfloorifh, the making a pon<! will keep up a fupply of water that' will make it always moift, and it will ferve excellently for the planting of oziers, which will turn to a very confiderable account. If cattle graze, near the large ponds they will ferve them for water- ing places, and they will delight to (land in them in hot Weather, in which cafe their dung which falls in is a fine fpod for the fifh, at the fame time that it does great good alfo to the cattle.

The carp is a very cunning and wary fifhi it very often efcapes the net, and, when angled for, requires great fkill and patience in the fportfman to make any great work of it. The carp always chufes the deepen- parts of ponds and rivers, and in the laft it is generally found in places where the ftrcam is leaft perceptible. The carp will never bite iri fold weather ; and in the hot months the angler can never be either too early in the morning, or too late in the even- ing for the fport; when he has once taken the bait, there is no fear of his getting away, for he is one of the leather- mouth'd fifhes.

The tackle in fifhing for carp muft be very Itrong, and it will, be proper to bait the place. before-hand where he is to be fifhed for t with a coarfe parte. The red worm is the beft bait in March, the cade in June, and the erafs- hopper in July, Auguft, and September. Not only thefe baits, but a fwcet pafte may be ufed in angling for carp, with great fuccefs. There are many kinds of thefe partes made up by the anglers, but the general ba- ns of them all is fugar or honey with flour ; thefe fort of paftes are not only proper to bait the hook with, but they may be thrown into the water fome hours before to draw the .fifh together. It may be proper alfo to bring the carp to the place intended for the angling for them, by throw- ing in cow-dung and blood, or bran and blood mixed to- gether, fome chickens guts cut fmall, and fmall pellets of theie fwect paftes : this .will learn them to frequent the place, as a part beft fupplied with food, and the having fed, with fafety before, will make them the lefs fufped the bait on the hook. A very much efteemed pafte is made thus; take common wheat flour, and veal', or any other young meat, of each equal quantities, beat them together in a mortar, till the meat is thoroughly diflblved, or broke to pieces, then add about half the quantity of honey i beat it. well together again, and finally add more flour till the whole is of a, proper confidence. This has the advantage of a pafte, and an animal bait at once, and hangs well upon .the hook, fo that it feldom miffes fuccefs. Mcrfim. Hufband- ry,T. 1. p. 294.

To make the carp in a pond grow large and fat, the growth of grafs under the water fhould be by all means poffible en- couraged 5 to this purpofeas the water decreafes in the be- ginning of fummer, the fides of the pond left naked and dry, fhould be well raked with an iron rake, to deftroy all the weeds, and cut up the furface of the earth ■ hay-feed fhould be fown plentifully in thefe places, and more ground prepared in the fame, manner .as. the water falls more and more away. By this means there will be a fine and plentiful growth of young grafs along the fides of the pond to the water's edg>% and when the rains fill up the pond again this will be \\\ buried under the water, and will make a. feeding place for the fifhj, where they will come early in the morning, and will fatten greatly upon what they find there,. .

CAKf -font* lapis carpXonis, a kind .of gem faid to be found in the fauces, by others in the back-bone of the carp fifh, about the fize of a pea, of a triangular figure, and white colour with- out, but yellow within. It is fuppofed to be of ufe acrainft the ftone, and ebullitions of the bile, being taken in powder, or held in the mouth. Rul. Lex. Akh. p. 279; voC. lapis. Nicolf. Lapid. P. 3* c. 47. . . . . 1 ,

CAR-p-meais,& coarfe kind of cloth,, made in the Northern Dart" of England. Did. Ruft. T.,i. in voc. ' V '

CARPACK, in the /Egyptian drefs, a fort of red cap turned up with furr, which fome make a cuftom of wearing in com- mon, though it is properly a part of the drefs of°the inter- preters only, the fame cap with muflin tied round it being more. properly the common drefs. Pocock's YEo-ypt, p iqi

CARPASIUM /i»«7b. .SeeLiNUMC^>«. *'

CARPASUM, or Carpasium, in the materia medics of the ari- tients, the name of a poifonous gum, exfudating from a tree i'o like myrrh in appearance that many perifhed by the error of ufinfe it inftead of myrrh, or mixed among it. We are, at this time": wholly ignorant of what it was, but that it was a gum exfudating from a tree is plain from the account of Diofcof ides', who* calls it opocarpafum, as we do the flowing balm, of Gilead opobalfamum. The wood of. the tree which prddiice'd it' he calls xylocarpafum, in the fame manner as the other wood is called. xy/oba/fmium. This wood was little Ick poifbnous tha'ri the carpafum, or gum itfelf.

Galen tells, us .that ..the carpafum. was, like rhyrrh of thd very pureft and finefl kind, and that thofe people who were 1 moft curious of all to have fine myrrh, often met with the carpafum among it, and gave death, 1 inftead of relief to the , perfons they adminiftred it to. We find by the words of Galeri in this place, that this gum was not only like myrrh, but was alfo brought from the frfine places, arid was often mixed with 1 -6 N