Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/451

 CAN

p,erfofis. And hence tlie title of duller juris utrhtfeue, or legum Waiter, ufually exprefled in abreviature, L. L. D. or J. U. D.

CANOO. See the article Canow.

CANOPUS, in aftronomy, a bright ftar of the firft magnitude in the rudder of Argo, a conftellation of the Southern hemi- fpherc. See Arco, Cyd.

Vitruvius places campus in the tip of the rudder, Bayer in the place where the helm touches the water. Vitruv. de Archit. I. 9. c. 7.

Hyginus calls it the laft flar of the river Eridanu', Pliny de- fcribes it as a huge bright flar, fldus ingens et durum '. Prbclus calls it ^aw^ arv. F. Thomas, the iefuit, affures it is the biggeft in the heavens after Sirius b. It is alfo called fucbd,fi- hd or fobail-. Sometimes Rubayl, Ptolemceus, Ptolemaon, Sic. d By the Chincfe, lao-ginf.ng, the ftar of long livers '. — [» Plin. Hift. Nat. 16. c. 22. b Mem.Acad.Scienc. An. 1693. p. 390. c D' llibd. Bibl. Orient, p. 817. voc. fibail. i Bayer, Ura- nometr. Tab. Trev. Dia. Univ. T. 1. p. 1400. "Leu. Edif. T. 7. p. 172.J

The longitude of canopus, as given by Halley, for the year 1700, is 10° 52'ofCancer, and its fouthern latitude, 72 49'. F. Noel, in 1697, found its right afcenfion, 93" 54', its de- clination fouthwards, 52" 29'«. F. Feuille, in the "beginning of March 17C9, obferved the declination of campus 52° 30' 4"°

. F.Thomas, injanuary 1682, found the declination 52° 31' 33" its right afcenfion 93° 32' 20", longitude, 8°. 52', of Cancer,

. latitude fouthern, 75» 55' '. — \*Wolf. Lex. Math. p. 305, feq. b Mem. Acad. Scienc.an. 1693. p. 390, feq.]

CANOPY, in architecture and fculpture, a magnificent kind of decoration, ferving to cover, and crown an altar, throne, tri- bunal, pulpit, chair, or the like. Davil. Courf. d' Architect. P. 2. p. 539. voc. dais. See Baldachin. The word is formed from the barbarous latin campeum a, of the Greek *««i.i», a net fpread over a bed to keep off the gnats, from r.«v„+, culex, a gnat". — [»Z>» Gangs, GlolT. Lat. T. 1. p. 761. '•Skin. Etym.Angl. in voc]

Cancpies are alfo borne over die head in procefilons of ftate, after the manner of umbrellas.

The campy of an altar is more peculiarly called cikrium. Bingb Orig. Ecclef. 1. 8. c. 6. §. 18. See Cibokium. The Roman grandees had their canopies, or fpread veils, called

. thenfx, over their chairs : the like were alfo in temples over

' the ftatues of the gods. The modern cardinals ftill retain the ufe of canopies. Pkifi. Lex. Ant. T. 2. p. 950. voc. tbenfo.

CANOSA, in zoology, the name by which Salvian, and fome

. other authors have called the canis galeus, and mulleins levis, a kind of fhark. Wilhgbby's Hift. Pifc. p. 5 1.

CANOW, a kind of boat in ufe among the Indians of America. The word is alfo written canoo', canoe », and cannow =. It is

. borrowed from the Spanifh canoa, which fignifies the fame, and that from the language of the Indians. — [• Grew Muf. Reo\ Societ. P. 4. Sec. z. p. 364. b Sim. ttym. And. in voc. ' Boyle, Phil. Work. abr. T. I. p. 12.]

The commonmraa.among the Indians,are thofe made of trees hollowed ; being either greater or lefs,according to the fee of the tree they are made of. They are rowed with paddles, and rarely carry fails ; the loading is laid at the bottom : but having no baited they are frequently turned upfide down. They have no rudder, the want of which isfupplied by the hind oars. The negroes of Guinea ufe the fame fort of ca?!cws,thou%h made in a different manner. They are long fhaped, having only room for one perfon in width, and 7 or 8 in length ; they fliew lit- tle wood above the water; thofe who row are extremely dex- terous, not only in giving the ftrokes with cadence and uni- formity, by which their tanmos feem to fly along the furface of the water, but alfo in ballancing the veffel with their bodies, ami preventing their overturning, which otherwife, on account of their lightnefs, would continually happen. Add, that when they are overturned, they have the addrefs to turn them up again in the water itfelf, and mount them anew. They venture as far as four leagues to fca, but dare not venture further. They are ufually 1 6 foot long, and a foot or two wide, though there are fome larger, as far as 35 foot long, 5 wide, and 3 high, ufed for the carriage of cattle, and expeditions in war. They are fined with fails made of rufhes. On return from a voyage the canons are not left in the water, but prefently drawn ailiore, where they are hung by the two ends, and left to dry ; in which ftate they are fo light, that two rnen will eafily carry them on their fhoulders. The canows of the Canadefe are made of the bark of the birch tree, fomctimes large enough to hold 4 or 5 perfons. Thofe of the favages of Terra del Fuego, and the other iflands of the ftraits of Magellan, are alfo of bark, and fafhioned with great fkill,from 10 to 16 foot long, and two wide, capable of holding 8 men, who row Handing, with a fwiftnefs which gives fur- prize. Ar.bin. Did. Mar. p. 1 6. , feq.

In the repofitory of the Royal Society is the model of a Green- land tflraiu,cnvered with feal fkins, and refcmbling a great blad- der ; fo as thatjhowever the waves daft over it,~thc perfon in it fits fafe. It is rowed with a fingle paddle. Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. P. 4 Sect. 2. p. 36 a, feq. CANSTRISIUS, Kore-fioi®., an officer in the church of Conftan- tinople, whofe bufinef, is to take care of the patriarchs pontifi- cal vcftments, affift in robing him, and during mafs to hold the

C A N

incenfe pot, and fprinklc holy Water among the people, while; the hymn of the trinity is fingmg.

The word is alfo written Ccmjlrmfms, K«- f „«-,©. ; it is ufually derived from canijlrum, a name which fome fuppofe given to the incenfe pot, others to the kind of balket in which the patriarchs veftments were kept. Du Canee, GIofT. Gr T '. p. 576. Magri, Notiz. de Vocab. Ecclef. p. ri. Trev! Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1400. Fi

CANT, a quaint, aftMed manner offpeakiiig, or writing ad- apted chiefly to the lower fort. See Canting language. Skinner racks his invention for the origin of the word cant, which he deduces fucceffivcly from the German, Flemifh, La- tin and Saxon tongues. But his learning in this, as on many other occafions, ferves only to puzzle and mifiead him. Cant is originally the proper name of aCameronian preacher in Scotland, who, hy exercife, had obtained the faculty of talking in the pulpit in fuch a tone and dialeft as was underftood by none but his own congregation.

Since Andrew Cant's time, the word has been extended to fig- mfy all fudden exclamations, whining, unmufical tones, and in fine, all praying and preaching like that pradifed by the more zealous and lefs knowing, among the prefbyterian minifters.

Cant is alfo applied to words and phrafes affeaed by particular perfons, or profeffions for low ends, and not authorized by the eftabliihed language. See Canting.

Cant is not reilrained to the ftyle of gypfies, thieves, and beg- gars, but poffeffes a large department' in the politer provinces of the Englifh language.

A late writer afligns divers foiirces of cant words; one is the natural taciturnity of the Englifh people, which leads them to clip their longer words, by pronouncing only the firft fyllahle, and difmiffing the reft ; whence the words phizz, bippo, molb, pozz, bamm, &c. Tatl. N 6 230. T. 4. p. 17 J. The fea language will rrtoft of it come under the denomination of cant ; and the like holds of the terms in alchemy, heraldry, not to fay in aftrology, or even chemiftry, pharmacy; &c. In reality, the difference between a cant term, and a technical term is not eafy to aifign, unlefs we chufe to reftrain the for- mer, to words introduced out of folly, affeaation, or impofture; and the latter to fuch are introduced for the fake of clearnefs, precifion, and fignificancy.

Cant is alfo ufed to denote a fale by auaion. Stat. Abr. 8vo. tit. Taxes, n. 68 r. T. 4. p. 107.

The origin of the word, in this fenfe, Is dubious ; It may come, according to fome, from quantum, how much ; according to others, from cantare, to fing, or cry aloud ; agreeably to which, we fometimes alfo call it an out-cry. Trev. Dia. Univ. T. 2. p, 1 153. voc. encan.

Cant is alfo a term ufed by fome carpenters; when a piece of timber comes the wrong way in their work, they fay cant it ; i. e. turn it over. Neve, Build. Did. in voc.

Cant is alfo popularly ufed for an angle, or corner.

CANTABRIAN, the antient language of the north eaftern part of Spain, in ufe before the country was fubdued by the Romans.

Dr. Wallis" feems to make the Cantabrian the antient laneunge of all Spain : Which, according to him, like the Gaulifh, gave way to a kind of broken latin called romance or rcmcmgje ; which by degrees was refined into the Caftilian or prefent Spanifh. But we can hardly fuppofe, that fo large a country, inhabited by fuch a variety of people, fpoke all the fame language b . — [ * Vid. Wall. Gram. Angl. in Pref. Greenw. Engl. Gram. Pref. p. 12. §. i;. b Wilk . Real Charaft. 1. 1. c. 2. §. 3.] The antient Cantabrian, in effba, is ftill found to fubfift in the more barren and mountainous parts of the province of Bifcay, Afturias, and Navarre, as far as Bayonne; much as the Britiih does inWales ; but the people only talk it : for writinrj,they ufe either the Spanifh or French, as they happen to live under the one or the other nation Some attribute this to a jealoufy of foreigners learning the myfteries of their language ; others to a poverty of words and expreftions. The Cantabrian does not appear to have any affinity with any other known language, abating that fome Spanifh words have been adopted into it for things whofe ufe the Bifcayans were antiently unacquainted with. Its pronunciation is not difagreable, and the greater part of its nouns end in a in the fingular,and in ac in the plural. Such are ctrva, and cervac, heaven ; lurra and lurrac, earth ; eguzquia, fun ; izarquia, moon ; izarra, ftar ; odeya, cloud ; /;«7,fire; ibaya, river; una, village '; ecbea, houfe; ocea, bed; oguia, bread ; ardava, wine, &c.

The Lords prayer, in the Cantabrian tongue, runs thus : Gure ait a cervetan aicena, fanclifca bedi hire iccna, elbor becli birerefu- ma, eguin bedi hire vorondatea cervan becala lurrean ere, &c. Vid. lesDelicesde 1' Efpagne, T. I. p. 107, feq. Aa. Erud. Lipf. 1707. p.99, feq. CANTABRICA, in botany, a name by which different authors call two different (pedes of plants. The cantabrica of Pliny is therapunculus. The cantabrica of Turner the clove eilli- flower. Gcr. Emac. Ind. 2. Cantabrica is alfo a name ufed by Clufius and fome others for the little narrow-leaved bind weed. See the article Con- volvulus. CANTABRUM, in antiquity, a large kind of flag ufed by the Roman emperors, diftinguiflied by its peculiar colour,and bear- ing