Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/45

 ADO

ADO

eeed from the lilly, narciffus, hyacinth, and other flowers ; and afterwards grow to true roots. The French call them Cayeux, Stalks. Mil. Gard. Difi. in Voc. ADNOUN, Adnomen, or Adname, is ufed by fome gram- marians to exprefs what we more ufually call an Adjective. Low. Gram. Lat. p. 3, and 8.

The word is formed by way of analogy, to Adverb, in re- gard Adjectives have much the fame office and relation 10 nouns, that Adverbs have to Verbs.

Bifhop U'ilkins ufes the word Adname in another fenfe viz. for what we otherwife call a Prapofition. Real. Charait. P. 3. c. 3. §. 1. p. 309. ADON AI, one of the names of God in fcripture : this word fignifics properly my Lords, in the plural number, as Adorn, fignifies my Lord, in the Angular number. The Jews, who either out of refpect, or fuperffition, do not pronounce the name of Jehovah, read Adonai in the room of it, as often as they meet with Jehovah in the Hebrew text. But the antient Jews were not fo nice ; there is no law which for- bids them to pronounce the name of God. Calmer. Diet, in voc. Hoffm. Lex. Univ. T. I. p. 62. Adonai, is originally Hebrew, but adopted into the En- glish and other modern tongues.

The word literally fignifies Lord, and accordingly is ren- dered in the Septuagint by K„;„<, and in thevulgate by Do- minus. Herbert. Relig. Gent. c. 3. p. 28. Trev. Dift. Univ. T. I. p. 137. feq.

Adonai amounts to the fame with Jehova or Elohim. We find great difputes in authors, concerning the ufe and acceptation of the word Adonai ; particularly, whether it is always read for the word Jehovah.

This has given rife to two oppofite k&s among Hehraijls, called Aionifts and Jehovijls. V. Mem. de Trev. an. 1709. p. 1 120.

The Bafilidians feem to have made a magic ufe of the word Adonai, which is frequently found inferibed on their gems, or Abraxas. V. Montfaue. PaI;eogr. Grasc. 1. 2. c. 8. p. 170. See Abraxas.

Adonai is a name fometimes alfo applied to Creatures, viz. angels and men. In which fenfe, it frequently occurs in the Hebrew bible.

Ordinarily where it ftandsfor men, it is put in the lingular number, Adoni ; or if in the plural, it is diflinguilbcd by a (hort a ; whereas, when fpoken of God, it is always writ- ten Adonai, with a Kametz, or long A. V. Jour, des Scav. T. 44. p. 549. See alfo Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 53. p. 600: and Act. Erud. Lipf. ann. 1685. p. 202; Mem. de Trev. ann. 1711. p. 2072. Du Fin; Bibl. Proteft. T. 2. p. 270, 329. ADONIA, \Cycl.) in antiquity, folemn feafts in honour of Ve- nus, and in memory of her beloved Adonis a : The Adonia were otherwife called Salambo '. The abbe Banier has a memoir exprefs on the hiftory of the Ado- nia c.

The Adonia were obferved with great folerrinity by mofr. nations d, Greeks, Phoenicians, Lycians % Syrians, Egyp- tians, &c.

From Syria, they are fuppdfed to have paffed into India ' : The prophet Ezekiel is understood to fpeak of them s. They were ftill obferved at Alexandria, in the time of St. Cyril h ; and at Antioch in that of Julian the apoftate, who happened to enter that city during the folemnity, which was taken for an ill omen '. Some pretend to difcover certain traces of them in the Perfian feaft Noroux * — [" V. Meurf. Griec. Ferial. Pott. Archaeol. Art. 1. 2. c. 20. Le Clerc Bibl. Univ. T. 3. p. 13. See alfo SW. Lex. T. 1. p. 55. in A}»»« and aSs»k, Kujl. Not. ad eund. Morer. Dift. T. 1. p. 40. feq. Hoffm. Lex. Univ.T. i.p. 62. Calm. Did. T. 1. p. 48. feq. Bayle, Di&. T. 1. p. 81. feq. " Lamprid. in Vita Heliog. c. 7. ' Mem. Acad. Infcript. T. 4. p. 138. feq. ' Bayle, loc. cit. •Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 9. p. 323. 'Id. T. 8. p. 991. s Ezek. c. viu. v. 14. 1 Cyr. in Efai. 1. 2. ' Am. Mareell. 1. 22. c. 9. k Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 18. p. 544,] The Adonia Iafted two days ; on the firft of which certain images of Venus and Adonis were carried, with all the pomp and ceremonies nradifed at funerals; the women wept, tore their hair, beat their breads, tjfe. imitating the cries and lamentations of Venus, for the death of her paramour. This lamentation they called A3W« or aJ«,i«,ji.s. Lucian^ fays the river Byblos bore a part in the ceremony, turning red at that time out of grief. Lueian de Dea Syria. Nouv.°Rep. Lett. T. 37. p. 327.

The Syrians were not contented with weeping, but <rave themfelves difcipline, Ihaved their heads, &c. Among" the Egyptians, the queen herfelf ufed to carry the image of Adonis in proceffion.

St. Cyril, mentions an extraordinary ceremony prafiifed by the Alexandrians : a letter was written 'to the women of By- blos, to inform them that Adonis was found again, this let- ter was thrown into the fea, which did not fail punflually to convey it to Byblos in feven days; upon the receipt of which the Byblian women ceafed their mourning. Cyr. ubi Supr. the like is related by Proeop. Gaz. in comm. in Efai. c. 18. Bayle, loc. cit. Suppl. Vol. I.

The Egyptian Adonia are faid to have been held in memory of the death of Ofiris ; by others, in that of his ficknefs and recovery '. Bifhop Patrick dates their origin from the daugh- ter of the firft born under Mofes ».— [< Bibl. Univ. T. 3. p. 13. m Exod. c. xii; v. 30. V. Patric. ad loc. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 39. p. 577. J

ADONIAS, in botany, a name given by the antient Greek writers to the Anemone, from the tradition of its having been produced out of the earth by the tears of Venus, when la- menting the death of Adonis.

The antients had a vaft variety of this flower, and were very fond of it in their garlands ; Pliny tells us, of a bulbous rooted Anemone; but that being mentioned by no other au- thor, and being contrary to the ordinary courfe of nature, in the ftruerure of plants, it is probable that there never was any fuch plant; but that it is either an error of Pliny in fome of his translations from the Greek writers, or eKe a mere child of his own imagination. Theophrafhis, fpeaking of the flowers ufed in garlands, mentions the wild or moun- tain anemone, and the woolly bulbocodium. Pliny feems to have had this paftage in his eye, in one part of his account of the-anemone, and probably has carelefsly joined together the anemone and the bulbocodium, and made one imagi- nary plant from them both.

ADONIC, (Cycl.) — We meet with Adonics by themfelves with- out fapphics, as alfo fappbics without Adonics.— The fcheme of the Adonic verfe is thus,

For an inftance of Adonic verfes, take the following from Bcethius, de Confol. Philof. 1. 1. p. 67. Gaudict pclle, Pclle timorem, Spemqtte fugatoj Nee dolor adfit : hfubila mens etc, Vinci 'aque freenis, Heec ubi regnant. ADONIDES, in botany, are thofe writers, who have given hiftories, or catalogues of the plants cultivated in fome par- ticular place. Linneeus, Fund. Bot. p. 1. ADONION, cfhnm, among the antient botanifb, a fpecies of fouthernwood according to Gorraus, which ufed to be fet in pots, and ferved as an ornament for gardens. Gorr. Def: Medic; ADONIS, in zoology, the name of a fmall fifh, of the an- guilliform kind, of a cylindric fhape, and about fix inches long ; it is of a gold colour, mixt with a greenifli hue in fome parts, and in others with a reddiih. It has on each fide, a white ftrait line running from the gills to the tail. Its gills are very remarkably finally and many have fuppofed thence that it had none. It is remarkable for fleeping on the Surface of the water, and hear the fhores ; and Ron- deletius affirms, that he has feen of them fleeping upon the dry rocks. Gejncr de Pifc. p. 15.

Mr. Ray fufpects this fifll, which is alfo called exoccetus, to be the fame with the exocietus of Bellonius, or the got- torugine. See Gottorugike. Adonis Flos, pheafant's eye, or red maithers, in botany. The characters of this plant are, the leaves are like fennel, or chamomile ; the flowers confilt of many leaves, which are expanded in form of a fofe ; and the feeds are collected into oblong heads.

There are three varieties of this plant, commonly called, 1. The common red bird's eye, or rofe a ruby. 2. The long leaved yellow bird's eye. 3; The hellebore rooted pheafant's eye ; of, the fennel leaved black hellebore. Adonis Potio, an antient beverage or drink made of wine, mixed with flower of roafted ador ; the fame with what was otherwife called cyceon. Salmaf. Exerc. adSolin. p. 328. Cagnat. Var. Obferv. c. 23. p. 198. Hoffm. Lex. Univ. T, 1. p. 64. ADONISTS, a fe£f, or party among divines, and critics, who maintain, that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the confonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural points be- longing to that word, nor exprefs the true pronunciation of it, but are the vowel points, belonging to the words Adonai or Elohim, applied to the confonants of the ineffable name Jeho- vah ; to warn the readers, that inftcad of the word Jehovah, which the Jews were forbid to pronounce, and the true pronun- ciation of which had been long unknown to them, they are al- ways to read Adonai.

In this fenfe Adonijls Stands oppofed to Jehovfts. Drufius, Amama, Capellus, Buxtorf, Alting and Rcland, are the principal among the Adonijls ; a collection of whofe writings on the fubject, together with thofe of their oppo- fers, has been lately publilhed by the author laft mentioned. Decaff. Exercit. PhilcJ. de veraPronunc. Nom. Jehovah, Traj. ad Rhen. an. I707. 8vo. Extracts of it are given in Jour, des Scav. T. 44. p. 537. feq. Mem. de Trev. an. 1714. p. 694. ADOPTIANI, (Cyr/.)—The Adoption!, are fometimes called Adoptionarii ; fometimes Feliciani, Elipandiani, and Ur- 1 L gelatani J