Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/448

 CAN

CAN

The flower is monepctalous, but divided into fix parts; the fe-| veral parts arc pointed, and grow together at their bafes ; the three exterior ones arc placed erect, and are twice as large as the cup, the three interior are long, two of them are erect, and one reflex.

The Stamen is a Angle-pointed filament, very like in Shape to the laft feement of the flower, arid affixed uppoiite to' it; and bent back ; the anthers ftrait and flender,and fixed to the edge of the ftamen; the piftilum is compofed of a roundifh, rough germen, placed under the receptacle of the feeds ; a tingle pointed Stylus, of the length and fhape of one of the dlvifwns or jags of the flower, and a long, flender, or narrow ftigma oft the margin of the Stylus. The fruit is a roundifh, rough cap- fule divided into three parts. The feeds are roundifh. Linnm, Gen.PJ. p. i* See Cannacorus.

Canna, in the antient pharmacy and botany, denoted the cala- mus aromaticus, or according to others, cafha, fiftula. Salmaf. Exerc. adSohn. T. i. p. 1303.

Canna alfo denotes a fort of long meafure, otherwife called by modern authors a cane, by the Latins calamus, and in fcripture a reed. Calm. Diet. Bibl. T. 1. p. 342. The Roman canna contains four braccios % or palms, equiva- lent to fix feet eleven inches Paris meafure b. — [ a Crufc. Vo- cab. T. 2. p, 273. b Davll. Courf. <T Archit. P. 2. p. 445. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. i.p. 347 .]

The canna appears to have been antiently ufed for a land-mea- fure, aiifwering to our rod, or pole. The canna was eflimatcd at eight palms. Rcgift. Walt. GifF, Archiepifc. Ebor. p. 45- Jac. Law Diet, in voc.

CANNABIS, himp,i ip botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which arc thefe : the flowers are of the apeta- lous kind, being compofed Only of a number of Stamina placed in a cup. Thefe are barren, and the embryo fruits grow on fuch plants of hemp as have no flowers. The fpecies of hemp enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe. 1. The common male hemp. 2. The common female hemp. And ^- The tall African hemp with Small feeds. Town. Hift. p. 535. See Hemp.

CANNACORUS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which, according to Tournefort, are thefe : the flower is lilliaceous, and confifts of one leaf of a tubular form, and divided into fix fegments at the edge; from, one of thefe fegments there grows a flender body which feems to Supply tin office of a piftil, and as if it alfo was to fupply that of the flamina, it is furnifhed with afort of apex or head. The cup. which is tubular,enciofes tbeflower,arid finally becomes a fruit of an oblong or roundifh fhape and membranaceous Structure, divided into three cells, and contains feveral roundifh feeds "The fpecies of cannacorus enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe : i.Thecommon broad-leaved cannacorus. 2. The cannaco- rus, with yellow fpotted flowers. 3. The cannacorus, with very largeleaves, and red flowers. 4. The cannacorus, with Shining Scarlet flowers. 5. The narrow leaved cannacorus, with yel- low flowers. And, 6. The cannacorus, with yellow roots,faid to be the curcuma or turmerickof thefhops. Toum. Lift, p 367,

CANNEL coal, a black bituminous foffil, frequent in Stafford- shire and Lancashire, of a fine hard texture, fo as to receive a polifli, and become of Service for divers works inftead of ivory, but chiefly ufed for fuel, as affording a brighter, and purer flame. than the common iea-coal. See Coal. Dr. Woodward takes our cannel coal to be the fame with the lapis ampelites of the antients, and the lapis obfldianus of Some later writers. Plin. Hift. Nat. 1. 3;.c. 16. DiofcorA. 5. c. 1 8.1. Woodw. Meth. Kofi", cl. 4. c. 2. Ejufd. Nat. Hift. Engl. Eoft". T. 1. cl. 7. P. r. See Ampelites, he. Cannel-coal, or as fome call it canal-coal, is alfo found in Cum- berland, and fome other counties of the North. — It is of fo clofe a texture, that it will take a tolerable polifh. The choir of the cathedral of Litchfield is faid to be in a great meafure paved with cannel-coal for the black, and alabafter for the white, which when clean refembles marble. It alfo turns like ivory into many pretty works, as ink ftandifhes, falts, candleSticks, &c. Woodw. Nat. Hift Engl. Foil T. 2. p. 17. In difpofmg it for fire regard is had to the grain. If they would have it burn flow they lay it flatwife on the fire, if clear, they fet it edgewife, in which cafe it burns as light as a candle. Bought. Collect. N° 239. p. 152.

CANNEVAROLA, in zoology, a name by which Aldrovandus and fome other authors have called the lefler reed fparrow, call- ed by others, ficedula cannabina, and by Mr. Ray pafTerarun- dinaceus minor. It is of the fize of the common redbreaft, or fomewhatfmaller, and lives among reeds in watery places, on which it fings very fweetly. Its rump is olive- coloured, the reft of its back greyifh ; its breaft is white, its throat yellowifh, and its legs and beak are very large in proportion to its fize, Rays Ornithol. p. oq. See Tab. of Birds, N u 16.

CANNIBAL, or Canibal, is ufed by modern writers for an an- thropophagus, or man-eater, more especially of the Weft In- dies. See Anthropophagi, QcI. and Suppl. The denomination cannibal ma& properly belongs to the natives or lavages of the Caribbee iflands, among whom it is an eftab- lifhed cuftom to kill and cat their prifoncrs of war. The name is properly that of the nations who were antiently poifefled of ail the Carribbee iflands 3 and Still remain poSfeSTors of fome of

then!, cither in the whole, or in part ; particularly thofe of St. Vincent, Bekia, and St. Domingo. Some reprefent them as a gigantic people, whofe arrows are dipt in a poifon which give the hydrophobia to thofe wounded with them. Zacb. Queft. Med.Leg. 1.2. tit. 1. quaeft. 17. n. 7. Cajl. Lex.Mcd. p.^r" The origin of the word is unknown : ''1 is fuppofed to be A- merican. The people themfelves_gjve the name calllnago to their men, and callipona to their women. The Europeans are firft faid to have given them the denomination,CW^ orCa- ribbees. They are fuppofed to be defcended from the Galibis, a people of the neighbouring continent. Trcv. Diet. Univ. T. »- P. '433- Martin, Diet. Geogr. T.2. P.2. p. 236. feq. voc! caraibe.

Some derive the origin of the venereal difeafe from thecannibah, attributing it to I know not what venomous quality in man's flefh, of which thofe people feed ». The cannibals themfelves eat no flefh of thofe who die a natural death, as being unwhole- fome h. When the cannibals of St. Vincent take any of the Arouages, their hereditary enemies, prifoners, they feed them high four or five days, and then make a feaft, and facrifice them to Maboya. Such of their enemies as are killed in battle they eat on the fpot. They only fave women and children for Slaves ; they have eaten perfons of all nations that have come among them. They fay the French arc tenderer than the Spaniards. Since their converfion to chriftianity they Shew- more humanity to their victims than before ; they kill and eat

them without exercifmg other cruelties before-hand c. [*Bac

Nat. Hift. Cent. r. §.26. Md. Cent. 9, §. 859. 'Bibl! Un'iv.T. 6. p. 256. J

CANNOCK, or Cannot-/?^, a bafe fort of iron oar, in Staf- fordshire mines, of which the worft metal is made. Plot, Nat Hift. Stafford, c. 4. §. 17, & 20. Bought. Collect. T. 2. N.271! p. 220.

CANNON (Cycl.) — In the lift of aids raifed for the redemption of king John of France* in 1 368, mention is made of an offi- cer in the French army called majler of the kings cannons, and of his providing four great cannon for the garrifon of Harfleur. Du Cange even finds mention of the fame engines inFfoiSTart, and other French hiftorians fome time earlier a. TheGermans carry the invention of cannon farther back, and attribute it to Albertus Magnus, a Dominican monk, about the year 1250 5. If. Voflius rejects all thefe conjectures, and finds cannons in Chi- na almoft 1700 years ago. According to him they were mounted by the emperor Kitcy, in the year of Chrift 85 c. — [ a Du Cange, GloSILat. T. 1. p. jsi.voccanones. b Rd- man, Enleit. Hift. Liter. I, 2. c. 98. p. 210. c Vojf. Var. Ob- fcrv. c. 14. p. 83- J

Cannon arc fometimes cooled by fmeering them with Sheep Skin dip'd in water mixed with vinegar. Without this pre- caution they are apt to burfl after many difcharges. 'Tis al- fo requisite to clean them with the fpunge, that no fire may be left behind to endanger the next charge of powder. Fafc. Inq. Lex. p. 864. \oz.fluck.

Cannon of battery, among the Italians, are thofe which carry an iron ball from 20 to 50 pound weight.

Culver ins, thofe which carry a ball from 14 to 30 pound weight.

Feild peiccs, or fmall artillery, thofe which carry a ball from 1 to 1 o or 12 pound weight.

Pattereros thofe which carry a flone Shot from 14 to 100 pound weight. Moore's Treat. Artill. P. 1. c. 6. Different nations, it is to be obferved, give different propor- tions to pieces of the fame denomination. So that we have an Italian, a German, a French, and an Englifh fet of cannons, all differently adjufted. Among the Germans, the

Extraordinary reinforced Cannon, is that which Shoots a ball above 70 pound weight. We find mention of divers fuch among the older writers on the military art; fome carrying 80 pounds, and even upwards; but they are difufed.

Double Cannon, is intended more for curiofity than ufe, being too bulky for fervice. It carries an iron ball of 96 pound, and. is 17 calibres, or 14 foot long, weighing 128 hundredweight.

Whole Cannon, that which carries a ball of 4S pound weight. It is 18 calibres long; weighs 86, or according to Woffius from 70 to 80 hundreds, requires 24 pounds of powder to each Shot, three cannoneers to attend it, and ten labourers, and to remove it 30 horfes.

Three Quarter Cannon, that which Shoots a ball of 36 pGunds weight, being 20 calibres long, and weighing 72, or, accord- ing to Wolfius from 60 to 70 hundreds. Its charge is 18 pound of powder, and to the management of it are required two can- noneers, and 8 fervants, and to bring it into the field 2 6 horfes are ncceffary. It carries the ball a fomewhat lefs distance than the whole cannon.

Demi Cannon, or Balf Cannon, Mezzo cannone, that which Shoots a ball of 24 pound weight. It is 23 calibres long, 55, or according to Wolfius, from 50 to 60, hundreds weight, re- quires 12 pounds of powder to each Shot, two cannoneers, and 6 labourers, and to bring it to the field 20, or according to Wolfius, 1 6 horfes.

Quarter Cannon, that which Shoots a ball of j? pound weight. It is 28 calibres long, weighs 33, or, according to Wolfius, from 2S to 30 hundreds weight. Its charge of powder is 6 pound ; to manage it are required two cannoneers, with <; or 6 labourers; to bring ittothe field 12, or according toWoffius,

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