Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/447

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dog-day*, which is about the time when thelefTerdog-ftarrifes with the fun ; whereas the greater dog-ftar does not rife till near a month after. Yet is not the vulgar error on the whole To great as DrJSrown would make it. The canicular days, according to the true account, commencing twenty days before the rifmg of Sirius, will begin the 27 th of July, and end the 4th of Sep- tember. Dr. Bainbrigge, affxonomy profeflbr at Oxford, has a treatife exprefs on the dog-days, under the title of canicidaria b ; to which is added by Greaves, a demon ft rati on of the heliacal riling of tirius for the parallel of the Lower Egypt. — \*Viial. Lex. Math. p. 387. Trev. Di£. Univ. T. 1. p. 1386, b Ox- en. L64.8. J2°.j

Canicular year, annus caniadaris, denotes the Egyptian natu- ral year, which was computed from one heliacal rifmg of cani- cula to the next. Strauch. Brev. Chronol. I, 1. c. 6. § 14. This is alfo called annus canarius, and annus cynkus ; by the Egyptians themfelves the Sotkic year* from Sotb a denomination given by them to Sinus. Some alfo call it the heliacal year. The canicular year confsftcd ordinarily of 365 days, and every 4th year of 366 days, by which it was accommodated to the civil year. The reafon of their choice of canicula before the other ftars, to compute their time by, was not only the fuperi- or brightnefs of that ftar, butbecaufe its hehacal rifmg was in Egypt a time of fingular note, as falling on the grcateft aug- mentation of the Nile, the reputed father of Egypt. Ephe- Ition adds, that from the afpeci of canicula, its habit and co- lour the Egyptians d few. prognoses concerning the rife of the Nile; and, according to Floras, predicted the future irate of the year. So that the firft riling of this ftar was yearly obferved with great attention. Bainbrig. Canicul. c. 4. p. 26. feq. CANICLLUM, or Caniculus, umaMam in the Byzantine antiquities, a golden ftandifb, or ink veflel, decorated with precious ft ones, wherein was kept the facred encaufium, or red ink, wherewith the emperors figned their decrees, letters, &c. The word is by fome derived from cams or caniculus, ; alluding to the figure of a dog, which it reprefented ; or rather becaufe it was fupported by the figures of dogs a. By Salmafius from Kacic, an inkhorn b. — \jAUman. ad Procop. Hift, Arcan. Du Cange, Gloll*. Gr. T. 1. p. 574. b Salmaf. Exerc. ad Solin. T. 1. p. 129.J

The caniculmn was under the care of a particular officer of irate, hence called caniclinm or canideus, ««»**«©■, or em th x«.~ Kjctew, who was in great requeft. Du Cange will have the ca- Tiidinus to have been the fame with the logotheta. Du Cange, Glofs. Grasc.T. 1. p. 574. Ejufd. Glofl". Lat. T. 1. p. 741. Salmaf- Exerc. ad Solin. p. 129. Montfauc . Palseegr. Gr. 1. r. c. 3.] See Logotheta. CANICUM, in botany, a name given by Avicenna, and fome other authors, to the fmall celandine or pile-wort. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. CANINA lappa, in botany, a name given by fome of the old Roman authors to the fruit of theaparineorgoofe-grafs. They are called by others lappa ioaria, and lappa cam-rite, and the plant lappa and lappago. CANINANA, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of ferpent found in America, and efteemed one ofthelefs poifonous kinds. It grows to about two foot long, and is green on the back, and yellow on the belly. It feeds on eggs and fmall birds; the na- tives cut oft its head and tail, and eat the body as a delicate difli. Rays Syn. anim. p. 328, CANINE, {CycL) in a general fenfe, fomething that relates to dogs.

Dr. Douglafs gives frequent comparifons between the canine mufcles and the human. Dough Myol. in Pra?f. p. 6. The voice of perfons feized with the hydrophobia is frequent- ly utterea with a fffffowhoarfenefs, and bears fome refemblance to the barking of a dog a. Dr. Lifter accounts for the cynical appearances in the hydrophobia from a fuppofition, that the patient has undergone fomewhat of a transformation into the canine nature, or that certain of the organical parts of his body, efpecially the gula, tongue, &c. are difpofed after the manner of a dog b. — [ 3 Phil. Tranf. N° 207. p. 25. b Phil. Tranf. N° 147. p. 169.] Canine appetite, appeteviia, or fames canina, amounts to much the fame with bulimia-, though the more exa<5t writers make a diftinction between the two. See Bulimy. We have a late furprifing inftance of the canine appetite, men- tioned in the Philofophical Tranfad~tions,N° 476. p. -^66, feq. and p. 38 (. A boy had this extraordinary craving appetite to fuch a degree as to make him devour about 380 pounds of food in fix days. It can hardly be called eating, as nothing pafTed the ftomach, but every thing was thrown up again ; this difor- der fucceeded a fever. The boy left the ufe of his legs and thighs, and died a few months after, quite emaciated. Conine laughter, rifus caninus, that wherein the lips are drawn far back, and the mouth much extended. Ticv. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1387. Canine ligament, nu^sa-^ov,\s that whereby the prepuce of the human penis is faflencd totheglans, otherwife called the ft -a- num. Gorr. Med, Defin. vbc. xvwfatry.w, Caji. Lex. Med. p. 1 30. See Penis, Fr^num, &c. Cyd. Can ike madnefs. rabies canina, is ufually fuppofed the fame with hydrophobia, though fomediitinguifb, applying the former de- nomination where the patient raves, or has loll ail ufe of reafeni

the latter, where he ftill retains his reafoning faculty, only nil members are fubjeit to certain involuntary convulfive motions^ as thole of an epileptic or aguifh perfbn. Ephern. Acad. N.C Dec. 3. an. 2. Ohf. 104. p. 136. feq. See Hydrophobic and Mania, Cyd. and Suppl.

The rabies canina is never without the hydfophobia 3 but the . latter frequently without the former.

CAtJiNF.fi/pBur, a fort of native fulphur difcovered near Reggio s intermixed with earthy or ftony matters ; thus called by reafon that dogs are fo fond of it as to dig it out of the earth. Giorn. - deLettred' Ital. T. 30. p. 266. feq. See Sulphur. Canine teeth, thefe are alfo called cynodontes, *W*m< 3 ; and by the women eye-teeth b. — [* CaJ. Lex. Med. p. 23S. voc. cyno- dontes. b Drak. Anthrop. 1. 4. c. 3.] CANINUS ferpens, in zoology, a name given by fome writers to the mauballa of the Ceylonefe, a fnake that has a way of flying at every thing that comes in its way, in the manner of our dogs. Ray's Syn. An, p. 337. • CANIS, dog, in the Linna=ari fyftcm of zoology, makes a diftincl: but very large genus of animals, taking in all the dog kind, which this author only accounts fo many varieties, and the wolf and fox, which he accounts diftind fpecies. The charac- ters of this genus are, that the creatures of it have ten paps* four on the breaft, and fix on the belly, feet adapted to running with five toes on the fore ones, and four on the hinder. The common dog he diftinguifhes by his crooked tail, the fox he 'calls the dog with a ftrait tail, as long as his body; and the wolf the dog with a ftrait tail fhorter than its body. Linna?us'% Syftem Naturae, p. 36. See Dog. Can is carcharias, in natural hiltory, a name given by Rondele- tius, and other authors, to that fpecies of fhark called the lamia* or white fhark by others, or carcarias, lamia, &c. See Tab. of Fifties. N°3. Can is gakus, in zoology, the name of a large fifh of the mark kind. It has three rows of extremely fharp teeth ; the eyes are fmall fur the fize of the fifh, the pupils areproportionably fmall, and the iris of a fine bright filver colour, with a caft of blue or green. Thenoftriis are fmall, and fituateel between the mouth and the end of the nofe ; and the nofe, fo far as it is extended beyond the noftrils, is pellucid. It is of a dufky colour on the back, and a filver white on the belly, and its flefh. is tender, and not ill tafted. It is brought to market in Rome, and is fome- times caught alfo on our own coafts, as about Penzance in Cornwall.lt is extremely fond of human flefh, and will venture to leap up even upon the fhoar for hM'ilfugbby's Hift.Pifc p. 5 [. Canis volans, in zoology, the name of an animal properly of the bat or vefpertilio kind, and diftinguifhed by Linnaeus by the name of vefpertillio cauda nulla, the taillefs Bat. Seba, T.i.p.91. CANKER, (Cyd.) denotes any gnawing ulcer that corrodes the

flefh about it. Canker feems alfo popularly ufed for a gangrene, or beginning

mortification. See Gangrene. CANKERisalfo adifeafe in dogs, which feizes their ears. Diet.

Ruft. T. 1. in voc. Canker, in hawks, breeds in the throat and tongue, occasioned by foul feeding. It is cured by warning the mouth with honey, and white wine boiled together, then ftrewing it with chervil powder. Tret: Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1621. voc. chancre. Canker, in horfes, isaloathfome forrauce, which if it continue long uncured, fo fefters and putrifies the part, that it will eat to the very bone, and if it happens to come upon the tongue will eat it afundcr ; lighting upon the nofe it devours the griftle through. Did. Ruft. T. 1. in voc. Canker, in trees, a term ufed by our farmers to exprefs a wound or blemifh in the trunk of a tree, which does not heal up by- nature, but will encreafe and damage, if not endanger, the whole tree. Thefe wounds are fometimes occafioned by ac- cidents, as blows, or by the branches of one tree galling another by the motion they are put into by the winds ; if this latter be the cafe,the offending branch mult be cut off, or drawn another way, or elfe all remedies are vain.

The wound mult be cut and enlarged every way to the quick, and all the decayed wood muft be taken clean out, then the whole internal furface of the wound mull be rubbed over with tar mingled with oil, and after this it muft be filled up with clay and horfe dung mixed together, or with horfe dung alone, which many efteem belt of all ; in this cafe the dung muft be bound over with a rag ; hogs dung is by many preferred to horfe dung for this purpofe, and it is proper to add to this appli- cation the keeping of the roots cool and moifi, by laying fern and nettles about them. If the canker be only in one of the boughs of the tree, the fhort way is to cut off the bough at once. If that be a large one, it fhould be cut oft atfome diftance from the body of a tree, but if a fmall one it fhould be cutoff clofe„ The adding a coat of dung, and pond or river mud about the roots of trees, if they are fubjccl: to this from their ftanding in a dry barren land, as is often the cafe, is a very good cure. Mortimer's Hufbandry, V. 2. p. 79. Canker worm. SeeScARAj)_#us.

CANNA, in the Linnse-an fyftem of botany, the name of a o-enua of plants, called cannacorus by Tournefort and other authors. It characters are, that the flower-cup iscompofed of threeleavcs, which are fmall, coloured, pointed, placed eretSt, and remain a long time.

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