Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/440

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great broad-leaved campanula, called by authors trachellum gl- gantcum, or giant throatwort. 6. The common rough nettle- leaved campanula. 7. The purple-flowered rough nettle-leaved campanula. 8. The double-flowered rough nettle-leaved cam- panula. 9. The white-flowered rough nettle leaved campanula. 10. The double-white nettle-leaved campanula. 1 1 . The long- leaved nettle campanula, with fmoother leaves. 1 2. The fmoother long-leaved nettle campanula^ with white flowers. 13. The tall pyramidal campanula, called rampions. 14. The alpine py- ramidal campanula, with leaves like vipers buglofs. 15. The fmooth alpine campanula, with very pale blue flowers. 16. The white-flowered Bononian campanula. 17. The fmall pyramidal, campanula. 1 8. The great flowered campanula, with leaves like thofe of lampfana or nipplewort. 19. The tube- rous-rooted campanula of the Canaries, with leaves like thofe of the atriplex. 20. The field campanula, with roots like thofe of the garden rampions. 21. The garden campanula, with long leaves and flowers, 22. The white-flowered garden campanula, with long leaves and flowers 23. The pale whi- tifh-flowered garden campanula, with long leaves and flowers. 24. The purple-flowered garden campanula, with long leaves and flowers. 25. The variegated blue and white garden cam- panula, with long leaves and flowers. ?6. The blue-flowered double campanula, with long leaves and flowers. 27. The middle-fized campanula, with the lower leaves hoary. 28. The Spanifh cut-leaved campanula, with long flowers. 29. The long leaved alpine campanula, with fhin ng leaves. ",o. The clofter-flqwered wild campanula 31. The cluffer-flowercd white field campanula. 32. The field campanula, with fingle flowers placed at distances on the ftalks. 33. The white- flowered field campanula, with fcattered flowers. 34. The round-headed alpine campanula. 35. The round-headed hairy alpine campanula, with roundifh leaves. 36. The common round-leaved campanula. 37. The alpine campanula, with an angular leaf, like that of the teucrium. 38. Theechium-Ieaved eampanu'a, with hairy flowers. 39, The alkanet-leaved cam- panula, with long flowers. 4.0. The large flowered ftone cam- panula, with leaves like thofe of echium. 41. The hoary al- pine campanula, with a pyramidal fpike of flowers. 42. The urnbellated campanula, with long hairy leaves. 43. The tall alpine hairy campanula, with a fmall flower. 44. The alpine campanula, with leaves like thofe of goats beard. 45. The red duffer- flowered meadow campanula. 46, The purple- flowered globular-headed alpine campanula. 47. The large- Uowered white ftone campanula, with echium leaves. 4S. The curled echium-leaved ftone campanula. 49. The peach- leaved campanula. 50. The double blue peach-leaved campanula. S*. The white-flowered peach-leaved campanula. 52. The double white peach-leaved campanula. 53. The great narrow- leaveJ wood campanula, with large flowers. 54. The lefler narrow-leaved large- flowered wood campanula. 55. The fmall- flowered narrow-leaved wood campanula. 56. The branched white fmall -flowered ca?npanula. 57. The blue campanula, with eatable roots, called the efculent rampions. 58. The white-flowered campanula, with efculent roots. 59. The little American campanula^ with rigid leaves and a white wide flower. 60. The little alpine campanu'a, with a pyramidal fpike of flowers. 61. The hairy daify-leaved campanula. 62. The 11 ,e flax-leaved alpine campanula. 63. 'I he fcarccr flax-leaved blue campanu'a. 64. The dwarf creeping alpine campa?nda, with large flowers 65. The ftone campanula of Crete, with daify-like leaves, and a hirge flower. 66. The common fmall round-leaved campanula. 67. The white -flowered common fmall round-leaved campmnda. 68. The little round-leaved campanula^ with a Tingle flower at the end of each fralk. 69. The leaft round-leaved alpine campanula. 70. The lea ft round- leaved campanu'a. 71. The ivy-leaved campanula. 72. The thvme-leaved campanula. 7?. The black-flowered broad- leaved alpine campanula. 74. The fmall annual campanula, with jagged leaves. 75. The white-flowered fmall cut-leaved annual campanula. 76. The long rooted round-leaved campa- nula. 77 The little round-leaved campanula, with a large pentangular flower. 78. The roundifh ferrated-leavcd cam- panula. 79. The hairy campanu'a, with leaves like bafil, each furrounding the fhtlk, and pendulous flowers. 80. The dwarf narrow-leaved fingle-fiowered Portugal campanu'a. 81. The upright field campanula, called by many viola arvenfis, is the field volet. 82. The procumbent Held campanula. 83. The long and broad-leaved field campanula. 84. Thefmdl field campanula, with hairy feed-veifels. 85. The upright field camt-anula, with a white flower. 86. The large-leaved Thra- cian field campanula. S;. The perfoliate field campanula. Tourn. ]nft. p. \ 10, j 1 r, 112.

The different forts of this plant make beautiful ornaments for cliimnies,and other places, being very tail, very much branched, and full of large and beautiful flowers, which retain their beauty a long time.

They are propagated by fowing their feeds in March, in a bed of light and undung'd foil, or by parting the roots; but the latter method being the more expeditious, is moll practifed. Almoft every flip, taken from the roots in September, and in March, will thrive ; but the plants raifed from feeds are ken to produce the fineft flowers : they are very tedious, however, this way, being three or four years before they flower. They

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'mould, therefore, be tranfplanted the September after their" fowing into nurfery-beds, which fhould be of a light foil and not wet ; they fhould be fet here at fix inches fquare, and in frofry weather, the whole beds fhould be covered with mats, which will greatly ftrengthen the roots. In the September of the third year, they fhould be removed into pots, and fheltcred, during the fevere weather, in glafs frames; or elfe in wet weather, the pots muft be turned ftdeways ; and in very cold, they muft he fet^ under a warm wall, and covered with haulm, and furrounded with a little dung on the outfides of the pots, to preferve the roots from the frofrs. Thefe plants will often fucceed without this care, but with it they produce their flowers in fuch beauty and plentv, as amply to reward it, Miller's Gard. Diet

CAMPECHE Woed. (Cycl.) feems to fbme to be the fame with what is otherwifc called brafii Jour. desScav. T. S6. p. 551. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 26. p. 518. Sec Brasil, Cycl. It takes the former denomination from the city Campecbe, about which it grows in greatefr plenty.

CAMPECHIA, in botany, the name by which Sir Hans Sloane has called the logwood-tree, called by Linnseus htzmatoxylunu See H^matoxuum.

CAMPESTRE, in antiquity, a fort of cover for the privities, worn by the Roman foldicrs in their field exercifes; being girt under the navel, and hanging down to the knees. The name is fuppofed to be formed from campus, the field of place where the Roman foldiers performed their exercifes. Turneb. Adverf. I. 27. c. 22. Pittfc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 337. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 724. Trev. Did. Univ. T. 1. p. 1 371.

CAMPHOR (CycL)—lt has been difputcd to what fpecies of vegetable juices camphor properly belongs ? fome will have it a gum, others a refm, others a volatile fait. Phil. Tranf. N° 3^9- P- 3 22 -.

But camphor is we'd known to be a vegetable production, and much has been written of it by the chemifts, yet we do not feem to have any fatisfactory account of it, either as to the manner in which it is collected in the Indies, or as to what it truly is; and while we readily acknowledge it a vegetable production, yet it is odd, that we cannot produce any o.her fubject perfectly like it, either from the animal, vegetable, or mineral kingdoms.

It is evident, that it is neither a fait nor a gum, fmce it is not folublein water; nor is it a refin, fince it does not yield by diftillation either a phlegm or oil, or an acid fpirit, as all re- finsdo; much lefs does it leave a caput mortuum like thofe bodies. It totally vanifhes and evaporates in the open air ; in hot water, it firft runs and then evaporates, and in fpirit of wine, or fpirit of nitre, it wholly diffolves. It is no oil, be- cause it is not unctuous to the touch, but is a firm, dry, cry- flalliz'd matter; in its evaporation in the air, it leaves no re- mainder; and in clofe veffels over the fire, it rifes entire with- out diftillation, and appears at the top of the vefTel in a dry form. It leaves no caput mortuum, is fubject to no feparation of parts, and takes no empireumatic fmell ; in mixing with concentrated fpirit of nitre, it makes no ebullition, but pla- cidly refolves into a fort of oil. This is extremely different from the effect of all vegetable oils, which are known to ef- fervefce violently with this acid, and fome even to take fire, and are finally converted by it into a dry refin. Camphor is therefore an inflammable fubftance, fui generis, an artificial, fublimated, dry, white, pellucid, and cryftallized body, acrid to the tafte, of an aromatic fmell, extremely fragrant, brittle, and eafily evaporable by fire, or in a warm air. When broken, it appears bright, fmooth, and faponaceous, but not unctuous to the touch; it conftfts of a copious inflammable principle, a fmall portion of water, and yet lefs of a very fine and fubtile earth, mixt intimately together. Act Eruditor, 1727. p. 524. The common ways of keeping it from evaporation, are by burying it in linfeed, millet, pepper, or the like, but the ra- tional way is, by keeping it from the external air ; this is beff. done by wraping it up in a paper or bladder, and putting it then into a leaden box, or an earthen, or glafs vefTel fet in a cool place. Or it may be preferved in large quantities, only by papering it up carefully, and putting it in wooden veffels in a cellar. Notwithftanding that it is a body fo nicely and intimately combined, in its own texture, yet it is ready at all times for medicinal ufe; and as it is not eafy to give it any preparation, fo it needs none. In its natural ftate, it readily mixes with all oils and inflammable fpirits, and this without fear of evaporation ; it has no. change of colour in folution with fpirit of nitre, but when diflblved with oil of vitriol, it becomes brown, and finally, red; and if water .be added to either of thefe folutions, the camphor is precipitated in its pro- per and folid form ; it may, however, be abfolutely difFolved, by long maceration and frequent drawing over by the retort, with either of thefe menftruums.

The two medicinal preparations of campho^, m ufe now in the fhops, are the folution of it in wine and in oil; the one called camphorated fpirit of wine, the other, oil of camphor

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Th

e preparation of the firft is by bare mixture, and requires no diftillation, whether fait of tartar be or be not added to it. T he oil of camphor, is either prepared by folution, or fubli- mat'ion ; the firic is, either by diflblving camphor in fome ex-

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