Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/44

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fielp a. The Admtniculator is the fame with what is other- wile called Advocate of the poor b. — [ a Magri Vocab. Ecclef. p. 5. Sptlm. Gloff. p. 11. Du Cange, Glofl". Lat. T. 1. p. 62. Hoffm. Lex. Univ. T. 1. p. 60. b Mural. Hilt. Ecclef. 1. 2. feci. 2. p. 454.] See Advocate.

ADMINISTRATION, (CycL) — The Adminijlration of go- vernment denotes, or ought to denote, the attendance of the truftees of the people on the intereft and affairs of the people a. Synefius b, the emperor Conft. Porphyrogenitus % and others, have written on the Adminijlration of government. — [ a Cato's Letters, T. 1. p. 98. It. T. 2. p. 3, 64. b Synef. de Regno bene Gcrendo ; a notitia of which is given in Fabric. Bibl. Grsec. T. 8. I. 5. c. 22. p. 222. c Conft. Porphyr. de Admimftrando Imperio ; a notitia of it is given in Fabric. loc. cit. T. 6. I. 5. §. 17. p. 486. and in Hift. Crit. Rep. Lett. T. 7. p. 226.]

The two criterions of a good Adminijlration in England, ac- cording to Trenchard, are, the keeping the nation out of foreign broils, and paying off the public debts ; the latter of which depends on the former. Cato's Lett. T. 1. Ptcf. p. 27.

Administration is alfo ufed by anatomifts, for the manner of differing the parts of the bodv, particularly the mufcles. V. Gaelic Hift. Anat. §. 4. p. 4'ot 38. In which fenfe, Adnunijlration is fynonymous with Enchei- refis, Exerdfe, &c.

Anatomical Adminijlrations are not to be learned by oral pre- cepts a, but require ocular infpection. — Galen b, Harvey, and others % have difcourfes exprefs under the title of anato- mical Adminijlrations. — [a Dougl. Myogr. in Pref. p. 10. b Fabric. Bibl. Grace. T. 3. p. 529. c Wood, Faft. Oxon. T. 2. p. 56.]

Administration is alfo ufed for a Spanifh ftaple at Calao in Peru, a city on the coafts of the fouth-fea, where all fhips, allowed to trade on the coaft, are obliged to unload their Eu- ropean goods, and pay certain duties. Savar. Did. Comm. T. 1. p. 24.

ADMINISTRATOR, (CycL) is fometimes ufed for the pre- fident of a province. Hoffm. Lex. Univ. T. i. p. 60. In a like fenfe, we alfo find the word adminijlrans ufed for the reftor provincial a. — Sometimes alfo the word adminijlra- tioxs ufed by a figure in the fame fenfe; much as regnum is ufed for rex, &c b. — [ a Brijf. de Verb. Signif. p. 17. b Spartian. in Pefcen. Nig. c. 7. Lamprid. in Alex. c. 30. Sahnaf. Not. ad loc. and Hoffm. log. cic.J

Administrator is alfo ufed for the advocate of a church.

Administrator is alfo ufed for a perfon appointed to receive, manage, and diftribute the revenues of a hofpital, or religious houfe.

In which fenfe, we read of the Ad?nini/lrators of the Hotel- Dieu ; Adminijlrators of the hofpital of St. John, in the or- der of Malta, &c. Jour, des Scav. T. 83. p. 12.

Administrator is alfo ufed for a prince who enjoys the revenues of a fecularized bifhopric.

Yet this title does not hold univerfally : the king of England, as elector of Brunfwic-Lunenburg, for inftance, is not called Adminijlrator, but duke of Bremen and Verden; and the king of Pruflia is not Adminijlrator, but duke of Magdeburg, and prince of Halberftadt. De la Croix, Geogr. Univerf. P. 1. p. 141. Act. Erud. Lipf. 1693. p. 116.

Administrator is alfo ufed for the regent or protector of a kingdom, during the minority of its proper prince, or even a vacancy of the throne.

In which fenfe, we fay the Adminijlrator of Wirtemberg, of Sweden, &c a. Ferdinand king of Arragon was made Ad- minijlrator of the kingdom of Caftile, during the minority of Charles V. by the intereft of cardinal Ximenes b .— [ a Richcl. Diet. T. 1. p. 32. b Mem. de Trev. an. 1704. p. 679.] 'Tis difputed, whether Adminijlrators may be properly faid to be fovereigns a, and whether women be capable of the office in France, without infraction of the Salic law b ? — [* Vitriar. Inft. Jur. Publ. 1. 1. c. 3. qu. 38. b Hotom. Franc. Gall. c. 20. p. 128.]

The pope pretends to the Adminijlration of the empire, dur- ing a vacancy, by cenfure, or fufpenfion. We find an an- tient papal bull dated thus : — Domino nojlro Papa Alexandre Romanian Imperium tenente, £3* Hederico III. regnante a. Some will allow the emperor himfelf for no more than Ad- minijlrator of the empire, or director of the diets thereof b — [ a Bibl. Anc. Mod. T. 26. p. 22. b Boecl. Notit. Imper. 1. 22. c. 3. p. 383.]

Administrator, in the Englifh law. See the Cychpadia ; and Raft, Term, de Ley, p. 11. feq. and Cowd's Interpr! in voc.

The origin of Adminijlrators is derived from the civil law. Their eftablifhment in England is owing to a ftatute made in the thirty-firft year of Edward III. Till then, no office of this kind was known, bcfide that of executor : in cafe of a want of which, the ordinary had the difpofal of goods of per- fons inteftate, &c.

We find many things in law books concerning the office, powers, privileges, &c. of Adminijlrators; the diftribution they are to make of the effects of the defunct among the relations ; the property they have in the goods ; how far

they are accountable ; in cafe of mifmanagement, how they are to make fatisfaction de bonis propri'ts ; how to plead, fue, and be fued j for the detail of which, we mult refer to the Abridgments of the law.

ADMINISTRATIVE power, is ufed by fome in contradistinc- tion to dominion, or power in propriety. 'Tis contraverted whether the power given to Auguftus were only adminijlrative, or proper and immediate. The affirma- tive is aflerted by Cocccius, who infilts, that the people ne- ver diverted themfelves of the fovereign power, to confer it on that emperor. Bibl. Germ. T. 19. p. 163.

ADMINISTRATRIX, me that hath goods and chattels of an inteftate committed to her charge, as an Adminijlrator. See Administrator, CycL and Suppl.

ADMIRAL, (Cycl.)~ Admiral, in conchyliologv, the name given by authors to a very beautiful, and very precious fhell, of the voluta kind. See Tab. of Shells, N°. 10. Of thefe the curious reckon four fpecies. 1. The grand Ad- miral. 2. The vice Admiral. 3. The orange AdmiraL And, 4. The extra Admiral.

The firft of thefe is the moft efteemed, and has been fold, in Holland, for five hundred florins the fmgle fhell. It is of a very elegant and bright white enamel, and is variegated with bands of yellow, reprefenting, in fome degree, the colours of the flags of a man of war at fea ; hence it obtained its name. It is of a very curious fhape, and particularly ele- gantly formed about the head ; the clavicle being exerted. There runs along the center of the large yellow band in this fhell, a fine denticulated line, which is its diitinguifhing cha- racter.

The vice Admiral is an elegant fhell, but its head is left beautifully wrought than in the Admiral^ and its broad band wants the dentated line, fo remarkable in that. The orange Admiral has more yellow than either of the others.

The extra Admiral has the fame bands with thefe, but they run one into another, and form a more mixed clouding.

ADMONITION, in ecclefiaftical affaivs, a part of difcipline much ufed in the antient church a. It was the firft act, or ftep, towards the punifhment, or expulfion of delinquents. In cafe of private offences, it was performed according to the evan- gelical rule b, privately : in cafe of public offence, openly, before the church. If either of thofe took place, ^for the recovery of the fallen perfon, all further proceedings, in the way of cenfure, ceafed : if they did not, recourfe was had to excommunication. — [ a Vid. Bingh. Orig. Ecclef. T. 2. 1 16. c. 2. §. 6. p. 31. Calv. Inft. I. 4. c. 12. §. 2. b Matth. £. xviii. v. 15. feq. J

By the antient canons, nine monitories, or Admonitions, at duediftance, are required before excommunication. In fome cafes, the interval might be abridged, and only a fingle one given. There is a kind of tacit Achnonition fuppoled, even before excommunications ipfo fa£io. Jour, des Scav. T. 58. p. 258.

In the reformed churches, Admonition is chiefly to be ad- miniftred in and by the conjtjlory. Act. of Synod. Charent. c. 5. p. 42.

The Romans had a military punifhment, called Admonkio fujlhun, refembling, in fome refpects, our whipping, or lafh- ing, being performed with a vine- branch. V. Sicbterman.- Diff. de Pcen. Milit. Rom. c. 12. Jour, des Scav. T. 41. p. 480. Briffon. de Verb. Sign, and Calv. Lex. Jur. Admonition is alfo ufed, in writers of the barbarous age, for the citation, or fummoning a perfon to appear in a court of juftice. Du Cang. GlolT. Lat. T. 1. p. 63. See Citation, Summons, &c. ADMORTIZATION, among feudal writers, the act of re- ducing lands to mortmain. See Mortmain. Admortization denotes the acquifition of lands, by a mo- naftery, college, church, chapel, or even lay corpora- tion; by which fuch lands ceafe to be fubject to certain dues and incumbrances, to which other feuds are liable, as relief, ward, marriage, and the like. V. Du Cang. GlolT. Lat. T. 1.

Admortization cannot take place without the confent of the prince, or lord of the feud ; to whom fatisfaction or- dinarily is made for the lofs he fuftains, by a payment of a third part of the whole price. ADNATA, {CycL) — The Adnata fprings from the pericra- nium, and grows to the exterior part of the tunica cornea, ferving to connect the whole eye both to the palpebral, and and the adjacent bones, and thus keep it faft in the focket : whence it is alfo called conjunctiva.

To leave room for the viiible fpecies to pafs thro' it, a little round aperture is left in the fore part, called the fioht, thro' which the iris, and pupilla appear. Drake AnthropoL 1. 3. c. 11. p. 324.

The Adnata abounds with veins and arteries, which, though ordinarily not vifible, are confpicuous in ophthaimies, which are properly inflammations of this part. The academifts no- tura curiofi give the hiftory of a dropfv of the Adnata, and its cure. Ephem. Germ. Dec. 3. an. 3. Obf. 3. p. 4. Adnata, or Adnascentia, among gardeners, denote thofe oft-fets 3 which by a new germination under the earth, pro- 2 eeed