Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/424

 C A L

C A L

Teft. T. I. p. 138. Suic. Thef. Ecclef. T. 2. p. 17. See Cainites, Cycl. CAIC, Caique, Caica, in the fea language, is ufed to denote the fluff, or floop belonging to a galley.

The CofTacs give the fame name arte to a fmall kind of bark ufed in the navigation of the black fea. It is equipt with 40 or 50 men, all foldiers : Their employment is a kind of pi- racy \ The Turks have alfo a fort of caics, which fome render by biremes b. — [ a Aubin. Did:. Mar. p. 142. b Du Gauge, GlofT. Grsc. p. 540. voc. KflMKc.] CAJEPUT, an oil brought from the Eaft-Indies. The fmell of the oil of cajeput refembles that of cardamoms; hence Dr. Trew judges the plant from which it is obtained to be the elegans mekgettee /pedes, defcribed by Sobelius, or the grams paradyfi five me'tgitta affinis fruclus. C. B. pin. Comm-.rc. Norimh 1737- Hebd. 17. § 2.

Four or five drops of this oil of cajeput, in a proper liquor, is re- commended as an excellent nervous medicine, and as of great efficacy in the cardialgia. Co?n. Nor hub. 1732. Hebd. 2. 1737. Hebd. 24. and 1734- Hebd. 5. CAINS, in the ifland ofCandia, denote Greeks revolted, and re- tired to the Venetians, either at Suda, or Spina longa ; who in time of war, burn, pillage, and commit all manner of cruelties on their antient brethren under the Turks. When a coin or falfe brother is taken, there is no mercy for him, they either impale him, or put him to the ganche. Tour- nef. Voyag. du Levant. T. 1. Lett, 2. p. 36. CAJOU, cafloew, or cajfu, an American fruit, fhaped like a pear, having the large end next the (talk, and at the fmall end a nut, in feape and fize refembling a hare's kidney, which is the feed of the plant.

The cajou is the fruit of the acajou, a tree frequent in Jamaica and the Carribee iflands. The nut or feed, called in Englifh the ca/Jjew-nut, and fometimes the apple-bean, bears a near af- finity in figure as well as virtues, to the anacardium, or Malac- ca bean, of which fome make it a fpecies, under the denomina- tion of anacardium occidental. See Acajou and Anacar- dium.

Clufius defcribes the cajou as refembling a goofe egg, both for iize and figure, of a yellow colour, and fweet ; full of a liquor like that of a citron : both the fruit and nut are eaten in Ja- maica with great pleafure ; as the former grows bigger, the nut diminifhes. Between the rind and fhell of the latter is a fpon- gy fubftance full of a cauftic oil, ufed againfl tetters, but which muft be difcharged by roafting the nut in embers, ere the ker- nel is eaten. The thin afh-coloured fkin wherewith the ker- nel is covered, is ufed as an exciter of venery. Bradl. Did. Bot. Mill. Gard. Did. in voc. Jjacou. ^uinc. Pharmac. P. z. feel:. 1. n. 27. p. 75. CAIRINA, in zoology, a name by which fome authors have

called the Mufcovy duck. CAISSON, in the military art, is fometimes ufed for ached; and in particular for a bomb-cheft. See Bomb-chest, Cycl. The caiffim is confidered as a fuperficial mine, or tourneau. See Mine, Cycl. Caisson is alfo a covered waggon to carry bread, or ammuni- tion. Milk. Did. in voc. Caisson is alfo ufed for a kind of cheftufed in laying the founda tions of the piers of bridges. See Bridge and Chest- work CAITAIA, in zoology, the name of an American monkey, re- markable for its fweet fmell; it has indeed fomewhat of a fcent of muik about it; its hair is long and of a whitifh ycl low colour ; its head is round ; its forehead depreffed, and ve- ry fmall ; its nofe fmall and flatted, and its tail arch'd. It is eafily tamed and kept about houfes, but it is very clamorous and quarrelforne. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 158. CAKE, a finer fort of bread, denominated from its flat, round fr gure. See Bread.

We meet with divers compofitions under the name of cakes \ as feed-cakes, made of flower, butter, cream, fugar, coriander and caraway feeds, mace, and other fpices and perfumes baked in the oven ; plumb-take, made much after the fame man- ner, only with fewer feeds, and the addition of currants ; pan- cakes, made of a mixture of flower, eggs, c5"c. fried ; cheefe- cakes, made of cream, eggs and flower, with, or without cheefe-curd, butter, almonds, EsV. a ; cat-cakes, made of fine oaten-flower, mixed with yeft, rolled thin, and laid on an iron or ftone to bake over a flow fire b ; fugar-cakes, made of fine fugar beaten and fearced with the fineft flower, adding butter, rofe-water, and fpices c ; rofe-cakes, placenta fofacea^ are leaves of rofes dryed and prefled into a mafs, fold in the fhops for epithems d ■ — [ a Nought, Colled. T. 1. N° 91, feq. p. 245, feq. b Did. Ruft. T. 2. in voc. Oat. c Id. ibid, in voc. Sugar. A Vid. Mori. Colled. Chym. Leid. c. 363. Cafl. Lex. Med. p. 592.] See Epithem, Cycl. Cake-hwa", a denomination fometimes given to the white or virgin wax. Savar. Did. Com. Supp. p. 1049. voc. Pain. See Wax, Cycl. and Suppl. QAKM-foap, ftands difKnguifhed from foft-foap, and ball-foap Stat. Abr. T. 1. voc. Cujloms, p. 82. See Soap, Cycl. and Suppl. CALABA, in botany, the name given by Plumier to a genus of plants afterwards called by Linnaeus caryophyllum, Plumier, Gen. 8. See Caryophyllum.

CALABASH, in commerce, a light kind of veflef made of the fhell of a gourd, emptied and dried, ferving for a cafe to put divers kinds of goods In, as pitch, roiin, and the like. The word is Spanifh, calabaca, Which fignifies the fame. The Indians alfo, both of the north and fouth iea, put the pearls they have fiftied in calabajhes, and the Negroes on the coaft of Africa do the fame by their gold duft. The fmaller calabajhes are alfo frequently ufed by thefe people as a meafure, by which they fell thefe precious commodities to the Europeans.

The fame veflels likewife ferve for putting in liquors, and do the office of cups as well as of bottles for foldiers, pilgrims, &c. Def. Scots Settl. at Darien, p. 65. Savar. Did. Com* T. 1. P ^5. CALABRINA, in botany, a name by which fome authors call

the rough fpleenwort or hnchitis afpera. Ger. Emac. Ind. CALADE, in the manege, a defcent, or flope in a ridino- ground, by which to bring a horfe to bend his haunches, and form his ftop, with the aids of the calves of the legs, bridle, and cavefon, feafonably given.

The calade is alfo called by the French, baffe. They fay to ride or gallop down the calade. GuilL Gent. Did. P. 1. in voc. CALAE, Calaem, ofCalaemum, denotes a fpecies of Indian tin, which by force of fire is tranfmutable into cerufs, like that made of our lead.

Alcbemifts alfo pretend, that it may be converted by cementa- tion into filvcr, and alledge it as an argument in behalf of a poffibihty of tranfmutation of other metals into gold Ceil Lex. Med. p. 121. ' J '

CALAINUS, in natural hiftory, a name given to the fubftance

otherwife called calUmus. See Callimus. CALAMBA, or Calambac, in commerce, a kind of wood brought from China, ufually fold under the denomination of lignum aloes, or agalkchum. See Aloes, and Agaj lochum. Sir Phil. Vernatti makes calambac, and lignum aloes, fynony- mous «. Others feem to diftinguifh, regaining calamba wood to the beft fort of aloes-wood, growing chiefly in Ma- lacca, and Sumatra; and much ufed in India for making of beads and crucifixes \— [» Phil. Tranf. N 3 43. p gL b Linfch. Voyag. 1. 1. c. 76. Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. P. 2. ^ Seel. 1. c. 1. p. 180. Salmaf. Exerc. ad Solin. p. 1057.] CALAMIFEROUS, a denomination given by fome to thofe otherwife called culmifrous plant's. Morif. Hift. Plant P q Sed. 8. Worksof Learn. T. 2. p. 509. SceCuLMiFERoul Cycl. CALAMINARIS Lapis, (Cycl.) in natural hiftory, the name of a mmeral fubftance, which is prcperly the ore of zink. It is a fpungy fubftance, of a lax and cavernous ftruaure, yet confiderably heavy. It is found in mafl'es of various and ir- regular figures, with rugged protuberant and cavernous fur- faces ; thefe are of all fizes, from an ounce to ten or twelve pound weight, and often much more than that. Calamine, when pure, is of a pale brownifhgrey colour, hut its lax and fpungy ftruaure makes it liable to receive various ad- mixtures of extraneous matters, earths, C5V. and hence it is often found yellowifli or rediih. Lapis cclaminaris is much ufed externally in cerates for burns, and in collyriums for the eyes : its reguline matter, which is zink, ferves much better for the purpofe of turning copper into brafs than the crude ftone or ore. Hill's Hift. of Fof. p. 62. Dr. Lawfon was the firft who publickly proved calamine to be the ore of zink. See Zink.

Calamine June is a fpecies of foflil cadmia; fome even take it for the true cadmia of Galen and the antients, to which

it is certain it bears a near refemblance :

when burnt, its

fume gathers and grows on the fides of the chimney. Mcr- cat Metalluth. Arm. 7. c. 3. p. 146. See Cadmia, Cycl and Suppl. J

It lies in maffes in perpendicular fifTures from near the day to ten fathom deep, among clay, coarfe fpar, and riders of ftone : as to appearance it bears a near refemblance to many of the fotts of lead ores in the north. At Shipham in Somerfetfhire, the calamine has frequently fparks of lead concreted with it ; they have fometimes even found confiderable quantities of lead at the bottom of their calamine veins, and might probably find it in the reft, if they fought for it. Woodw. Nat. Hift. Eng. Foff. T. 1. p. 19. Item, p. 106. Item, T. 1 p' 184. ' r

There are no certain figns to direel the miners whexe to find this mineral fubftance, only they expect 1 none in ^rounds that have no communication with hills. In the calamne-vrork* they ufe the fame way and internments as they do in the lead- mines. When they hare landed a good quantity of it, which is done by winding it up in buckets from their works, they next carry it away to places where they wafii, clean, or huddle it, as their term is ; which is performed in this manner- A fmall piece of ground is inclofed with boards or turfs, through which a clear ftream of water runs; within this incloufre they ihovel their calamine with the reft of the impure and earthy parts, which laft are wafted away with the running- water, leaving the lead (fome of which is always found in thefe works) calamine and heavier ftony or fparry parts be- 2 hind.