Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/423

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de Otfic. Aul. Conftant. c. i. p. i. Item, c. 3. p. 16 & 21. Item, c. 19. p. 1. * Du Conge, Gloff. Gnec. p. 542. voc.

Some pretend that the laurel crown on medals is never given to Ceejars, but only to Augttfii, which is overthrown by a me- dalion of Maximus ; not to mention another medal of the lower empire, wherein Crifpus Gafar is crowned with laurel. Vid. Trev. Di£t. Univ. T. 1 p. 157 ^. voc. Cajar. . Card. Noris obferves, that the years of the Cafars were fre- quently marked on their medals ; of which we have inftances in the medals of Conftantine, Chlorus, and divers others, whole years are exprefled on their coins, tho' they were never more than Cafars. Trev. loc. cit. EmplaJ^rum-CMSARis, among phyficians, a name given to a plafter compofed of aftrin gents, to prevent abortion. £h<inc. Lex.Phyf. Med. p. 62. GffiSAREAN-SftffcW See Section.

C/ESARIANS, or C^sarienses, in antiquity, were mini- fters or ofKcials of the procurator cajaris, to whom belonged the keeping the fifcal accounts, and taking poffeffion of effects devolving or efcheating to the emperor.

Thefe were alfo called catholiciani. From the appellation cts- Jariama fome deduce the modern word fergeant. Du Gauge, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 675. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 133. See Sergeant, Cycl. C/ESIAS, in meteorology, denotes the north eaft wind a ; called in the Mediterranean, venio greses, or greco livante b. — P* Plin. Hift. Nat. 1. 2. c. 47. Hardouin. Not. ad loc. b Vccab. Crufc. voc. Greco levanie.~] G/ESONES, a denomination given to thofe cut out of their mothers womb, Plin Hilt. Nat. 1, 7. See the article Section, Cycl. and Suppl.

Pliny ranks this as an aufpicious kind of birth ; the elder Scipio Africanus, and the firft of the family of Ca:fars, were brought into the world in this way. Plin, loc. cit. C/ESTURA, in botany, a name given by Serapion and the other Arabian writers to a plant very much fam'd for its vir- tues as a cephalick. It is the fame with the jerrata of the Italians, which is our Jawivort, but has been miftaken to mean the plant we call betony ; this error is very natural : betony is a name but of late given to the peculiar plant we call by it, and was originally only a fynonym of the jerrata or fazvu-ort. Pliny tells us, that the plant called Jerrata by the Italians was called betonica by the Gauls ; and Diofcorides, who defcribes the plant under its proper Greek name ceftrum, fays that it was called by the Latins betonica and ferratula, and by the other Greek writers pr 'writes and pfuchrotropbon. It is very evident, that the asjhira, or as it is fometimes written cajlaron of the Arabians, was the cajhum of the Greeks ; for the word is formed of it ; and it is certain alfo, that tho' the names betonica and Jerrata, were both given to this plant, and even a third, which is rcjmarinus, by fome of the old Ro- man authors according to the fame Diofcorides ; the plant wc cai\ Jawwcrt is only meant by the name, becaufe the defcrip- tion anfwers to that and to no other of the plants whofe names are mentioned. CAFFACA, in natural hiffory, a name given by the Turks and Tartars to a peculiar kind of earth of a grey colour, having a flight caff, of green in it. It is very (oft and unc- tuous, and fomething refembles our fullers earth ; but is more aftringent, and adheres very firmly to the tongue : thefe people bath very frequently, and they ufc this earth on thofe occafions. CAGAUO DE AGOA, in zoology, a name by which thePor- tuguefe in America call a fpecies of tortoife common there, and ufually known among authors by its Brafdian name ju- rura. See Jurura. Cagado de Terra, in zoology, the name by which the Por- tuguefe in America call a remarkable fpecies of tortoife, called by the Brazilians ja boti. See the articles Jaboti and Testudo. CAGANUS, or C AC ANUS, an appellation anciently given by • the Hunns to their kings. The word appears alfo to have been formerly applied to the princes of Mufcovy, now called czar. See Czar, Cycl. From the fame alfo, probably, the Tartar title Cham or Can, had its origin. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 675. See Cham, Cycl. CAGAO, in natural hiffory, the Indian name for a large bird which inhabits the mountains, and feeds on the piftachia nuts, and many other fruits, all which it fwallows whole : it is very voracious, and its food panes off very quickly ; the piftachias only loofe their rind in its ftomach, and the almonds their pulpy covering ; the kernel anil the ftone being voided whole : it is of the fize of a common hen, but has a longer neck 3 its belly is black, and its back of a greyifh brown ; the neck and head are of a redifh colour; the head is fmall, and has a blacknefs about the eyes, which have a grey pupil, and a whitim iris. CAGASTRUM is ufed by Paracelfus to denote a morbific fe- men, not connate or hereditary, but acceffional, owing to corruption. In which fenfe the word ffands oppofed to iliaflrum. The

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pleurify, plague, fever, &t. are ranked by that author in the number of cagajlric difeafes. CaJl. Lex. Med. p. i 2I. CAGE, an inclofure made with wire, wicker, or other matter interwoven latticewife, for the detention of wild beafts or birds.

The word is French, cage, formed from the Italian gacgia, of the Latin cavea, which fignifies the fame: a caveis thea- tralibus in quibui includebantur fens. Vid. Mewig. Orig. Franc, p. 145. Skin. Etym. Angl. in voc. Beads were ufually brought to Rome fhut up in oaken or beechen cages, artfully formed, and covered or fliaded with boughs, that the creatures deceived with the appearance of a wood, might fancy themfelves in their foreft. The fiercer fort were pent in iron cages, left wooden prifons mould be broke through. Claud, in Conf. Stilich. ap. PUiJc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 384.

In fome prifons there are iron cages for the clofer confine- ment of criminals ; as in the caftlc of Amboife. Philip de Comincs was claped up eight months in a cage of iron, where- in he had not room to ftir c. Tamerlane is faid to have con- fined Bajazet in an iron cage. The tradition adds, that this latter unable to brook the infamy, knocked out his brains againftthe bars of his cage d .— [<= /V///.Hift. Charl. 8. Ouvr. des Scay. 1691. p. 3^4. d Trev. Di£t. Univ. T. 1. p 1329. J 7 he French laws diftinguiih two forts of bird-^^, viz. high, or finging-c-^er, and low or <\umb-cagcs j thofe who expofe birds to fale are obliged to put the hens in the latter, and the cocks in the former, that perfons may not be impofed on, by buying a hen for a cock. Savor. Diet. Coram, Suppl. p. 106. Cages, cavea, denote alfo places in the antient amphitheatres, wherein wild beafts were kept, ready to be let out for fport. The cavea were a fort of iron cages different from dens, which were under ground and dark ; whereas the cavea be- ing airy and light, the beafts rufhed out of them with more alacrity and fiercenefs than if they had been pent under ground. Pitijc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 384. Cage, in carpentry, fignifies an outer work of timber, enclofmg; another within it.

In this fenfe we fay, the cage of a windmill. Savar. Didr. Com T.i. p. 5 ,8.

The cage of a ft air-cafe denotes the wooden fides, or walls which enclofe it. CAGGAW, in botany, a name given, by the people of Guinea, to a plant which they boil in water, and ufe the decoftion to wafh the mouth with, as a cure for the toothach. The leaves of this are fmooth and fhining, like thofe of the laurel, but they are thin and bend like thofe of the bay. They are four or five inches long, and a little more than two inches wide; they are rounded at the bafe, and pointed at the tip, and they are placed on foot ftalks of half an inch long, which are black at each end, and green in the middle ; its veins are very con- fpicuous on the leaves, and are on both fides divided, and ramify'd into fibres of a great finenefs. Phil. Tranf. N° 23Z. CAGIT, in natural hiftory, a name given by the people of the Philippine ifland, to a fpecies of parrot, very common in their woods : it is of a middling fize, and is all over of a fine green colour. CAGUI, in zoology, the name of a kind of Brafdian monkey, called alfo portgi, of which there are two fpecies, the one larger, the other fmaller. The large kind is of a grev colour, with a mixture of black, and its hairs are longer than thofe of the fmall fpecies, its face is round, and it has fomething of the look of a lion; its ears are fmall, round, black, and naked ; its eyes are alfo black, as is its mouth, and its forehead is covered with a mixture of grey and black hairs ; its tail is above a foot long, and is covered with hairs of a tawncy colour. Pays Syn. Quad. p. 154. _ _

The lefl'er cagtii is a fmall and tender animal, but has the fame lion-like face with the larger. Its body is not above fix fin- gers breadth long ; its tail about ten fingers ; its head is fmall, fcarce fo large as a fmall apple ; its nofe is fmall and elate ; its eyes very tender, its mouth little, and its teeth extremely fharp ; its ears are round, and unrounded with white hairs in a very beautiful order ; its hair is all of a redifh tawney toward the body, and toward the ends of a mixture of white and brown, and its tail is variegated with circular rings of white and brown ; its voice is extremely fhrill ; it is naturally an extremely lively and nimble creature, but cannot bear the leaft cold. CAHLLO, in ichthyology, a name given by fome authors to the fifh ufually called the lufmmarinus, or wolf fifh. It is properly a fpecies of pearch, and is tliffinguifhcd by Artedi under the name of the pearch with thirteen rays in the fecond fin of the back, and fourteen in the primary. See Perca. CAIA, in the Turkifh military orders, an officer ferving in the poft of a deputy or fteward, and acting for the body of the Ja- nizaries. Pouch's Egypt, p. 168. CAIANI, in ecclefiaftical antiquity, a fort of heretics thus de- nominated from one Caianus of Alexandria, their leader, other- wife denominated Aphthardocita. See ArHTHARDOCiTiF Cycl.

The fame name is fometimes alfo given to the feet of Cainians or Cainites. Damajcen. Hxr. 84. Fabric. Cod. Pfeud. vet.

Teft.