Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/420

 CAD

CAD

that the one was prickly, and the other not fo. This, how- ever, is but an accidental and trivial difference ; for as the catlus, according to this author, was prickly, and the cinara fmooth, but both were in other refpe&s the fame, it is pro- bable, that the fpecies were the fame, and the difference was owing to culture; the wild plant being naturally fmaller and prickly, and the garden plant larger, fmooth, and with finer and fuller heads.

CACULE, in the materia medica, a name given by Avifenna, Serapio, arid all the other Arabian writers, to the cardamom feeds. They difiinguifh two kinds of this fruit, a larger, and a fmaller. The larger is the grain of paradife, and the fmaller the common cardamom feed of thefc times. They alfo called the cardamoms, in general, by the name /;<■//, and diitinguifhed the fmall kind, now principally in ufe, by the word bilbane, which after writers corrupted into hilbave and hiilua, or helbua. Garcias tells us, that the cardamom feeds were in his time, called bil, in Bengal, and many other parts of the Eaft.

CADE (Cyd.) — Anciently the cade of herrings appears to have contained 6co fifh, reckoning fix fcore to the hundred. Dugd. Monaft. Ang. T. i. p. 83. Kenn. Glofl". ad Paroch. Antic], in voc.

QAiiE-Lambi a young lamb weaned, and brought up by hand, in a houfe ; called in the North, pet-lamb. Skinn* Etym. Angl. Di£t Ruft. T. 1. in voc.

Cade-<?;7, in the materia medica, a name given to an oil much in u{e in fome parts of France and German. The phyficians call it oleum cades, or oleum de cada. This is fuppnfed by fome to be the pinelreum of the antients, but improperly ; it is made of the fruit of the oxycedrus, which is called by the people of thefe places, cada. Some have imagined it to be the pirTelasum, made by the antients of the fruit of the ce- dars mentioned by Pliny ; but this does not appear to be the pifTelseum of any other of the antients, theirs being the oil of pitele, made from the pine, or turpentine trees ; and the oil of the cedar, which was the fame fort of fubftance, made from the cedar-wood, being the cedrclaium of thefe authors. Pliny and fome others, have called all thefe by the general name, biffekeum, but this is only a falfe fpelling of pifle- lasum.

C Anz-wonn. See Phryganium.

CADENCE, (Cyd.) among the French muficians, is ufed to fignify a trillo, or fhake, but improperly, according to Brof- fard. In effecl, the cadence is properly the tranfition from the note on which the fhake is made, to a note which is a tone lower, or a femi-tone major higher, in the treble parts. See Cadenza Sfugcita.

Cadence, in the manege, denotes an equal meafure, or pro- portion, obferved by a horfe in all his motions, when lie is thoroughly managed, and works juftly either at the gallop, terra a-terra, or the airs.

A horfe's working in cadence imports, that bis times or mo- tions are uniform, and that one does not take in more ground than another. Guilt Gent Diet. P. 1. in voc.

CADENCY, in heraldry, the ftate, or quality of a cadet. See Cadets, Cycl.

Nifbet has an effay on the additional figures and marks of ca- dency. See Diminution, Cycl.

CADENT of the bcrofcope, in the Chaldaic aftrology, the fame with cacodexmon, or ill genius. Stanl. Hift. Philof. P.

15. p. IO4.8. See C-ACODiEMON.

CADENZA Sfuggita, in the Italian mufic, is ufed when a part in- ftead of afcending or defcending the proper interval, to form a cadence, proceeds by fome other interval. For inftance, when the bafs, inftead of rifing a fourth, or falling a fifth, afcends only by atone, or femi-tone major.

Ex: 2.

^pp^^^ES

G A

Thus, in Ex. 1. where the bafs inftead of proceeding to C, the key-note, after G, goes to A. Thus alfo, in Ex. 2. after E, the ear would naturally expect to hear A, the key- note, but this is avoided, and F put in its place.

CADGE, a round frame of wood, on which falconers carry their hawks whtn they expofe them to fale. Dicl. Ruft. T. i. in voc.

CADI (Cyd.) —We find numerous complaints of the avarice, extortion, and iniquity of the Turkifh cadis; all juftice is here venal ; the people bribe the cadis ; the cadis bribe the moulas ; the moulas the cadilefchcrs, and the cadilefchers the mufti. Tournef. Voy. du Levant. T. 2. p. 57. Each cadi has his ferjeants, who are to fummon perfons to appear and anfwer complaints. If the party fummuned fails to appear at the hour appointed, fentence is paffed, by pro- vifion, in favour of bis adverfary. It is ufually vain to ap- peal from the fentences of the cadi ; fmce the affair is never heard anew, but judgment is pafi'ed on the cafe, as ftated by the cadi. But the cadis are often cafhiercd, and punifhed for crying injuftice with the baftonado and mulcts; but the

law forbids them to be put to death. Conftantinopie has had cadis ever fince the year 139c, when Bajazet I. obliged John Palajologus, emperor of the Greeks, to receive cadis into the city, to judge all controverlies happening between the Greeks and the Turks fettled there.

In fome countries of Africa, the cadis are alfo judges of re- ligious matters. Among the Moors, caili is the denomina- ! tion of their higher order of prieits, or doctors, anfwerine to. 'the rabbins among the Jews. Vid. Journ. des Scav. T. 81. p. roo.

CADILE.-CHER (Cyd.) —The cadilrfibcrs have much the fame authority in the provinces, that the muftis have at Con- ftantinopie": they even frequently rife to be muftis: their chief ftudy is the alcoran, which is the code of their civil as well as canon law. Their place at the divan is at the fide of the grand vizir. Appeals are fometimes brought to them from the fentences of the cadis in civil affairs ; and they have the fuperintendencc of all other officers of juftice within the empire. They nominate the cadis, and moula-cadis ; but thefe laft only with the content of the grand feignor. On any grievous complaints againft the cadis, they condemn and depole them b . — [> Vid. Jour, des Scav. T. 58. p. 44J. b film/ Voyag. du Levant. T. 2. Lett. 14. p. 57. J A cadi cfeber, in Egypt, is an officer like a lord high chancel- lor, fent yearly from Conftantinopie to Grand Cairo, to whom the people may appeal from the cadis, and many caufes of importance in Cairo go immediately before him. Pococb's Egypt, p. 170.

CADITES, an appellation given by Plot to a kind of figured ftone, refembling a cadus, or barrel.

The cadites fwells in the middle, and goes tapering to both 'ends, being divided lengthwife with fuch equidiftant linea- ments, as are ufually made by the ftaves of a barrel, but without hoops, nor yet hollow. Plot. Nat. Hift. Staffordfh. c. ?. §. 42. p. 198.

CADMEAN-irito-j, the antient Greek, or Jonic diaraflere, fuch as they were firft brought by Cadmus from Phoenicia; whence Herodotus alfo calls them, Phoenician-letters. Vid! Mmtfauc. Palaeogr. Grxc. 1. 2. c. I. p. 116. Mem. Acad.' Infer. T. 3. p. 31 •.

According to fome writers, Cadmus was not the inventor nor even importer of the Greek letters, but only the modeller and reformer thereof; and it was hence they acquired the appellation Cadmcan, or Phamician-Xettas ; whereas before that time they had been called Pelafgian.-Xett.ets. Nouv. Rep. Lett T. 4;. p. 506.

CADMIA, K«^«ii<<, ( Cycl. ) originally denoted the tower or caftle of Thebes, built by Cadmus fon of Agenor. From hence the name has been transferred by alchemTfts, to denote divers other things, as the matter of the philofopher's ftone, or even the ftone itfelf ; on account of which the adepts fome- times call thcmfelves fellows or companions of Cadmus, q d. men who have, ftormed and taken the ftrong, and othcrwife impregnable caftle of nature.

Sometimes it fignifies a foflil fubftance, as the Lapis calamina- ris; fometimes a flower, or fublimatc of like ufe with cala- mine, for tinging copper yellow; fometimes a fubftance which yields vitriol either per fc, or by accident; fometimes a fort of pyrites called cobalt, of which a blue colour is prepared. Vid. Lynk. Comm. de Cobalt, ap. Philof. Tranfi N" tab. p. 193. U'oodw. Catal. For. Foff. p. 2(1, feq. Meruit Metall. Arm. 7. c. 3. p. 146.

C ADM 1 A is alfo ufed by Pliny for copper ore, or the ftone of which copper is made «. And hence the fcveral appellation? cadmia fojjilis, cadmia foma.um, cadmia mital'ka, cadmia atra- mentofa, and cadmia pro candco b. — [ a Plin. Kift Nat. 1 34 c. 10. It. c.l. Hardouin, Not. ad Eund. b LynL loc. cit.l '

CADMiA-foffilis, a name given by fome to the mineral called more ufually cobalt ; this is a greyifh or whitifh ore, confider- ably firm and very heavy ; much refembling fome of the filver ores, and in fome ipecimens looking like the white pyrites but lefs gloffy. It contains arfenick or ratsbane, and a fixt earth, which on fufion with fluids and potalh, or anv other alkali fait, yields that fine blue glafs which we call fmalt, and which our painters and wafher women ufe under the names of fmalt and powder-blue. It is dug about Sneeberg and Annaberg, and in fome parts of Bohemia. It is always found below, not mixt with the ores of metals, and is very rich in the arfenick in fome places, and but poor in others : all our arfenick i ; made from it. The miners are directed where the veins of co-alt lie, by a fort of foffil which they call therefore the flower of cobalt : it is a very elegant fub- ftance, of a fine blooming red colour, and of a radiated ftruiture ; fometimes of a paler red, and in form of powder. This is found on the furface of the earth where the veins of cobalt are within ; and the people who dig where it is found are feldom deceived in their expectations. " When a mineral of this nature is met with, there requires great skill in the miner to diftinguifh it from the white pyrites, "a grey copper ere and from fome of the white fdver ores, to all which it 'bears a great external refemblance, and they to it ; but they all differ extremely in their nature and properties. The eye is able to judge of this after a long experience, but not without ^it ; but when there is any expeflation of advantage from the