Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/419

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in older ; and in thefe laft, it ufually degenerates into a drop- fy, and hectick ; and when driven back, it often produces a fuffocative catarrh. When the difeafe is not plenary, or in its full ftate, but ratfaer may be called a cacheiiick difpofition than a cachexy, as is frequently the cafe with young people ; particularly with girls, on account of the fuppreffions of the menfes, then it is in general eafily cured, unlefs the bad re- gimen of the patient for fome time before has rendered it. more than ufually obftinateand violent; in general, the fooner it is undertaken, the more eafdy it is cured. The chlorofis of young girls, which feems to be of a middle nature, between a cacheclick difpofition, and a confirmed cachexy, is a chronic cafe, and feldom admits of a fudden cure, unlefs there be a remarkable change of life in the pa- tient, as by marriage. This chlcrofis Is in itfelf rather troublefome than dangerous, as it gives an univerfal languor both of body and mind, a bad colour, palpitations of the heart, and other painful fymptoms ; but it ibmetimes dege- nerates into a cachexy, or a heciick.

Method of cure. The general method muft be bv correction of the vitiated humors; a referation of the vifcera; an eva- cuation of the humors, when thus prepared for it ; and, final- ly, a reftitution of the due tone to the folids. For the nrft fortnight, the patient ftiould be treated with re- folvents and digeftives ; fuch as the tartarum vhriolatum and abforbents falted with acids ; as crab's eyes with lemon juice ; and with aperient decoctions of the woods of guaiacum and faffafras ; as the roots of pimpernel!, and the like ; and either during this time, or afterwards, evacuants are to be given ; fuch as fena, jalap, and dwarf-ckl-jr. When the improper treatment of a fever has been the occafion of the maladv, the mild alexipharmicks are to be given at times ; and when an obftruftton of the menfes is in the cafe, the time they are to be expected is to be carefully regarded* and emmfenegogues and baths for the feet, are to be ordered at thofe peiods. When obffxucrions of the hemorrhoidal difenarges are in the cafe, then, after the firil fortnight, leaches fhotuVI be applyed to the hemorrhoidal veins; and if the difeafe has arifen from • long continued hemorrhages, then analepticks are to be tr lifted to, with very gentle correctives, for fear of exciting new commotions in the blood ; and in thefe cafes, bleeding in the arm is fometimes found neceffary. Junk. Confp. Med. p. 420.

It is of the utmoft confequence in this cafe, that a proper diet be obferved ; all coarfe and heavy foods are to be avoid- ed, as alfo all acid and fait things ; and much water is as carefully to be guarded againft, as an over ufe of fpirituous liquors. Finally, when the difeafe is cured, its return is to be guarded againft, by taking proper purgatives once a month. To this purpofe, Stahl greatly recommends a mixture of gum, ammoniacum, galbanum and myrrh, and fmall quan- tities of calomel, with the purges. It is too common a practice to give boldly the forcing medicines, as they are called, to young women in cacheiiick complaints; fuch as myrrh, faffron, favin, and the like ; but this very often throws them into an afcites, or other diforders worfe than the firft.

Uterine Cachexy, a term ufed by Hofman for the fluor albus. Oper. T. 3. p. 348.

CACHLEX, in natural hiftory, a name ufed by fome authors for the fmall pebbles found on the fea and river fhores, which being heated red hot, and quenched in whey, are faid to give an aftringent virtue. Gale?i, L. 10.

CACHORRODOMATO, in zoology, the name by which the Portuguese in America, call the taiibi ; a creature in many things refembling the opoffum, and fuipected to be the male of that creature. See Taiibi.

CACHRYS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants of the umbelliferous kind, the characters of which are thefe: The flower is of the rofaceous kind, being compcfe.l of feveral petals, which ftand in a circular order on a cup, which after- wards becomes a fruit compofed of two fungous femi-oval parts, fometimes fmooth, fometimes rough and ftriatcd, and Containing each a feed of the fhape of a grain of barley. The fpecies of cachrys, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, arc thefe: 1. The ferulaceous leaved cacfyrft, with fmooth fun- gofe feeds. 2. The peueedanum leaved cachrys, with laro-e fungous, fmooth and flat feeds. 4. The peueedanum leaved cachrys, with fmaller fungous, fmooth and fiat feeds. And, 5. The Hungarian cachrys, with panax leaves. Town. Inft, p.

3'* 5-

The feed of cachrys, tho' not ufed in the prefent pharmacy, was recommended by the antients for its heating and drying qualities ; and therefore judged a proper ingredient in fmeg- raa's. It alfo made a good plafter for the head in defluxions upon the eyes, provided it is taken off at the end of three days ; and taken with pepper and wine, it was faid to be good for the epilepfy. Vid. James's Med. Diet, in voc. Cachrys, or Canchrys, among antient botanifts, denoted a fcaly tuft, growing like a calkin on certain trees; as the oak, beech, pine, and the like; or according to others, an un- feafonable kind of germen or bud, appearing either in the fpring, or autumn ; and which, after the winter is over, fpreads or (hoots into branches 4 . The word is fometimes

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alfo ufed for the feed of rofcmarv, or even the plant itfdf '» ; fometimes for barley roafted in a furnace, to render it mote' eaiy to grind into flower «.— £• Vid Thcophr. Hift. Plant. 1. 3. c. 7. Uracil. Dici Rot. T. \. in voc. >> Bh/csr 1. 3. c. S57. ' Salmaf. Exerc. ad Solin. T. I. p. 590, feq. Gorr. Med. Defin. p. 2 1 9. voc. r.^xiK. CaJ!. Lex. Med. p 119.]

CACHUNDE, the name of a medicine, highly celebrated among the Chinefe and Indians, and made of feveral aroma- tick ingredients, the perfumes, medicinal earth, and precious ftones: they make the whole into a (tiff pafte, and form out of it feveral figures according to their fancy, which are dryed for ufe : thefe are principally ufed in the Ea't-lnd:es, but are fometimes brought over to Portugal; In China, the greater perfons ufually 1 arry a fmall piece in their mouths, which is a continual cordial, and gives their breath a very fweet fmell. It is a highly valuable medicine alfo, in all nervous complaints ; and is eileemed a prolonger of life, and a provocative to venery, the two great intentions of moft of the medicines in ufe in the Laft." Zacutus Lxffcarm.

CACHYMIA, a term ufed by Paracelfus, for ai imperfea me- talline ore, or as he exprefles it, an immature metalline body, which is neither a faline fubilance nor a metal. The caclrpnia may be divided into fulphurous, as marc'afite ; mercurial, as arfenic or orpiment; and faline, as all talcs. Own. Geneal. Miner, c. 20. Theat. Chym. T. r. p. 587.

^ Caft. Lex. Med. p. 119. Rulcmd. Lex. Alch. p roq, feq.

CAOOCHOLIA, in the writings of the antient pbyficians, a name given to diforders which'arife from an indifpofition of the bile.

CACOCHYLIA, a term ufed by the antient writers on me- dicine for a diftempered or depraved chylifuanon.

CACOCHROI, a term ufed by the antient writers jn medicine, for fuch perfons as had an unnatural colour in their face.

CACODvEMON, K*,».\,™,.,,, in the antient aftrology, denotes the twelfth houfe from the horofcope ; thus ca'led on account of its malignant influence. Firinh. Math. 1. 2. c. 20. 't. c. 22. Fat. Thef. p. 390. Vital. Lex. Math. p. 88. ifh/f. Lex. Math. p. 179. ^ The word originally denotes an evil genius, or daemon.

CACODES, in the antient writers of medicine, a name given to feveral kinds of matter difcharged from the human body, which had an ill fmell. The offenfive matter voided fome- times by vomit, has this name, as alfo that evacuated by ftool, and the difcharge of foul ulcers.

CACOETHES, or Cacoethia. See Malignant, Cjcl.

Cacoethe ulura\ K, ■)„ !xe t j a name given by the antients to all ulcers not cureable by the proper and ufual methods, by reafon of the putrid acrimony of the matter Sowino- to them. COT. de Med. 1. 5. c. 2S. Plin. Hift. Nat. 1. 22. c. 25. Gal. Mcth. Med. 4, 5. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 119. Gorr. Med. Defin. p. 204.

COGAMIA, K**o7o7Ai*, among the antient Spartans, denoted the vice, or failing of perfons who ufed their wives ill; which, among that people, was penal, and fevere laws made againft it. Vid. Plut. in Lycurg. & in Apophth. Cicarch. &- leaf. In Libr. Proverb. Mem. Acad Infer. T. 5. p. 410.

CACOMACHlA, K^K^^.a, in the antient gymnaftic art, de- noted foul play in fightine, or other dlfputes for viflory. Pbiloflr. I. 2. Mem. Acad. Infer. T. 2. p. 321.

CACOPHONIA, in medicine, denotes a vice or depravation of the voice, or fpeech ; of which there are two fpecies," aphonia, and dyfphonia. Gal. de Diff. fympt. c. 3. Cajt. Lex. Med p. 119.

CACOPHRAGIA, in the antient writers on medicine, a term often ufed for a diftempcrature of the vifcera, by which nu- trition is performed.

CACOSYNTHETON, Ka*«ry*!W, in grammar and rhetoric, denotes a vicious and unnatural compofition of words. Such is

■ Verfdqus Jw

Tergct fatigamics Hajla.

Virg. JEn. I. 9. v. 610. Fal>. Thef. p. 390.

CACTONITES, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome old writers, to a beautiful pale red ftone, fuppofed to be the fame with our pale cornelian. In the fabulous accounts of the virtues of ftones, among the writers of the middle ages, this is faid to have a power of refilling enchantments.

CAC 1 US, in botany, a name given by fome of the Greek writers to all the plants of the thiftle kind ; others apply it only to fome peculiar fpecies ; and othei^j to forrfe thorny fhrubs very different from thiftles. The general acceptation of tire word is, that it fignifies the artichoak ; but Hippocra- tes gives it as a name of the Ihrub which bears the gumm. tragacanth ; he orders this to be given in inffufion to horfes, in cafes of bad breath ; and the common people of Greece about the time of Hippocrates, it appears from many other authors, had no name for the tragacanth, but this of fttilut. Athenaeus allows, that the caclas of Theophraftus was the artichoak ; and tho' fome of the Greeks of after-times, ufed the word K„*p cinara, for this plant ; yetthe ofd name eiltus, ftill continued in the more general ufe.

The ciitara and caBm are properly, therefore, the fame plant,

and are fynonyms of the fame countries at different times ;

yet Columella diftinguilhes them as two plants; and fays,

2 that