Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/418

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C A C

CABURE, in zoology, the name of a fmall Brafilian bird 6f.| the owl kind; very beautiful, and verv eafily tamed. It is of a brown colour, variegated with white, and is feathered down to the toes. The Brafilians keep it tame for its di- verting tricks ; it will play with people like a monkey, and is perfectly harmlefs. Marggravcs, Hiftor. Brafil.

CABLREIBA, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called the tree which affords the black Peruvian balfam of the fhops. P fit p. 57.

CABURNS, in the fea language, denotes fmall lines made of fpun yarn, wherewith to bind cables, fcize tackles, and the like. Bote!. Sea Dial. 4. p. 163. Marwar. Sea Diet. p. 18. Guill. Gent. Diet. P. 3. in voc.

CACABOGA, in zoology, the name of an American fpecies of ferpent, by fome accounted the fame with the tareiboia, or black water-fnake of that part of the world j but by others defcribed as yellow in' colour, living about houfes, and doing great mifchief among poultry, tho' not fatal to mankind in its bite. &af$ Synops, p 329. See Tareiboia.

CACAGOGA, in the antient medicinal writings, a word ufed for certain ointments intended for rubbing on the fundament to procure ftools. The moft common of thefe was made of alum mixed with honey, and boiled till the whole was of a tawny colour. This anointed on the fundament, procur'd a great many ftools, but not without fome pain.

CACALIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the flofculous kind, being compofed of fevcral fmall flofcules, each divided into four fegments at the end ; thefe are placed on the embryo fruit, and are contained in a general cup of a cylindric fi- gure. The embryos ripen into feeds, which are winged with down.

The fpecies of cacalla enumerated by Mr, Tournefort, are thefe.: 1. The woolly leaved cacolia. 2. The cacalia, with thick hairy leaves. 3. The cacalia, with their fmooth and {harp pointed leaves. 4. The Pyrensean cacalia, with alliaria leaves. <;. The Alpine cacalia, with leaves covered on both fides with a thick woolly down. Tourk. Hift. p. 45 r. The antient Greek writers all mention a plant of this name, famous for curing difeafes of the afpera arteria ; but it is plain from their defcriptions, that this was not at all of the nature of our cacalla : Some defcribe it as having flowers like the olive ; others like thofe of the oak ; but the old manufcripts of Diofcoridcs fay like bryony, and therefore not at all agreeing with thofe of the plant we call cacalia.

The root of cacalia, macerated in wine, and made into an eclegma, or chewed by itfelf, is faid to cure coughs. Its feeds pulverifed and made into a cerate, and ufed as an oint- ment, render the skin fmooth and free from wrinkles. James's Diet. Med. in voc.

CACAO, the chpeohte-iree, in botany, the name of a genus of trees, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofaceous kind, being compofed of a number of petals arranged in a circular form. The cup is compofed of one leaf, divided into feveral fegments ; and from it there arifes a piftil, which finally becomes a large flriated fruit, of the flit pe of a cucumber; containing a number of feeds ufually collected into five oblong clufters, which readily part into feveral almond fhaped kernels. There is only one known fpecies of this tree, which is that which produces the com- mon cocoa or chocolate- nut. Teurrt. Inft. p. 660. For the ufe of the fruit of the cocoa, fee Chocolate, Cycl.

CACAOTETE, in natural hiflory, the name by which the Bra- filians call the Belemnites, which is very common there as well as with us. Klein, de Tub. Mar. See Belemnites.

CACATORY-.Fnw, Fehris Cacatoria, a denomination given by Sylvius to an intermittent fever, accompanied with a fevere loofenefs, and fome times gripes. Sylv. Prax. Med. I. 1. c. 30. §. 39. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 118.

CACAVATE, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the cocoa-tree. Park. Theatr. 1642.

CACAVERA, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the cocoa-tree. Pife, Mont. Ar. 197.

CACAVIA, in botany, a name given by the Greek authors and fome of the others to the lotus or nettle-tree ; it obtained this name from the refemblance of its fruit when ripe, to the halicaccabum or winter cherry. See the article Halicacca-

BDM.

CACCALIA, in botany, a name given by fome of the old Greek writers to the halicaccabum or alkekengi, the winter cherry; a kind of nightfhade or plant allied to that family, but diftinguifhed from ail the others by the fruit beino- covered with a membraneous bag.

CACCABON, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the water-lilly or nymphasa. The Arabians called this nufar, and that particular kind which grew in the Nile, nilnufar, and nilufar ; by tranfpofition of fome of the letters, this word was formed into lim/far, and the late Greek writers made of this and the others many more names, but this cac- cabon, and another name of the fame plant which is rapalon, are not of this origin.

CACHECTIC, a perfon labouring under a cachexy. See Ca-

CACHEF, or Cacheef, in the Turkifh affairs, the governour of a city, town, or even province in Egypt. Mem. des Miff. T. 2. p. 150, and 152.

The title cachef is alfo given to the captains or commanders of little flying; armies, intended to keep the Arabs in obedience LeClcrc, Hibl. Univ T. 5. p. 115.

Egypt is divided by the Turks into thirty nine cacheftecks, or governments. Sicard, in Mem. des Miff. T. 5 p 205, and 231. Item, T. 7. p. 99.

CACHEXY, in medicine, a flaccid ftate of the body, eafdy perceived externally, and arifing from a vifcofity of the juiced, and a remiffion of the tonic motions of the parts. Some have imagined a cachexy to be the firrt degree of a dropfy, but this is far from truth ; for tho', as many difeafes are fub- ject to degenerate into one another, a dropfy is often the confequence of a cachexy, yet there have been frequent in- ffances in which a cachexy has remained to the period of life without the genuine fymptoms of a dropfy ever appearing ; and often a dropfy arifes in patients and is continued to its utmoff. period, obferving in all its ftages its true form, and not running into that of cachexy. This miftake of many is to be carefully avoided, becaufe the methods of cure aie not the fame in thefe two difeafes. The cachexy is diftinguifhed from the anafarca by the flefh hanging flaccid and pendulous, and being feft in it ; whereas in the anafarca it is often fo di- ftended and hard, that the skin fhir.es and looks as if it would burft. The anafarca alfo ufually forms ©edematous tumors in many parts of the body, but the cachexy never does this. It differs from the afcites in that this difeafe only affects the lower parts of the body, but the cachexy the whole ; but it differs only from the chlorofis as genus from fpecies. Phy- ficians diftinguifh the cachexy into Ample and compound; the firfr. is when it is combined with no other difeafe ; in the other, it is frequently compounded with the fcurvy. Signs of the cachexy. There is no difeafe more readily known than this, as none has fuch obvious and diffinciive fymptoms. The face, hands, feet, and legs, are always bloated, and fwelled beyond their natural dimenfions; the natural heat of the body decreales, and there is an evident and actual fenfa- tion of cold, in the parts. This is attended with an univer- fal languor, and anxiety of mind, and a painful weaknefs in going up flairs, or walking up hill: the appetite is very uncertain, and loathings of food are very frequent: after food, there are all the fymptoms of a bad digefHon, as tenfions and oppreffions about the flomach, and flatulencies. The bowels are in a very uncertain fiate, fometimes remaining coftive for along while; and at others, throwing off -the food un- digefted, in the manner of a lientery : the patients have al- ways a great propenfity to fleep, but they are not refrefhed by it. The urine is but fmall in quantity, and is fometimes crude and redifh; fometimes limpid, but always has a livid appearance. The pulfe is languid and weak, and the blood, if it happen to be feen by any accident, is pale and thin, and abounds in ferofities. The patients always complain alfo of a fhortnefs of the breath, and a difficulty of breathing, efpecial- ly after the body has been at any time in motion. Heats and flufhings come on at times, and the head is always diffurbed ; always torpid and inclined to flcep, and not unfrequently ver- tiginous and violently painful ; and cedematous tumors appear in the feet, when the patient is {landing up, but difappear again, when he lies down.

There is always alfo a fenfe of weight and preffure in the ab- domen ; fometimes in the right hypocondrium, fometimes in the left; and often deeply inward under the navel ; fometimes the whole abdomen is inflated and hard, and fometimes it is only partially fo ; hardneffes and inequalities being fcnfible to the touch in it.

It moft frequently attacks pcrfons of a phlegmatic habit, 1 and is more common among women than men, as well on account of their fofter texture, as of the frequent diforders the irregularity of their menftrual difcharges throws them into. Women oftener, however, are brought into It thro* a defect of the menfes, than by the excefs of that difcharge. Caufcs of it. Among thefe are to be rekoned, the living in wet and damp rooms ; the leading an idle and fedentary life ; and the feeding on vifcous things, and drinking great quanti- ties of water: on the contrary, the abufe of fpirkuous li- quors will alfo occafion it; and the taking affringent me- dicines at the times when the blood is in violent emotions, as in haemorrhages, and in acute fevers ; the {hiking in of cu- taneous humors will alfo fometimes occafion it ; and very often the omiflion or fuppreffion of habitual difcharges of blood, by whatever pa/lages : great lofs of blood is vulgarly fuppofed to be one of the principal agents in bringing on this difeafe, but improperly; for when this fucceeds fuch dif- charges, it is rather owing to their being long continued, than violent, and to the improper diet of the patient after- wards, which prevents a proper fupply of blood again, than from the actual lofs of it. Improper treatment of "the gout, and the abufe of volatile falts in high fevers, are alfo too of- ten the caufes of this difeafe.

Prognojlifis. When this difeafe is plenary, and the whole crafis of the humours is depraved by it, it is very difficult of cure : It is in general more eafily cured in young people than