Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/412

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over with itfeif in Form of butter of antimony. Vid. Stall. Phil Princ. Chem. P. 2. feet. 4; h. 135. p. 350. See alio Uoerb. Elem. Chem. P. 3. ProcefT. 22 r; T. 2. p. 331, feq.] Of butter of antimony are prepared the mercurius vitas and be- zoar mineral. See the articles Mehcury andBEzoAR. It appears from experiments, that bezoar of antimony is com- pofed of the reguline parts of antimony and the acid of fea- falt. Med.EifEdinb. Abridg. Vol. 2. p. 434. in not. It has been conjectured, that Ward's famous medicine owes its efficacy to the butter of antimony it contains. Med, Eff ibid. See Ward'* Pill.

It is a very lingular property of this preparation, that it makes a very violent effervefcence with fpirit of nitre, and make. 1 - none at all with any other acid whatever : but Hoffman, in his treatife on cinnabar of antimony, has explained this phxnome- non, by obferving that the fpirit of nitre, by mixing with the faJts in the fubfimate, becomes an aqua regia, which works up- on the included antimomal particles, juff. as that corrofive men- ilruum is obferved to work upon the powder of common crude antimony.

Butter of antimony is very cauftic and acrimonious, and only ufed externally in regular practice a. It is a fecret among fome for flopping a mortification, by drawing a line with it round the part affected, which defines the bounds of the fpreading evil b. — [ a §>u'mc. Difpenf. P. 2. feet. 15. p. 280. b Junck. Confp. Med, p. 94, feq. Ejufd. Confp. Chir. p. 95.] The operation of making butter of antimony furnifties an in- stance of the power of the Newtonian principle of attraction. When mercury fublimate is fubhmed from antimony, or from regulus of antimony, the fpirit of fait lets go the mercury, and unites with the antimonial metal, which attracts it more ftrong- lv, and flays with it till the heat be great enough to make them both afcend together, and then carries up the metal with it in the form of a butter of antimony ; though the fpirit of fait alone be almoft as vo'atile as water, and the antimony alone as fixed aslead. Newt.Qvx.. Q^i. p 357. See the article At- traction, Cyd. B u t t e R of arfe nic, Butyrum arfenid, is commended by Para- celfus againft cancers, though not given without danger. Li- bav. Synt. Chem. T. 1. 1. 7. c. 26. Poterius alfo contrived a peculiar antiheclical butter of pearls, butyrum margaritarum. Rolfink. Chem. 1. 3. feet. 1. art. 4 c. 41. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 116. Butter of cacao, denotes a thick oil raifed by diftillation from the chocolate nut, reputed good againft burns, inflammations, t5Y. Hoaght. Collect. N°45i. T. 3. p. in, feq. Butter of fax, a greafy fubftance of the confidence of oil of mace, produced from that plant in lieu of oil, by treating it in a retort. Greiv, Idea Phil. Hift. Plant, feet. 51. fejfamin or Jafcmin Butter, denotes the oil of theben-nut, im- pregnated with the odorous fpirit of jeflamin flowers a. For the ben oil fome fubftkute hogs lard b .~ [ a Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. P. 2. feci:. 2. c. 1. p. 217. b Bought. Colled. N° 398. p. 4-] Butter of lead, Butyrum Saturni, is a kind of liquid unguent made of vinegar and lead, incorporated with rofate oil, com- mended by many for the cure of tetters. Savar. Diet. Comm T. 1. p. 327. voc, Beurre. May Butter, Butyrum rnajale, is a medicine in fome repute among good women for ftrains, aches, and wounds. It is made of hitter churned at that time, and expofed to the fun of the whole month, till, by repeated fufions, it be brought to whitenefs a. Helmont calls it magiftery of grafs b. Quincy affirms it is no better than plain lard c. — [ a §>uinc. Difpenf P. 3. feft. 1 2. p. 547. Ruft. Diet. T. 1. voc. May. b Junck. Confp. Thcrap. tab. g. p. 288. c Ubi fupra.] Naturalifts fpeak of fhowers and dews of butter. In the year 1695, there fell in Ireland, during the winter and enfuin_ fpring, a thick yellow dew, which had the medicinal properties of butter. Philof. Tranfact. N° 220. p. 224. Butter of nitre, a kind of medicine procured from faltpetre by - means of tartar, the procefs whereof is defcribed by Charas.

Savar. Diet. Comm. T. 1. p. 327. voc. Beurre. Butter of jlone, a kind of mineral drug found on the higheft mountains and hardeft rocks of Siberia, being drawn by the fun's heat, in the way of tranfudation, from the dry fubftance of the ftones themfelves, and adhering to the furface thereo: like a fort of calx, which, having received its full coction, i: fcraped off by the inhabitants under the name of kamine mafia. The Ruffians afcribe many virtues to it. It is much ufed for the dyfentery and venereal difeafes ; but its operation is fo vio- lent, however corrected by other ingredients, that none but the Ruffians dare ufe it. Savar. Diet. Comm. Supp. p. 9 1 1 voc. Kamine. Butter of wax, afoft unctuous fubftance, refembling often the diftillation of the fpirit of wax. Hift. Acad. Scienc. an. 1708. p. 65. See Oil of Wax. BuTTER-in?-, Petafitis, an officinal plant, both in figure and vir- tues refembling mafter-wort ; it is reputed an alexipharmic and detergent, and ufed in many compofitions, efpecially of the firft of thofe intentions. There is alfo a compound water denomi- nated from it, though rejected in the laft college difpenfatory £hiuK. Pharmac. P. 2. feet, 6. n. 435. p. 176.

Among botanifis this plant is denominated petafitis major c^ vulgaris ; by fome, petafitis -vulgaris rnbens rotw.duri folio. Sec the article Petasitis.

Butter-/^, a fmall fifh common inCornwal,fhaped fomewhat like an eel, and diftinguifhed by two rows of black fpots along its back. SeeGuNELitis. Jfilhtgb'y, Hift. Pile p. 115.

Butter-/?)*, in zoology. See the article Papilio.

Generation ofBuTTV.R-ji/es. Seethe article Generation.

Bur-i %^-flyff^ the Englifb name for the fifth called by authors blennus, or bknniv.s. Artedi makes the blennus a generical name, comprehending a great many fpecies ; among which he diftinguifhes that called by us the butterfly Jiflj, by the name of the bknnus, with a furrow between the eyes, and with a large round fpot in the back fin.

It has its name of the butter-fly fjh from this fpot in the fin, which refembles thofc in the wings of fome butter-flies.

BuTTER-m/ZS, the milk which remains after the butter is come by churning. Sec the article Milk, Cyd. and Suppl. Some make curds of butter-milk, by pouring into it a quantity of new milk hot.

UTTER-nut, a fruit in New England, whofe kernel yields a great quantity of fweet oil. Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. feet. 1. c. 4. p. 20;.

BuTTZR-zvort, In botany. See the article Pincuicula.

BUTTERY.— Officers in the king's buttery, are a gentleman, yeoman, ^ and three grooms of the buttery ". The buttery a- mongus is ufually placed near the cellar, being commonly the room next the top of the cellar-flairs *.—[.■ Ckamberl. Prefent £ ^ te ' ^- 2 - l 3 N ° l8 - P- 335- b AW, Build. Dia.

BUTTING, hnbetarc, in middle age writers, is ufed for tun- ning of wine, or putting it into butts. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. T. I. p. 662. voc. Buftdlus.

BUTTON, (Cyd.) among gardeners, denotes a flower orcluftcr of leaves not yet expanded.

Buttons are a kind of ova, out of which arife either leaves alone, or intermixed with flowers Leat-birttons are fmaller and more pointed than flowcr-/;;///m.f, which are bigger and rounder. Among trees winch bear kernel -fruit, each Utton produces fe- veral flowers ; and, among ftone-fruit trees, each button yields but one flower. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1193. voc. Bouton.

The term button is chiefly ufed in fpeaking of vines and rofes ; and is otherwife denominated eye, ffrout, bud, burgeon, &c.

Button, in fencing, fignifies the end or tip of a" foil, being made roundifb, and ufually covered with leather, to prevent making contufions in the body. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. ] igz. voc. Bouton.

Button, in building, denotes a flight fattening for a door or window, made to turn on a nail. Neve, Build. Di&. in voc Felib. Princ. Archit. 1. j. 20. p. 1-54, 156, & 170. where divers forts and forms of buttons are defcribed.

Button of a lock; denotes a round head fcrving to move the bolt.

Button of the reins of a Iridle, is a ring of leather with thereins put through it, running all along the length of thereins. See Bridle and Reins,

To put a.horfe under the button, is when he is ftopt, having no rider on his back, by the reins being laid on his neck, and the button lowered, fofar as that the horfe's head is brought in by the reins, and fixed to the true pofture or carriage, tiuill. Gent. Diet. P. 1. in voc.

Button antenna, a name given by naturalifts to thofe antenna or horns, as they are called, of butterflies, which are flender and terminated at the top by a fort of button, in form of an olive, or of part cf one. The French naturalifts, from Reau- mur, call thefe antennes a boutons. See the article Feelers.

Burros-fane, in natural hiftory, a kind of figured ftone, fo 'de- nominated from its refembling the button of a garment

Woodw. Method of Foff. 1. 2. art. 3. p. 17. The bution-flone is called by naturalifts porpites. Some make it a fpecies of echinites. See the article Echinites. Dr. Hook gives the figure of three forts of button-jhnes, which feem to have been nothing elfe but the filling up of three feveral forts of fhells. They are all of them very hard flints, and have this in common, that they confift of two bodies, which feem to have been the filling up of two holes or vents in the fhell. Hook, Pofthum. Works, p. 284.

Dr. Plot defcribes a new fpecies of button-flone, finely filiated from the top, after the manner of fome hair buttons, on which account it may be denominated porpites, unlefs we fhould rather take it for a new fpecies of echinites. Pit, Nat. Kift. Oxford a 5. §. 178. p. 14c.

This name is alfo given to a peculiar fpecies of flate found in' the marquifatc of Bareith, in a mountain called Fichtel- bergj which is extremely different from the common forts of flate, in that it rung with great edfe into glafs in five or fix hours time, without the addition of any fait or other fo- reign fubftance, to promote its vitrification, as other nones re- quire.

It contains in itfeif all the principles of glafs, and really has mixed m its fubftance the things neceftary to be added to pro- mote the fufion of other ftony bodies.

The