Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/410

 B U S

B U T

Towing kings and emperors to he buried \n the atrium or church- porch. In the iixth century, the people began to be admitted into the church-yards, and fome princes, founders, and bi- fhops, into the church. From that time the matter Teems to have been left to the difcretion of the bifhop. Vid. Shim. An- tiq. Canterb. p. 233, feq. Bingb. 1. 23 c. r. §. 2, feq. Du- rand.'6e Kitib. Ecclef. ]. 1. c. 23. 11.7. p. 219, feq.

BUSELAPHUS, in zoology, the name of an animal of the goat kind, called alfo tnofchelapbus. It is of a fort of middle fhape between the frag and ox kind. Its head and its ears are long, its legs and feet fmall, its tail about a foot long, and of the fhape of that of a heifer ; its upper part reddifh and very naked, its lower covered with long hairs. The hair of its whole body is of a tawney or redifh yellow colour; its horns are black, fmooth at the top, and rough every where elfe. It has two teats, and is an extremely tame and quiet animal, and naturally full of play. It is extremely fwift in running, and in nioff. refpects, except in fize, greatly refemblcs the common antelope. Ray, Syn. Quad, p. H.

BUSH, a tuft or affemblageof boughs or branches.

LimeSvsH, among bird -catchers, denotes an arm or bough of a bufhy tree, full of thick and long, yet fmooth and ftrait twigs, dawbed over with bird-lime, and placed on fome hedge where birds frequent, ufed efpecially for the taking of pheafants and fieldfares. Diet. Ruft. T. 1. in voc. Lime. See the articles Bird and Lime.

Buniiug-Bu sh, that wherein the Lord appeared to Mofes at the foot of mount Horeb. Exod.iii. 2.

'Tis difputed who theperfonwas that appeared to Mofes in the bujh. In divers places of Scripture it is faid to be God him- felf j in others, the angel of the Lord *. The fathers find great myfterics in the burning bujh : fome will have the incarna- tion typified by it, others the hypofratic union, others the pu- rity of Mary, who brought forth without injury to hefvirgi- nity b. The Mahometans hold, that one of Mofes's fhoes, which he put off as he approached the burning bujl?, was repo- rted in the ark of the covenant, to perpetuate the memory of

that miracle =. [* Budd. Hilt. Ecclef. Vet. Teft. P. 2.

fed. 1. §, 3. p. 3Q6, feq. Calm. Diet. Bibl. T. I. p. 331, feq. b Vid. Suif. Thef. Ecclef. T. 1. p. 672. voc. Bar©-. Budd. lib. cit. p. 396. c Calm. loc. cit.]

Bush alfo denotes a coronated frame of wood hung out as a fign ' at taverns. It takes the denomination from hence, that, anti- ently, figns where wine was fold were bujhes chiefly of ivy, I cyprefs, or the like plant, which keeps its verdure long. Kenn. ' GlofT. Paroch. Ant. voc. Bufcbe.

BUSHEL, (Cycl.) Bitfjellus, appears to have been firff. ufed for a liquid meafure of wine, equal to eight gallons. Oilo libra: fa- ciunt galonem vini, £j oEfo galones •ui'nifaciunt buflcllum London, qila eft eclava pais quartern a. The word was foon after tranf- ferred to the dry muzfure of corn of the fame quantity — Pcn- dus Olio librarian frumcr.tifacit bufTellum, de quibus o5lo confjlit auarterium h. — [ a Compofit. Menfur. an. 51 Hen. IILap. Spelm. Gloff. p. 254. voc. Gala. b Flet. 1. 2. c. 12. §. 1. Kenn, GlofT Paroch. Antiq. in voc. Bufjellus.')

The Englifhftandard bufhelis that of Henry VII. which iskept ' in the exchequer. This being filled with common fpring wa- I tef, and the water meafurcd before the houfe of commons in 1696, in a regular paralle!opiped, was found to contain 2145, 6 folid inches c ; and the laid water being weighed, a-

mounted to 11 31 ounces and 14 penny-weights troy d.

[ e Everard. Stercom. d Grcav. Orig. of Weights, p. 25,

%]

Befides the ftaridard or legal bufel, we have fcveral local bujh- els, of different dimenfions in different places. At Abingdon and Andover, a bifhel contains nine gallons ; at Appleby and Penrith, a bufiel of peafe, rye and wheat, contains 1 t> gallons ; of barley, big, malt, mixt malt, and oats, 20 gallons. A bujhel contains at Carlifle 24 gallons; at Chefter, a bz/Jbel of wheat, rye, &c. contains 32 gallons, and of oats 40; atDor- chefter, a bujlicl of malt and oats contains 10 gallons ; at Fal- mouth, the bupcl of itricken coals is 1 6 gallons, of other things 20, and ufually 21 gallons; at Kingfton upon Thames, the bvjh'cl contains eight and a half; at Newbury, 9 ; at Wic- comb and Reading, eight and three fourths ; at Stamford, 1 6 gallons. Nought. Collect:. T. 1. n. 46. p. 42. See the ar- ticle Weight.

Cenalis, in his treatifc of weights and meafures, makes his bujkcl one third of the Roman amphora. Merfennus obferves, that the Paris bujhel of wheat, heaped, contains 220160 grains, and when ftroked, 172000 grains. At the time of Severus death, there was corn in the public granaries of Rome for feven years fubfiftencc, at the rate of 75000 bufnels per day, that is, to fubfift 600,000 men folong, the Roman bujhel being the ordinary allowance for eight men per day. Trev. Dic~t. Univ. T. r. p. 1C98. voc. Boiffeau.

BUSS, in navigation, a kind of fly-boat ufed by the Dutch in the herring- filhing. Seethe articles Herring and Fishery, Cycl

The word is originally Flerhifh, buis, or buys, which fignifies the fame.

Buss, Buffo, is alfo the name of a large fort of veffel of war in ufe in the middle age; fpoke of by antiquaries and hiftorians under the fcveral denominations of buffa, bujaa, burcia, buza,

buccal an&bucia, Spelm. Gloffi p. 95. Aqu'm. key. Milit. T. 1. p 143, feq. Du Conge, Gloff. Lat. T. j. p. 656. The herring-/ ufs is ufually about 60 tun. The officers on board it are the matter or patron, his mate, and a boatfwain, who directs the fifhernlen, barretters, &e. The only diet in 3 bufs is fea-bifcuit, gruel, and the fifti they c itch. Feefch, Ing, Lex. p. 400. voc. Herri ng-buyfe. See alfo Aubin. Diet. Ma*, p. 130. voc. Sucbe; where the fabric and proportions of the fcveral parts of a bufs are defcribed, and a figure of this fort of veffel is given.

BUSSORIES, a name given by fome to that fpectes of pigeon called the carrier. The original of thefe pigeons came from Bazora in Perfia, being fomethnes brought from place to place by fhipping, and fonu'times in the caravans; and the name bujjhnes feerns only a corruption of Bdzoras, or Bazora pigeons. Moore's Columb. p. 28.

BUSTUARL*E maecba, a kind of public whores, who profti- tuted their bodies among the bufla or tombs, which it feems were ordinary places of rendezvous for affairs of this kind. Turneh. Advcrf. 1. 13. c. 19. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 129.

BUSTUM, [Cycl.) in antiquity, was properly the place where the corpfe of a dead man was burnt, and his bones and afhes buried.

When the body was only burnt there, and buried elfewhere, the place was not properly called huftum, but ufiriha, or n/lri- num. Fejl. in voc. Kirchman. de Funer. Rom. 1. 3. c. 1. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 303.

Busta GaUica, was a place in antient Rome, wherein the bones of the Gauls, who firff took the city, and were flain by Ca- millus, Were depofited. Varr. de Ling. Lat. 1. 4. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. r. p. 144. Pitifc. Lex, Antiq. T. 1. p. 303. It differed from

Busta Gallorum, a place on the Appennines, thus called by rea- fon of many thoufands of Gauls killed there by Fabjus.

Bustum, in the Campus Martius, was a ftructure whereon the emperor Auguflus firff, and, after him, the bodies of his fue- ceflbrs were burnt.

It Was built of white ffone, furrounded with an iron palifade* and planted within fide with alder trees. Pitifc. ubi fupra.

Bustum was alfo figuratively applied to denote any tomb. See the article Tome, Cycl. Whence thofe phrafes, facers huftum, violare buftum, &c.

Bustum of an altar, was the hearth or place where the fire Was kindled. Idem, ibid. See the article Altar, Cycl. and Suppt.

BUTCHER {Cycl.)— In London, the furnifhing the markets with butchers meat is cantoned into fcveral offices. We have carcafs butchers, who kill the meat in great quantities, and fell it out to another fort called retail butchers, difperfed in all out- parts, villages, and towns near the city. There are, befides, cow-jobbers, or falefmen, who buy and fell cattle, acting be- tween the butchers and the bleeders, or feeders c . Something like this alfo obtains at Paris *.—[<= Compl. Engl. Tradefm. T 2. p. 81. d Trev. Diet, Univ. T. 1. p. 1140. voc. Bou- cher.

Butch KR-bird, the Englifli name of the lanius. Pay's Or- nithol. p. q 3. See the article Lanius.

BuTCHEfcS-lhwm, a plant called by authors rufcus. See the article Ruscus.

BUTEO, the common buzzard, a bird of the lonc-win^ed hawk kind, of the fize of a pheafant, or fmall pullet. Its head is large and flat, and its beak fhort, crooked, and of a blueifh black, and covered above with a yellow fkin down to the nof- trils. Its back and wings are of a redifh or yellowifli brown, tending to black, or, as fome call it, a rufty black, fometimes variegated with white fpots near the fhoulders. Its breaft and belly are of ayellowifh white, but on the breaft there are feveral oblong rufty coloured fpots. Its thighs are covered with yel- lowifli white feathers, with tranfverfe ftreaks of a fermgineous colour; between its eyes and noftrils there are feveral black briftles. The tail is not forked, the legs are fhort, thick, ftron^, fcaly, and of a yellowifh colour, ft feeds on moles, field- mice, and other fuch animals; fometmies on fmall birds, and fometimes will feize on rabbets. In Want of better food, it will alfo fometimes live on beetle's worms, aiid the like; Its eggs are white, more or lefs fprinkled with irregular red fpots. In age, or by fome other accidents, the head and back in this fpecics are fometimes found grey. Ray's Ornithology, p. 88. See the article Buzzard.

Ap'ivorous BU7"EO. Sec the article Apivorus.

BUTHYS1A, EhSwna, in antiquity, a facri'fice of the greateft kind ; fuch were the hecatombs. See the articles Sacrifice and Hecatomb, Cycl.

The Greeks frequently prefixed the particle £*, bu, to words, to denote things of extraordinary magnitude, as alluding to the bignefs of oxen. Varr. de Re tufticS, I. 2. c. 5. Fell, de Verb. Sig'nif. in voc. Fab.Thef.p. 3S6.

BUTIG A, is an inflammation of the whole fate, otherwlfe called gntta rofoced. Rut. Lex. Alch. p. 107. ^umc. Lex. Phyf. Med. p. 61. J

BUTLER, or Botilkr* an officer Whofe chief charge is over the cellar and df inkables,

Butlers, Bnticularu, among the Normans, denote' wine tatt- ers; -appointed to examine liquors, and fee that they be right

and