Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/402

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priefl, enraged hercar, prefently killed him, and fled for it. Oil which the Athenians, fearing the refentment of the gods ; and feigning thcmfclves ignorant who had committed the fail, brought the bloody axe before the judges, where it was folemn- ]y arraigned, tried, found guilty, and condemned. And, in memory of this event, a fcafl was inftituted under the deno- mination of bupbonia a. In which it was ftill cuftomary for the priefl to fly, and judgment to be given about the flaughter of the ox b .— Sj-Su'ul. Lex. T. i. p. 45O. Meurf. Attic. Left. 1. 6. c. 22. Schocttg. Lex. Ant. p. 244. b Potter, Archasol. Grace. T. 1. 1. 2. c. 20. p. 3B1]

Paufanias relates, that the axe was brought In not guilty c. /Elian, on the contrary, reports, that the prieft and people pre- sent at the folemnity (for they alfo were accufed as being ac- ceflary to the fact) were acquitted, but the axe condemned d. — [ c Paufan. in Attic, c. 28. p. 7c. d Milan. Var. Hift. 1. 8. c. 3. Vid. Pott. loc. cit.]

In the bupbonia, certain cakes, of the fame fort with thofe ufed at facrifices, were placed on a tabic of brafs ; round this they drove a felect number of oxen, of which he that eat any of the cakes was prefently Slaughtered; three families were pecu- liarly retained in this ceremony ; they whofe duty it was to drive the oxen, were called *s%«&»i ; they who knocked him down, /?«Woi, being defcended from Thaulon ; and thofe who Slaughtered and cut him up, &w^oi, butchers or cooks. Lake- tnak. Antiq. Grsec. Sacr. P. 4. c. 2. §. 8. p. 599.5 feq- Pott. ubi fupfa. BUPHTHALMUM, Ox-eye, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the radiated kind ; its disk is compofed of a number of flof- cules, which are feparatcd from one another by fmall imbri- cated leaves ; the outer circle is compofed of femiflofcuies ; all thefe are placed upon the embryo-feeds, and all contained in one general cup, of a fquammofe flru&ure. The embryos finally ripen into long and fiender feeds, of an angular figure. To this it is alfo to be added, that the whole plant has its pe- culiar appearance, which readily difUnguifhes it from all the others of the radiated clafs.

The fpecies of bupbthahman, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, ate thefe. 1. The tawny-leaved bupbthalmwn. 2. The tawny- leaved buphtbalmum, with white flowers. Tournefort' % Inftit. p. 495.

An infufion of the flowers of this plant is faid to be an excel- lent diuretic, and the leaves are efteemed vulnerary j but nei- ther are now in ufe; BUPHTHALMUS, in botany, a name given by fome of the antients to the common great houfeleek, or fedum majus, from the manner of its growing in clufters, refembling the eyes of large animals. BUPRESTES, a fort of oblong cantbarides, of a flunking fmell. and very fevere bite; it is of the fame nature with the com- mon cantharides, or Spanifh fly, and is faid to do great injury to the cattle, which, feeding, chance to eat it. BURACO de velta, in zoology, the name of a fifh caught on the fhores of the Erafils, and more ufually known among au thors by its Brafilian name guaibi coara. Ray's Ichthyology, p. 315. See the article Guaiei coara. BURBARUS, in ichthyology, a name given by Paul Jovius, and fome other writers oil fifties, to the common carp. See the article Cyprinus. BURBER, an Egyptian piece of money. It is a thick piece of copper, about as broad as a fixpence; twelve of thefe make medv:e there. Pocock's Egypt, p. 175. BURBOT, the Englim name of the ?mtjiela fuviatilis ; a fifh common in the Trent, and many other of our rivers, and called in other places the eel-pout. Wilhghbys Hift. Pifc. p,, 125.

BURCA, among the Turks, the name of the rich covering of the door of the houfe at Mecca ; it is ten feet long, and fiv. wide ; and there are feveral figures and Arabic letters on it, very richly embroidered in gold, on a ground of red and green This is carried about in their folemn proceflions, and is often made to flop, that the people may touch it. -BURDA, in fome middle age writers, denotes a garment mad

of rufhes. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. T. 1. p. 645. BURDACK, an /Egyptian vefiel, which fheep ufually drink out of at Cairo. They are made of a peculiar fort of earth, which is fuppofed to cool the water, and are always fet out to the north, to keep the cooler, and covered with a ftrainer, to prevent anything falling into the water; they are of fo po- rous a firu£ture, that the water put into them will get through them in a few days. Pocock's Egypt, p. 186. BURDEN (Cycl.) — The ufual rule whereby a flap's burden isdif- covered, is, that it will commodioufly bear a weight equal to that of half the water which would fill its capacity. But this rule is not demonftrative, and fome depart from it as unexact, allowing only two fifths, or even one third of the water, for the fliip's burden. Mem. Acad. Scienc. an. 1721. p. 125, . feq. §hips of Burden, denote thofe of the larger and heavier fort,

carrying 500 tons, or upwards. BURDO, in phyfiology, a mongrel beaft of burden, produced by a horfe and afhe-afs, by which it is diftinguifhed from the mule, which is that produced of a male afc by 1 mare. Briff.

■ de Verb. Signif. p. 87. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 128. Pitif-.Lcx. Ant. T. 1. p. 302. See the article Mule, Cycl. and Suppl. The liver and tefticles of the burdo are greatly commended by Aldrovand, and fome other authors, as medicines, but now never ufed. Aldrovand. de Quadr. Burdo, or Bvrdon, in middle age writers, denotes a pilgrim 7 * long ftafl 7, as doing the office on that occafion of a mule, or other vehicle. Vid. Cafcnenv. Orig. p. 27. voc. Bourdon. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 646. voc. Burdo. BURDONARII, an appellation fometimes given to pilgrims, or thofe who went out of devotion to the holy land. Du Cange, lib. cit. p. 647.

The word is formed from burdo, an appellation given the ftaff wherewith they travelled. See the article Burdo. BURDUNCULUS, in botany, a name given by fome to the plant known among mod of the botanical writers by the name of bughffum ccbioides capitulis cardui bencdicli. BURGH-ic/f, is chiefly ufed for an aid or contribution levied for the repairing of a town or caftle. Spelm. Glofl". p. 92. Du Cange, Gloif. Lat. T. 1. p, 649.

By the law of king Athelffan, the caftles and walls of towns were to be repaired, and burgb-bote levied every year, within a fortnight after rogation days a. No perfon whatever was ex- empt from this fervice; the king himfelf could not difpenfe a man from burgb-bote : yet, in after-times, exemptions appear to have been frequently granted ; infomuch that, according to Cowel, the word burgb-bote came to be chiefly ufed to denote^ not thefervice but the liberty or exemption from it \ — [? Leg. Athelft. c. 13. Spelm. Glofl: p. 92. h Cow. Interpr. in yoc Du Cange, loc. cit. p. 650. J BvnGii-brecbe, or brecb, a fine impofed on the community of a town, or burgh, for the breach of peace among them. Leg. Canut. C. 55. Spelm. Glofl: p. 92. Du Cange, GloiT. Lat. T.i. p. 650. See the article Borough. BuRGH-?/w/?fr, an officer in the tin-mines, who direcTs and lays out the meers for the workmen, &c. otherwife denominated bailiff and bar-mafler. Pett. Hift. Roy. Mines, p. 83, 85, feq. See the articles Bar-w^t, and Tin. BURGAGE {Cycl.) is fometimes ufed to denote the rent, or quit- rent paid to the chief lord for the houfes and tenements in a town or borough. Kenn. Glofl". adParoch. Antiq. in voc. Burgage alfo obtains in the laws of Normandy ; fome imagine, that it had its firft rife here, and was brought into England by William the Conqueror ; others are of opinion, that Rolio, when driven out of England, carried it thence into Norman- dy. Aubert, ap. Richel. TV. J., p. 227. Free Burgage, Burgagium liberum, denotes a tenure, whereby the tenants, after having paid their rent to the fuperior lord, were exempted from the fervice, Du Cange, Glofl". Lat. T.' 1. p. 647. BURGAU, in natural hiftory, the name of a large fpecies of fea fnail, of the lunar or round-mouthed kind; it is very beau- tifully lined with a coat, of the nature of the mother of pearl, and the artificers take this out, to ufe under the name of mo- ther of pearl, though fome call it after the name of the fheil they take it from, bnrgaudine. BURGAUDFNE, the name given by the French artificers to what we call mother of pearl. In their works, they do not ufc the common nacre fhell for this, but the lining of the Ameri- can burgau. Hence fome call all the mother of pearl burgmt- cline, and fome call the burgaudine mother of pearl. BURGEON, in gardening, a knot or button put forth by the branch of a tree in the fpring. Bradl. Diet. Botan. T. 1. in voc.

The word is formed from the French bourgeon, which fignifies the fame, formed from the Latin barrio, of burra. Menag, Orig. Franc, p. 119. yoc. Bourgeon.

Bourgeon amounts to the fame with what is otherwife called eye, bud, or germ.

Frofts are chiefly dangerous when the burgeons begin to appear. The burgeons have the fame skin, fame pith, fame ligneous body, and fame infertions as the ftalk ; that is, all the parts are tha fame in both ; only more contracted in the former ; the juice which enters them receiving an extenfion like that of gold in pafling through a wire-drawer's iron, and the parts unfolding much after the manner of the draws of a telefcope. Trev. Di£t. Univ. T. 1. p. n6g. BURGESS (Cycl.) — Antrently burgejfe s were held in great Con- tempt ; being reputed fervile, bafe, and unfit for war ; fo that the gentry were not allowed to intermarry in their families, or fight with them ; but, in lieu thereof, were to appoint cham- pions a. A burghers fan was reputed of age, when he could diftinflly count money, meafure cloth b, £s>V.— [» Spelm. GlofT .p. 92. b Glanvil 1. 7- c. 9.] Kings Burg ess, b'urgenfs regis, was he who, though refidingin another's jurifdiclion, was exempt therefrom, and only fubjed to the jurifdiftion of the king, unlcfs the lord alfo enjoyed royal jurifdi&ion. Vid. Leges Burgor. Scot. c. 2. p. 53. Du Cange, Glofl: Lat, T. j. p. 649.

In a ftatute under Rich. II. viz. 5 Rich. U, c. 4. where the feveral claries of perfons in the commonwealth are enumerated, we meet with count, baron, banneret, chivaleer de countee, citizein de cit'ie, and burgefs de burgh. Spelm. GloiT. p. 92. No man is qualified to be a burgefs in parliament, who hath not