Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/401

 BUN

BUP

i6?2t 6 vol. fol. & Lugd. 1697. fol. in qua nonnullaomifla. e Luxcmb. 1728. 8 vol. fol. cuipoftea acceffit nonum volum. fupplementorum omiflbrum in omnibus edit. f Vid. Fabric. Bibl. Med. .^Evi Lat. I. 2. T. 1. p, 816—822.]

BULLET {CycL)— Bullets mot into the water undergo a refrac- tion j feveral experiments concerning which are given by Mr. Carre. Vid. Mem. Acad. Scienc. an. i;oj. p. 277. Bullets are cart in iron-moulds. See Bullet -mould, and Bul- LET-bore, infra.

The extraction of bullets from wounds is an operation defcribed by chirurgical writers a. Bullets fometimes remain eafy in the body during many years b. Agricola afcribes great virtues to the bullet wherewith a deer has been killed, which is reprefented as a fpecific againft the parotides c, ganglia A , l$c. — [ a Junck Confp. Chirurg. tab. So. p. 544., feq. b Id. ibid. p. 543 2 Job. Agric. Chirurg. Parv. ap. Junck. lib. cit. tab. 20. p. 147. d 'Junck, ib. tab. 24. p. 165.]

Swallowing of mufket-bullcts is fometimes practifed to remove iliac and colic pains. Mr. Young gives a cafe wherein this had a terrible effect : the bullet happening to mils its way down, and, inftead of the oefophagus, got into the trachea e. Mr. Chirac has a differtation exprefs on the queftton, which of the two is fafer in iliac cafes, to fwallow leaden bullets, or crude mercury ? He gives the preference to the bullets r. — [ c Vide Hook. Cutl. Left. 2. Com. p. 105. f Phil. Tranf. N<* 263. p. 567.] See the article Iliac, CycL

hvLLET-moulds confift of two concave bemifpheres, with a han- dle whereby to hold them ; and between the hemifpheres is a hole, called a gate, at which to pour in the melted metal. The chaps or hemifpheres of bullet-moulds are firft punched, being blood-red hot, with a round ended punch, of the fhape and nearly of the fize of the intended bullets. To clean fe the infides, they make ufe of a bullet-bore.

BuLLET-&?r<?, is a fteel {hank, having a globe at one end, where- with to bore the iniide of a mould clean, of the fize intended. A'Joxou. Mechan. Exerc. P. 1. p. 52 — 55.

BuLL'ET-iVflS, a denomination given byfometo Spanifh orSwe- difh bars of iron. Hought. Collect. N° 275. T. 2. p. 229. See the article Iron.

BULLIMENTA, is ufed by fomc chemifts for the warnings and fcourings of gold, or filver veffels, in proper liquors, to ren- der them brighter. Libav. Synt. Arc. Chem. I. 1. c. 24. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. uj.

BULLIMONY, Bullimong, Bollimony, or Bollimong, denotes a mixture of feveral forts of grain, as oats, p'cafe, and vetches, called alfo majlin or mong-corn. Kenn. Gloff. ad Pa- roch. Antiq. voc. Buffer. Diet. Ruft. T. 1. in voc.

BULLION (CycL) — The word is apparently formed from the French billon, a mafs of gold or filver below ftandard, which Du Cange derives further from billa, as being aurum aut argen- tum in majjamfeu billam, i. e. baculum confiatum. Trev. Diet.
 * Univ. T. 1. p. 1044, f ec b voc - Billon*

Silver bullion is fometimes alfo denominated plate. See the ar- ticle Plate, CycL and Suppl.

By the Scottish laws, the cuff oms in the exportation of goods were to be paid in bullion. Skene gives an A, B, C, of bullion, exprfeffing the quantities thereof which the merchants were to pay for goods exported out of the realm. Sken, de Verb. Sig- nif. p. 32

BULLITION, is ufed for the effect arifing upon the mixture of different liquors, which often is a quantity of bubbles, or froth. Grew, Difc. of Mixt. Lect. 2. c. 1. §. 6.

BULTEL, the bran or refufe of meal after dreffing.

The word is formed from the barbarous Latin, bultellus, or huU tellum, a fearce or boulter. Matth. Paris, an. 1202. p. 145 Du Cange, Gloff. Lat.. T. 1. p. 636. voc. Buletellum. Item, p. 644, voc- Bultelius.

Bultel alfo denotes a bag wherein meal is drefTed, called alfo a bulter, or rather boulter.

hULTER-cloth, a linnen or hair-cloth for fifting or fearching of meal or flour. See the articles Bolter, and Bolting.

BUMBUNNY, in botany, a name given by the people of Gui- nea to a plant common in that place, which ferves them as an emetic ; they boil a few of the leaves in water, and drink this liquor, which vomits very eafily. Phil. Tranfact. N° 232.

BUN, the dry kexe, or ftalk of hemp, Gripped of its rind. Hought. Collect. N° 347. T. 2. p. 39 1. See Hemp.

Bun is alfo a denomination by fome given to coffee. Houghton^ ibid. N° 458. T. 3. p. 126. See Coffee, CycL

BUNCH, a duffer or affemblage of certain things, as of grapes.

Bunch alfo denotes a tumour, or protuberance, natural or pre- ternatural, either on an animal or vegetable body. See the article Tumour, CycL and Suppl.

The lunch growing about the graft of a plant is a fort of cal- lus formed by the extravafated fop. Mem. Acad. Scienc. an 1705. p. 453. See the article Engrafting, CycL and Grafting, Suppl.

Camels have one bunch on their backs, dromedaries two 3 ; though we are told of a fort of camels in Turkeftan, which have two bunches each, one before the other, the foremoft be- ing about half a foot high, and the hindmoft lefs b .~- [ a Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1 129. voc. Bojfe. b Mem. Acad. Sci- enc. an, 1693. p- 3 15]

Bunches of camels are not formed by the curvity of the fpina Suppl. Vol. I.

dorfi, which is no higher in this than in other parts, but Is a mere flefhy excrefcence, of a glandulous fubftance, much like the udders of other animals, or the tails of thofefheep in Bar- bary, which weigh from twenty to twenty-five pounds. Mem. Acad. Scienc. an. 16^3. p^3i6. Bunch, in chirurgery, denotes an elevation of the back, arifing from an exterior luxation of the vertebrae thereof. The cure is begun by keeping emollients a long time on the vertebrae, whereby to loofen the ligaments, and finifhed by wearing an iron boddice, which cornprefling the vertebra?, by degrees drives them back to their natural fituation. he Clerc, Treat. Oper. Luxat. c. 6. Comp. Surg. p. 262. Van-horn* Microt. §. 19. p. 63.

Naturalifts fpeak of a kind of bunch, or hump-backed whale, different from that which yields the jpcrma ceti. Phih Tranf. N° 387. p. 258. See thearticle Whale. We are alfo told of bunch-backed kine at Quivira, having; large prominences on their fore-fhoulders. Hought. Coll. N° 106. T.i. p. 283.

Bunches in horfes, called alfo knobs, warts, and wens, are dif- eafes arifing from foul meat, bruifes, hard labour, or the like; whereby the blood becoming putrefied and foul, occafions fuch excrefcences. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

BUNCHED cods, among florifts, are thofe which ftand out, and wherein the feed is lodged. Diet. Ruft. T. 1. in voc.

Bunched roots, thofe round roots which have knobs or knots iri them. Diet. Ruft. T. 1. in voc. See Root, and Bulb.

BUNG, the ftopple of a caik, barrel s or the like. See the ar- ticle Cask, CycL

The bung is a wooden plug, ferving to flop the hole left in the top of a veffel to be filled by. ft anfwers to what, among the antients, was called epiJio?nium, and in the middle zgejigil/us, the feal of a veffel, by reafon in thofe days it was ufually fealed. Du Cange, Gioff. Lat. T. 4 p. R56. v oc. Sigillus. The name bung is alfo given to the hole itfelf, otherwife called bung-hole.

After tonning new wine, or cider, the bung is ufually left open for fome time, that when the liquor comes to work, there may be vent for the froth or fcum, and that the hoops may not be in danger of being burft by the violence of the fermentation. Yet, in fome cafes, they leave wines to ferment, without giv- ing them vent by the bung, in order to render them more brifk and fpirituous : in which cafe, It is neceffary the veffel be hooped with iron, and other precautions taken that the bung do not fly. Savar. Diet. Comm. T. 1. p, 401. voc. Bondon.

BUNK, or Bunken, a word frequently occurring in the writ- 1 ings of the Arabian phyficians. We do not at this time cer- tainly know what it was ; but fo far is plain, that it was an aromatic root ufed in cardiac, ftomachic, and carminative com- pofitions.

BUNT (CycL) — If a fail have too much bunt, it will hang too much to the leeward-wind* as they call it, and hold much Iecward-wind, which will hinder the ihip's failing, efpecially by the wind : on the contrary, if it have too little, it will not hold wind enough, and fo not give the ftiip fufHcient way a. Seamen all agree, that a bellying or bunti??g fall carries a veffel fafter to the windward than a ftrait or faff fail : the contrary of which is afferted by Dr. Hooke, who has a difcourfe rexpreis, to fhew the preference of ftrait to bunting fails b. — [ a Manwayr. Seam. Diet. p. 17. b Vid. Hooke, Pofthum. Works, p. 563, feq.]

BUNTING, in zoology, the common Englifh name of the emberixa alba, called by others calandra, conchramus alauda congener, and Jlrszdlo, of Jlrillozxo. It is of the hortulanus kind, having a very large tubercle, or hard prominence on the upper chap. Its hinder-toe is long, but the claw of it is more crooked and fhorter than in the lark. It is all over of a pale brown on the back, and of a fomewhat yellowifh hue on the breaft and belly ; the throat is variegated with fome longifh black ffreaks. It feeds on corn and other feeds, and fings very fweetly, ufually fitfing on the top branches of trees. Ray's Ornithology, p 195.

BUONACC ORDO, a final! ftringed mufical inftrument, refem- bling a fpinet, ufed by children to learn to play on, by rea- fon of the fhortnefs of their fingers. Galil. Dial. dell. Muf. Ant. & Mod. p. 61, feq. Watch. Muf. Lex. p. I ig. The word is Italian, where it properly denotes a harpfichord. Vocab. Crufc. T. 2. p. 248. See the article Harpsichord, CycL

BUOYANT, denotes a thing floating, or apt to float. Hence alfo to buoy up a cable, is to make fait a piece of floating wood, barrel, or the like, to it, fomewhere near the anchor, that the cable may not touch the ground, when that is fufpected to be foul or rocky, for fear of fretting and cutting the cable. Botel. Sea. Dial. 4. p. 242.

BUPHONIA, Butpwet, in antiquity, an Athenian feaft or cere- mony, denominated from a bullock flain therein, with quaint formalities.

The buphonia was properly a part or appendage of the cere- mony of the diipolia. See the article Diipolia. For the origin of the buphonia, we are told it was forbidden by the laws of Attica to kill an ox : but it once happened, at the feaft of the diipolia^ that an ox eat the corn, others fay the cakes, which had been dreffed for the facrifice. Thaulon the 5 T priert,.