Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/40

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ADA

Criminals condemned to this, were called Metallici. Leg. 10. Dig. de Pcenis. Ad quiddities, among fchoolmen, include the relations, ana- logics, agreements, difagreements, fimilitudes, diflimihtudes of things. See Quiddity, Cycl.

Ad quiddities are properly thole attributes of things, which anfwer to the queltion, ad quid? to what? By which they differ from mere Quiddities, which anfwer to the queftion, quid fit ? What is it? The latter inquire what things are in themfelves ; the former what they are, ad alia. V. Herb. de Verit. p. 233.

Ad valorem, is ufed in {peaking of the duties, or cuftoms, paid by certain commodities ; fame things are rated by the weight, meaiure, tale, or the like ; others pay ad valorem, accord- ing to their value, or worth fworn to by the owner. The duties ad valorem, formerly payable on books im- ported, ceafed in 1723. Inftead of which a duty of four- teen {hillings per hundred weight on bound, and feven {hil- lings on unbound books was impofed. Stat. 9. Georg. 1. C 1 9.

ADAGIO, {Cycl.) — Sometimes this word is repeated, as Adagio, Adagio, to denote a ftill greater retardation in the time of the mufic. Brojf. Diet. Muf. p. 8.

The word literally imports foftly, leifurely. Vocab. de la Crufc.T. 2. p. 28.

ADAMANT, Adamas, (Cycl.)-Adamas is ufed in fome an- ticnt naturalifts, for the fpume or fcoria of gold ; which is caft away, as not being malleable. Salmaf Not. adSolin. This is particularly called, %%V9* «&*fM#]«, and is miftaken by Pliny, for the gemm of that name. Id. ibid. p. 1084.

Adamant is alfo ufed for a fpsctes of iron, denoting the hardeft, or higheft tempered part thereof. Salmaf. Exerc. ad Solin. p. 1081. feq. 1084. and 1089.

This is fometimes called the adamantine part of iron. Sal- maf. ibid.

Mr. Boyle more particularly gives the denomination, Adamas lucidus, to a diamond in his poflefnon, which had the fa- culty of iliming in the dark ; a property fince difcovered in many others, at leaft when excited by fri&ion. V. Boyl. Phil. Work. Abr. T. 1. p. 494. It. T. 3. p. 155.

Adamant is fometimes alfo ufed for the magnet, or load- itonc. See Magnet, Cycl. and Suppl. In which fenfe Skinner thinks it may be beft derived from the French Aimant, which fignifies the fame. Shim. Etym. in Voc.

ADAMANTII, in church hiftory, a name given by fome chrif- tian hiftorians to the followers of Origin % furnamed Adaman- tius, according to fome ; or rather, as He u man fays ", whofe name was Adaiaaniius. In effect, we find feveral other Ada- mantii $ a fophift AdamanUus c, a martyr Adamantius d, &c. • — [ a Sagittar. Introd. ad Hift. Ecclef. T. 1. c. 31. Sec. 58. p. 1113. b Heuman. Via ad Hilt. Liter, c. 4. §. 17. Not. p. 77. c Fabric. Bibl. Grace. T. 2. h*. c. 6. p. 171. d Lipf. Var. Lea. c. 28. p. 884.]

ADAMI Pomum, (Cycl) The name Adam's apple,, is given to a kind of fruit frequent in Italy, refembling a lemon, faid to be a good remedy againft the itch. Dict.Ruft. T. 1. in Voc.

AD A MIC earth, Terra Adaituca, is a name fome have given to common clay; called alfo terra Zoica, rubella and lutum. mdto. Meth. Foff p. 4.

The occafion of the name we fuppofeto be, that this is taken for the Adamah, or ruddy earth, of which the firft man was formed. V. Act. Erud. Lipf. an 1703. p. 39. Kunkel gives the name, terra adamica, to the earth, or mud, which fettles to the bottom of water putrified on the land, and which it is faid, is capable of growing to fuch a degree of hardnefs and folidity, as to equal the weight of fome metals, and constitute done, &v. This he fuppofes to be the univerfal principle of which all things were made. V. Mem. de Trev. an. 1724. p. 205. feq.

ADAMITES, (Cycl.) in church hiftory, a name given by fome writers to the firft patriarchs, the fons or defcendants of Adam by Seth. In which fenfe Adamites amount to the fame with Sethites, and ftand Jiftinguifhed from Cainites. There are divers traditions concerning the quarrels, wars, &c. between the Adamites and the Cainites. V. Obferv. Halens. T. 10. Obferv. 11. §. 26. p. 301. feq. -

Some perfons, from a pafiage in St. Paul, have ftarted an opi- nion concerning men before Adam, under the denomina- tion of Preadamites. Rom, c. 5. v. 13. feq. See Pre Ada- mite, Cycl.

As to the fe£t of the Adamites, mentioned in the Cyclopaedia, it is to be obferved, that the Romanifts and reformed have branded each other with having Adamites among them. Moreri affirms that there are Adamites in England, where they hold meetings in the night, and that their great principle is jura, per jura, fe- cretum prodere noli, for which he has been cenfured by fome of his own country-men. Sorbier. p. 17. V.Micrcl Hift Ecclef. 1. 3. fee. 1. §. 6. p. 883.

Furetiere fpeaks of Adamites in Germany, for which he is cenfured by Le Clerc. Bill. Choif. T. 16. p. 124. feq. On the other hand, Danaeus 3 affirms, that there are Adamites ftill exifting in Italy, who go naked by vow, in confequence of

the rules of their order ; for which he is cenfured by Bavlc b ; — [ a In Augujl. de Hcraef. c. 31, b Bayl. Did. Crit. T. 1. in Voc]

The Lumbard Adamites appeared in the XII" 1 century, headed by Tandemius of Antwerp ; but they do not appear to de- ferve the name of a religious feci, for that they are faid to have been a troop of military men, who ravifhed all the women they met with. They were otherwife called Langobardi. Barvn. ad Ann. ii26.p. \%. Pfeff- fnft. Hift. Ecclef. Sice. XII. c. 3. §. 1. p. 565.

las Adamites ot Bohemia, commonly faid to have arifen in the X V lh century, are the fame fort which is otherwife called the Fratrcs Bohemi, and at other times, Picards, and JValdenfes. A late ingenious writer, has {hewn that the Adamitifm, i. e. the nakednefs of thefe people is a mere calumny, forged by their adverfaries, the Calixtincs and papifts, at the time when the Vaudois firft {hewed themfelves in that country b , — [ a Beaifobre, Diff. furies Adamites de Boheme, ap. Bibl. Germ. T. 4. p. 118. It. T. 19. p. 73. b For further particulars concerning this feet, See Pfaff. Hift. Ecckf. Srec. XV. c. 3. §. 2. p. 732. Ouyres des Sav. Aout, 1689. p. 511. Jour. des Scav. T. 35. p. 573. Bayl. Diet. Crit. Voc. Picard in Not. (B). Arnd, Lex. Ecclef. p. 495. Budd. Ifag. ad The- olog. 1. 2. c. 7. p. 1 1 73.

ADAR, in the Hebrew chronology, the twelfth month of their ecclefiaftical year, and the fixth of their civil year. It con- tains only nine and twenty days, and anfwers to our Fe- bruary, and fometimes enters into the month of March y according to the courfe of the moon. Calmet Diet, in Voc.

ADARCE, in the materia medica of the antients, a faltiih humor concreting about the ftalks of reeds, and other vegetable mat- ter, in form of incruftations. V. Gorr. Def. Med. p. 5. Har- deuin. Not. ad Plin. 1. 32. 09. Cajhll. Lex. Med. in Voc. The word is alfo written, Adarca, Adarcion, Adarcus, A^**, A^xw, A?«gxu. Adarce is fometimes alfo called Pericala- mitum and Calamoclnum % fometimes ^ip^c, or /up»lK, or Kpwr^v, from the lakes and marfhes, where it is found ; Hippocrates feems to call it o£#>j*mo», on account of the plenty in which it grew in the lake of that name \ In latter times,

it is fuppofed to be known by the name B alia mar inum z.

[ a Ca/id. Lex. Med. in Voc. Adarce. b Salmaf. Exerc. ad So- lin. p. 1301. Martin. Lex. Philof. T. 1. p. 12. c Cajlel. 1. c] The antients fpeak of ddarce, as chiefly produced in Cappa- dociaand Galatia, tho' we alio read of it in Italy ; and of a native kind produced inlndian reeds, much as fugar in the cane. The antients tempered the Adarce with other matters, and thus applied it externally, as a detergent and refolver, againft divers cutaneous foulneifes, alfo for the teeth d. We alfo read of Adarce, growing out of the fpume of frefh water e.

Dr. Plot obferved the frefh water Adarce, both in Oxford- shire and StafFordlhire. f. — [ d V. Dlefcer. L 5. c. 137. CaJL Lex. Med. p. 15. c Rulland. Lex. Alchem. p. 6. f Plot, Nat. Hift. Oxfordshire, c. 5. §. 141. Id. Staffordshire, c. 5. §. 28.]

Tho' fome have fuppofed the incruftations, often feen about our fprings, to be the fame with the Adarce of the Greek phyhcians ; this feems a miftake, as thefe incruftations poftefs none of the virtues, or properties of that fubffance ; it being principally compofed of fea-falt, of which thofe contain no particle, being merely a mixture of earth and fpar. See Spar.

ADARCON, Adarconim, an antient coin, mentioned in fcrip- ture, ufually of gold.

Adarcon, is the fame with what is otherwife called Darch- man, both words being derived, as fome think, from thofe gold pieces coined by Darius, called A^.^o, ; others fuppofe the word a corruption of the Greek \a-x#* '■ the Septua^int renders it by l^xy-n, & e Latin tranflation by ten thoulknd, and the Engliih, by drachm. 1 Chron. c. xxix. v. 7. Ezra c. iii. v. 27. Nehem. c. vii. v. 69, 70.

Hoftus makes the Adarcon only equal to the Attic drachma ; but bifhop Cumberland, after the fcholiafts of Ariffophanes and Harpocration, twice as much. V. Hofl. Hift. Rei. Numar. c. 4. p. 305. Eft', on Jew. Meaf. fcfr. c. 4. p. 112. feq. See alfo Calmet, Diet. T. 1. p. 44. feq.

ADARME, in commerce, a fmall Spanifii weight ufed through their American provinces, equal to the fixteenth part of an ounce. Savar. Diet. Com. T. r. p. 22. Stephens renders it in Englifh by a dram. Steph. Span. Diet, in voc.

ADARTICULATION, in fome phyficians, is ufed for *&*>- ha ; in others, for ha^vm. CaJL Lex. Med. p. 15. See Arthrodia, and Di arthrosis, Cycl.

ADCHER, in the materia medica, a name given by Avicenna and Serapion, to the Sc^enanthe, or camel's hay. This feems to have been at that time, the common Arabian name of this drug ; but Garcias tells us, that in his time the Arabs called it Adhcr. The Greeks, who have borrowed the Arabick names for medicines, confirm the original word, being as we have it in Avifenna, they all writing it Adcher, or Ed~ cher. The Lexicon Saracenicum, has the word Eletcker, for the name of Scaenanth : this, and the word Aladcher, and the word Azcher, Wing all ufed at times, as names of

the