Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/399

 BUL

going off, is fucceetled by fwoonings, &c. The beft remedy againft it is faid to be the fmell of bread. Lang. Epift. Med. 1. 2. ep. 28. p. 6rS, feq.

Fromundus, relating how he himfelf, by walking'longon the fnow, was furprized with the bulimia, takes notice, that the chief caufe of the fainting was in die ftomach, and that he found, by his own experience, that part difcompofed, twitched, and provoked to Teachings. He adds, that he thinks the chief caufe of the bulimia to confift in certain fleams that peculiarly affecl: the ftomach, which they gnaw and diftend. The fame author notes, that {training to fetch deep coughs, is a prefent remedy in this diftemper, by difcharging the ftomach and lungs of thefe fnowy fpirits, which were either attracted in refpira- tion, or had forre other way iniinuated themfelves into thofe parts. By this it feems to appear, that, befides the cold ab- ftractedly confidered, the ftomach may be peculiarly affected by other attendants of the frigorific corpufcles, that grow power- ful in frofty weather. To this it well agrees, that feveralhave been fubje£fc to a bulimia in our climate, who endure nothing near fo great a cold, nor are fo much difordered by it, as multi- tudes of others, who, inNovaZembla and other frozen regions, never complained of having contracted, even in the midft of winter, any fuch difeafe. Boyle, Philof. Works abr. T. i. p. 696.

Bulimy is alfo lefs properly ufed by modern writers, for any ap- petite craving and voracious beyond what is natural to the con- ftitution. See the article Orexis.

Dr. Plot mentions a ftrange bulimy, or rather pica, which feized one Brian Carefwell of Forton in Stafrbrdfhire, who would gnaw and eat both linnen and woollen ; nay, to that height of habit was he brought at length, that he would eat ropes, and the very blankets of the bed whereon he lay ; and this not only waking, but the very fheets and the fliirt from his back while he fiept. Plot, Nat. Hift. Stafford*}], c. 8. §.62. p. 301.

BULITHOS, BtAiS^, / apis bovinus, a calculus or ftone found in the gall-bladder, kidneys, or urinary bladder of oxen. Inftances hereof are given by Bromell E, the Academy Na turse Curioforum b , and other naturulifts ; by which it ap- pears that Ariftotle was miftaken in afferting, that man alone is fubjeft to the ftone, and enquiring folicitoufly into the rea- fons hereof c. — [ a Bromell. Lithograph. Suec. Specim. 1. fe£t. 1. c. 2. art. 3. A<5t. Liter. Suec. an. 1725. p. 74, feq. h Ephem. Acad. Nat. Cur. Dec. 2. an. 6. c Ariflot, Probl. feci:. 10. n. 42. Caft. Lex. Med. p. 115.]

BULKER, a local word, ufed in Lincolnfliire for a beam orraf- ter. See the article Beam, Cycl. and Suppl.

BULL, Taurus, in zoology. See the article Taurus.

One bull fuffices for fifty cows, fome fay fixty. His beft age is about two, or from one to three, before he arrives at his full growth, when he grows heavy and fluggifh. Hence that old rule among countrymen,

He thai will have his farm full, Mujl have an old cock and a young bull. From that time, being of no further ufe in breeding, he is ufu- ally gelt, and makes what they call a bull-flag, in the North corruptly a bull-Jig, to be fatted for the market. Nought. Col- lect. T. 1. N° iofi. p. 285, feq.

Among the antients, thofe who triumphed, facrificed a bull, when they arrived at the Capitol. Bulls were offered to A- pollo and Neptune. It was held a crime to facrihee them to Jupiter, tho' we do not want inftances of that practice. Pi' tifc. Lex. Antiq. T. 2. p. 904, feq.

Bulls were ranked by the Romans in the number of military rewards. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. 2. p. 347, voc. Taurus. Lzv. 1. 7 hiti.

Perillush Bull was a hollow brazen engine of torture, in the fhape of that quadruped ; wherein perfons being (hut up, and fire applied, their cries Imitated the roaring of a bull. Salmuih. adPancirol. P. I. tit. 48, p. 225.

Bulls blood, freih drawn, is a powerful poifon, as coagulating in the ftomach. See the article Blood.

Bulls gall is an intenfe bitter, more pungent and acrimonious than that of any other animal ; whence it is fometimes ufed to deftroy worms. Junck. Confp. Therap. tab. H. p. 339. See the article Gall.

Bannal Bull, denotes a hull kept by a lord, who has a right to demand all his tenants to bring their cows to be ferved by him. Seethe article Ban nalis.

Free Bull, according to Du Cange, fignifies the fame with bannal bull. Hence tauri liberi Ubertas j which, however, fliould rather feem to denote a privilege of keeping a bull in- dependent of the lord. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 4. p. 1075. voc. Taurus.

Wild Bulls. The wild bulls, now fo numerous on the continent of America, are faid to have fprung from one bull and feven cows, which were carried thither by fome of the firft con- querors.

In the ifland of Hifpaniola, the French buccaneers purfue bulls with dogs, and kill them with fire-arms. At Buenos Ayres, the Spanifh tauradors chafe them on horfeback, armed with a long lance, at the end of which is a half-moon of (harp fteel. Having drawn a number of the horned kind together, they let the cows efcape, but dexteroufly take the bulls with their half-moons on the hind legs, by which, difabling them from flight, they

BUL

are eafily difpatched. Savor, Di&. Coram. T. 2. p. r6S? 6 feq. voc. Taureau. BvLL-figbting, afport or exercife irmch in vogue among the Spa- niards and Portugueze, confuting in a kind of combat of a ca- valier or torador againft a wild bull, either on foot or on horfe- back, by riding at him with a lance.

The Spaniards have bull-fights, i. e. feafts attended with {hews, in honour of St. John, the Virgin Mary, fafc. Bum. Hift. Orb. Terr. P. 2. c. r. §. 18. p. 468, feq.

This fport the Spaniards received from the Moors, among whom it was celebrated with great eclat. Some think, that the Moors might have received the cuftom from the Romans, and they from the Greeks. Dr. Plot is of opinion, that the TavfokaSa&w »i7i?|wiamongft the Thefialians, who firft instituted this game % and of whom Julius Ca-.far learned and brought it to Rome b, were the origin both of the Spanifh and Portuguefe bull-fighting, and of the ICnglilh /WZ-running c .— [* Prid. Not. ad Marmor. ^4iW, inter Manner. Oxon. >> Plin. Hift. Nat. 1. 8. c. 45. Suet, in Claud, c. zi. n 8. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 2 p. 904, feq. voc. Taurus. c Plot, Nat.Hift. Stafford, c. 10. §. 76. p. 440.]

The practice was prohibited by pope Pius V. under pain of excommunication, incurred ipfofalio But fucceeding popes have granted feveral mitigations in behalf of the toradors. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 5. p. 723. voc. Toreador. BviL-rtmning, denotes a feudal cuftom obtaining in the honour of Tutbury in Staffordftiire, where antiently, on the day of the affumption of our Lady, a bull is turned loofe by the lord to the minftrels, who, if they can catch him before he paffes the river Dove, are to have him for their own, or, in lieu thereof, to receive each forty pence; in confideration of which cuftom they pay twenty pence yearly to the faid lord. Plot, lib. ck. p, 439, feq. Bull, in aftronomy, the conftellation Taurus. See the article

Taurus, Cycl. Bull's-^, in meteorology, a little dark cloud, redifh in the middle, chiefly appearing about the Cape of Good Hope ; thus denominated by the Portuguefe, who, on the appearance of it, inftantly take down their fails, as knowing that a ter- rible ftorm of thunder, lightning, and a whirlwind, is at hand. Chauv. Lex. Phil. p. 454. voc. Oculus Tauri. Bull- finch. — This is a very pernicious bird in gardens and orch- ards. They teed on the young buds of trees in fpring, which contain the bloffoms for the fummer's fruit. The black-thorn, or floe-tree, is the great favourite of the bull-finch, and keeps him employed in the hedges in mild weather ; but if the latter end of the winter have been fevere, and thefe fhrubs are back- ward of their buds in February, he then comes into the gar- dens,^ the trees growing there being forwarder than thofe in the field in a cold fpring ; they will fometimes come in fuch num- bers as to take off all the buds from the currants, plums, £gr, in the gardens of a whole town in a few days. He is fo bold a bird, that no fcarecrow, or other means that can bedevifed, can deter him ; his great favourite in the garden is the damfon tree, and he will feed upon this while a perfon comes almoft clofe up to him. It is very eafy to fhoot thefe birds ; but the buds and young branches are ufually much in- jured by this method, and the beft way feems to be to dawb over the twigs in many places with bird-lime. Mortim. Hufb. p. 3 2 +- BvLL-hcad, the Englifh name given to a fmall fifh of the cottus kind, found very frequently in ihallow running waters, and called by the antients bcetus and ceeius.

Bellonius, and many others, have called it fimply cottus, and fome others cottus capitatus, the headed cottus, from the big- nefs of the head in proportion to the body j but its moft ufual name, though a very improper one, is gobius capitatus, and Gefner has called it gobius fluviati 'lis, the name of the common gudgeon. It is diftinguilhed by Artedi by the name of the fmooth cottus, without fcales, and with two fpines upon the head. Artedi Gen. Pifc. p. 34. See the articles Cottus s and Gobius capitatus. BuLL-rr<?«r, an Englilh name for a fifh of the falmon kindj caught in many of the rivers of England, and more ufually called the fcurf. IVilhtgkby, Hift. Pifc. p. 193. See the article Scurf. BULL, Bulla, is alfo ufed, in middle age writers, for afealhung to the letters, efpecially of a prince. Montfauc. Palaeogr. 1. 6. Prol. p. 378. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 638. Suic. Thef. Ecclef. T. 1. p. 706. voc. Bu-Vi«. See the article Bull, Cycl. and Suppl.

Hence alio the word bullare, ufed for fealing, and doSlores bul- lati, for thofe admitted to the degree, by virtue of diplomata of princes, without undergoing the regular exercifes andexamina* tion. Du Cange, Gloff Lat. T. 1. p. 643. We meet with four kinds of thefe bulli, or bulla, golden, fil- ver, waxen, and leaden, all in ufe among the emperors and kings of the middle and barbarous ages a. In fome, the im- preffion is made on the folid metal itfelfj in others on wax,

and only inclofed in a metalline box, or cafe b [ a Kirchmam

de Annal. c. 8. p. 51, feq. Nicol. de Sigill. c. 43. §. 2. Pi- tifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 302. in Vog. Fabr. Thef. p. 384. b Spelm. Gloff p. 90.]

{Sealing