Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/397

 BUG

BUFETAGE, Bufeiagium, or bufetaria, a duty paid to the lord for the drinking, or rather felling of wine in taverns. The word is formed from buvetage, or buveterie, of the French boire, to drink. DuCange, GlofT. Lat. T. i. p. 635.

BUFF (Cycl.) — The skin of the American moufe deer, when well drefled, makes excellent buff. The Indians make their fnow-fhoes of them. Their way of drefling it, which is rec- koned very good, is thus : After they have haired and grained the hide, they make a lather of the moufe's brains in warm wa- ter, and, after they have foaked the hide for fome time, they Irretch and fupple it. Phil. Tranf. N° 368. p. 168. Seethe article Skin.

BUFFALO, Bidmlus, in zoology. See Bubalus.

BUFFET^w/, a little portable feat, without back or arms. Neve, Build. Diet, in voc

BUFFOONS, (Cycl.) are the fame with what we otherwife find denominated fcurra % gelafiani b, mimilogi c , minijlelli d , go- liardi c, joculatores f , &c. whofe chief (cene is laid at the tabJes of great men. — [ a Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 2. p. 713. voc. Scur- ra. b Id. T. I. p. $4.5. voc. Gelafiani. c Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 3. p. 551. voc. Mimilogi. d Id. ibid. p. 558. voc. Minijlelli. c Id. T. 2. p. 637. voc. Goliardi, { Id. T. 1. p. 636. voc. Buffones.'] Gallienus never fat down to meat without a fecond table of

. buffoons by him s j Tillemont alfo renders pantomimes by buf- foons \— [s Pitifc. loc. cit. h Tillemont, Hift. desEmper. T. 2. p. 144. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1665.] In which fenfe he obferves, the fhews of the buffoons were ta- ken away by Domitian, reffored by Nerva, and finally abo- lifhed by Trajan. However commendable the firfr. abolition of them was, it became odious, becaufe done by Domitian. Seethe article Pantomime.

BUFO, in zoology, the name by which many authors call the common toad, denominated by others rubeta. See the article Rubeta,

BUFONIT^E, faffile teeth of the wolf fifh. See the article Lycodontes.

Pulvls Bufokum. See ToAD-pozvder.

BUGA marble, in natural hiftory, a name given by the Spani- ards to a fpecies of black marble, called by our artificers the Namur-marble, and known among the antient Romans by the name of jnarmorLuculleum. It is common in many parts of Europe, and is ufed by the Spaniards in medicine as well as in building ; the powder of it being faid to be an excellent ftyp- tic, applied to frem wounds, hill's Hilt of Foffils. See the article Luculleum M armor.

BUGEE, in zoology, a fpecies of monkey, which we fee fome- times brought over for a fhew. It is an Indian animal, and a very rare one even there. It is about the fize of a beaver, and much of the fame colour, but its tail and claws wholly of the monkey kind.

BUGELUGEY, in zoology, the name of a large fpecies of li- zard, called by Clufius, and fome other authors, by the inde- terminate name of Lacertus Indiats. It grows to four feet long, and will then mcafure nine inches round ; the tail is very long, and ends In an extremely flender point. It is of a brown co- lour, but oddly variegated with a blueifli white in regularly figured fpots, fome of them being fquare, and others of a rhomboidal figure ; thefe are irregularly fcattcred over the whole body. The skin is covered with fmall fcales ; thofe about the head and neck are round, thofe on the back fquare, and thofe on the tail oblong, and difpofed in a circular feries. Its mouth opens to a great width ; its teeth are very fharp be- fore, but large and blunt behind ; and the hinder legs are much longer than the fore ones, and twice as thick, though thofe are by no means flender. Its toes are very long, and the claws long, yellow, and very fharp. The fcales which cover the belly are four or five times larger than thofe on the back. Ray's Synop Animal, p. 270.

BUGG-caterpillar, in natural hiftory, a name given byMr.Bonnet to a fmall fpecies of caterpillar, which finells exactly like a bug. This is not the only fpecies which yields a fcnfible finell, for there is one of the middle-fized fmooth kind, which, at the time of the change into the chryfalis ftate, yield a very plea- fant rofe-like fcent, and their cafes, which are made of earth and fiik, retain that fmell for a long time together, even for feveral years. There is another, which finells ftrongly of mu(k. Phil. Tranf. N° 469. p. 467.

BUGGERS, Bulgarii, antiently fignified a kind of heretics, otherwife called Paterim, Cathari, and Alblgenfes. The word is formed of the French Bougres, which fignified the fame, and that from Bougria or Bulgaria, the country where they chiefly appeared. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 636. voc. Bulgari.

The Buggers are mentioned by Matthew Paris, in the reign of Henry III. under the name of Btigares a. Circa dies autem illos invaluh hareiica pravitas eorum qui vulgariter dicuntur Paterini 6? Bugares, de quorum erroribm malo tacere quam loqui b. They were ftrenuoufly refuted by Fr. Robert, a dominican, fur- named die Bugger, as having formerly made profeffion of this herefy. Froiffart, fpeaking of Don Pedro king of Caftile, fays he was excommunicated and declared bugger and infidel E. He adds, that one Bctifach, the duke of Berry's treafurer, was burnt alive at Beziers s for having owned himfelf a heretic, and Suppl. Vol, I.

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that he maintained the opinion of the Buggers, who denied the Trinity and Incarnation d. — [ * Vid. Mattb. Paris, in Vit. Hen. III. f> Cafen. Orig. Franc, p. 26, feq. voc. Bougre. c Froiffart, 1, 1. c. 227. Et fui en plein confijloire en Avignon & en la chambre des excomwuniez, publiquement declare & repute pour Bougre &f incredule. d Id. T. 2. 1. 7. Auhert, Not. ad Ri- chcl. T. 1. p. 224.J

Bugger, or Buggerer, came afterwards to be ufed for a So- domite ; it being one of the imputations laid, right or wrong, on the Bulgarian heretics, that they taught, or at leaft prac- tifed, this abominable crime. Cafen. Orig. p. 27. Menag. Orig. p. 114. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1149. voc. Bou- gre. DuCange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 637. voc. Bulgari.

Bugger, Bulgarius, is alfo a denomination given to ufurers, a vice to which the fame heretics are faid to have been much ad- dicted. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 637.

BUGLE, Bugula, in botany. See the article Bugui.a.

BUGLOSS, Buglojfum, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower confifts of one leaf, of a rotated form, and divided into many fegments at the edges ; the cup is divided into fegments even to the bafe, and from this there arifes a piftil, which is fixed in the manner of a nail to the lower part of the flower, and is furrounded by four embryos, which afterwards become as many feeds, fhaped like a viper's head, and ripening in the cup, which becomes greatly enlarged to receive them.

The fpecies of bug/of enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The broad-leaved ever-green buglofs. 2. The great narrow-leaved blue-flowered buglofs. 3. The great narrow- leaved white-flowered buglofs. 4. The great narrow-leaved buglofs, with red or variegated flowers. 5. The great buglofs, with finuated leaves. 6. The taller and rougher common bu- glofs. 7. The great black wild buglofs. 8. The great buglofs of Crete, with a blue or purple flower. 9. The great Cretic buglofs, with a red flower. 1 0. The great Cretic buglofs, with a white flower. 11. The Portugal buglofs, with undulated leaves, like thofe of vipers buglofs. 12. The (mailer narrow- leaved buglofs. 13. The letter wild buglofs, 14. The "fmall fweet Cretic buglofs, with a beautifully variegated flower. 15. The warty or pearled Cretic buglofs. 16. The narrow-leaved buglofs, with echinated feeds. 17. The red-rooted luglofs, commonly called the ordinary blue-flowered alkanef. 18. The red-flowered, red-rooted buglofs, or alkanet. 19. The white- flowered red-rooted buglofs, or alkanet, with white flowers. 20. The narrow-leaved indented bugkfs. i\. The rofemary- leaved flirubby buglofs. 22. The gromwell-leaved Portugal ihrubby buglofs. 23. The' gromwell-leaved annual field bu- glofs. 24. The fmalleft annual yellow-flowered buglofs, called yellow alkanet. 25. The Portugal buglofs, with long, rough, and curled leaves. 26. The Portugal buglofs, with leaves be- fet with fmall fharp granules. 27. The blue-flowered hoary fea buglofs.

The flowers of the common buglofs ftand recommended for the fame virtues with thofe of borrage ; they are fuppofed to be cordials of the very firft rank, and to be of great ufe in hy- pochondriac and melancholic cafes. But thefe virtues are not well warranted. Tournefort, Hift. Plant, p. 133.

BUGLOSSUS, in zoology, a name ufed by many authors for the foal fifh. Gefner, p. 785.

BUGULA, Bugle, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower confifts of one leaf, which is formed into a fingle lip, and divided into three fegments ; the middle one of thefe is bifid, and the fmall jaggs feem to occupy the place of an upper lip. The piftil arifes from the cup, and is fixed in the manner of a nail to the hin- der part of the flower, and is furrounded by four embryos, which afterwards ripen into four roundiih feeds ; thefe are con- tained in a capfule, which was before the cup of the flower. To thefe marks it is to be added, that the flowers of bugle are placed verticillately.

The fpecies of bugle enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe : I. The common blue-flowered bugle. 2. The greyifh or white flowered bugle. 3. The greateft Alpine bugle. 4. The hairy wild bugle, with beautifully red flowers; and, 5. The white-flowered hairy bugle. Tournef In ft. p. 2C9. Bugle is a noted vulnerary, much ufed in potions of that inten- tion, and alfo in plafters, efpecially among the French, with whom it is a proverb, that the perfon who has bugle and fa- nicle, has no occafion for a furgeon.

It is ufed both internally and externally for all bruifes, wounds, and contufions; for fores and ulcers, fpitting of blood, and haemorrhages from any part ; alfo for the dyfentery, fluor al- busj difeafes of the throat, and thruflies in the mouth. Vid. fames, Med. Diet, in voc.

BUILDING (Cycl.)— The perfection of building confifts in its adequate agreement with the intention of the founder a • its decoration in the aflemblage of fuch things as are proper to at- tract the attention of perfons paffing by b j its ftrength or firm- nefs, in being free from the danger of coming fhortly to ruin or decay c ; its utility or conveniency, that difpofition of the whole, and each part, which renders its ufe to the owner moft perfect d ; its beauty, in the true or apparent perfection of it, confidered as feen e. — [ a Wolf. Elem. Archit. §. 8. b Id. ib. §. 14. = Id. ib. §. 6. d Id. ib. §. 7. « Id, ib. §. 9]

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