Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/396

 BUD

BUD

1.

4. c. 9.

Philofophical Transactions, loc.

Kot. P. 2 citat.

The antients were particularly folicitous to preferve their buck lers in right ; it being highly infamous, and even penal, to re- turn without them c. it was on their bucklers that they carried off the bodies of their flain, efpecially thofe of diftinction J .— [ c Pott. Arch. Att. 1. 3, c. 13. p. iij. d Id. ibid. c. 4. p. 34, fcq j Buckler of a cajk, denotes a moveable head, whereby to com- prefe the contents of it.

Jn this fenfe we fay, a buckler of pilchards. Pett. Difc. Du- plic. Proport. p 114. See tiie article Pilchard. BUCKRAM, a thick fort of linnen or hempen cloth, ftifFened with gum, chiefly ufed in the linings of cloaths, to fuftain and make them keep their form.

The word is formed from the French bou%ram, which fignifie; the fame ; and this perhaps from the old French word fauque- ran, a fort of fluff fuppofed to be made of goats hair, called poll dc bouc. Trev. Diet. Univ. voc, Bouqueran. Menage, Orig. p. 114. Cafe?i. Orig. p, Buckrams are chiefly made of old cloth, efpecially meets ; tho', for want of this, they are frequently alfo made of new linnen, gummed, fliffened, calendared, and dyed. Hought. Collect. T. 2. p. 409. N° 355. Savar. Diet. Comm. T. 1. p. 432, voc. Bougram, BUCK THORN berries, the fruit or feed of a thorny tree, called by botanifl.£ rhamnus, or fpina certnna. See the article Rham NUS.

They are larger than the elder berries, round and black, yield- ing a bitter purple juice, tinged with green, and holding three or four cornered feeds, The tree" grows in woods and hedges, having its branches fet with long fliff thorns.

The fyrup is the only preparation of thofe berries now in phy fical life.

It is a flronc purgative, and effectual in evacuating watery and flatulent humors ; on which account it is efteemed in drop- fies, rhcumatifms, and even the gout. £hiinc. Difpenf. P. 2. feft. 8. n. 472. p. 196, feq.

Of buckthorn berries are made three feveral forts of colours ; being gathered green, and kept dry, they are called fap~ber- vies ; which being fleeped in alum-water, give a fair yellow co- lour, ufed by painters, book-binders, and leather-drefTcrs ; who alfo make a green colour, caUcdfap-green, taken from the berries when they are black. Thefe being bruifed, and put into a brafs kettle, and there fufrered to remain for three or four days, with fome beaten alum put to them, they are afterwards prefted, and the liquor ufually put into bladders, and hung up till it be dry : this is afterwards diffolved in water or wine, hut 'Canary is the bell, to preferve the colour from ftarving. The third is of a purpltih colour, made of the berries, fuffered to grow upon the bullies till the middle or end of November, when they are ready to fall of themfelves. Vid. Boyle, Phil. Works abr. Vol. 2. p. 76, 77. BUCOLICA, li&uxwMXj;, is by fome ufed for the art of manag- ing, feeding, and breeding cattle. Micro:!. Lex. Philofoph. p. 222. BUCOLIC poetry is by fome called JJlrabic, as being fuppofed to have firft commenced among the antient herdfmen in riding a fort of waggons called ajlrabes

It is ufually divided into tnonoprofopium, wherein only a Angle perfon fpeaks, and amazb&um, or dialogue wherein are feveral interlocutors.

Theocritus's Idyllia, and Virgil's Eclogues, are the chief of the antient bucolics now extant.

Some afcribe the invention of bucolic poetry to the herdfmen of Laconia, who, not being able to hold the cuftomary feaft of virgins in honour of Diana Caryatis, by reafon of the war with Xerxes, inftituted (SaaoAjao-fw*, or bucolic exercifes, in lieu thereof. Seal. Poet. 1. 1. c. 4. p. J 7, feq. Pott. Arcrueol. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 408.

Hence alfo the origin of a fort of poetical champions, called try contending for the prizes frequently propofed for the con- querors in this kind of combat. Of which rankDaphnis was the moft diftinguifhed. They not only rehearfed their verfes, but plaid on a kind of fiftula or pipe, called. fyfinx. Seal. loc. cit. p. 17, feq.
 * 1) Bxa^ta-«i, by the Latins lucliones, who went about the coun-

The abbot GouIIey has a diflertation exprefs on the antient bu- colic poetry of Sicily 5 wherein there is a particular enquiry in- to the birth-place and adventures of Daphnis. Hilt. Acad. In- fcript, T. 3. p. 123, & 131, feq. BUCTON, a word ufed by Severinus and fome others, as a name for that part of the pudendum muliebre, commonly call- ed the hymen. Cafl. Lex. Med. p. 115. See the article Hymen, CycL BUD {CycL) primarily denotes that part of a feed which firft begins to fprout or germinate. See the articles Seed, Vege- tation, & c.

In which fenfe, bud amounts to the fame with germ, germen, gem, or gemma.

In moll feeds is found a true bud, confifting of perfect leaves, only differing in bignefs from thofe which grow on the ftalk. In many feeds this bud is very apparent, in others it lies fo deep

between the lobes, as to be almoft indifcernible. In fome" plants the leaves of the buds are but two, in others four, in others fix, and in fome more. Grew, Anat. Vegct. I, 4. c. 5. §. 3, feq. p. 206, feq. Bud is alfo ufed to denote the beginning of a bloffom, or young fprout, whether of a branch, foliage, or flower. The buds of flowers and fruits are formed at the fame time as the branches themfelves on which they arife. Mem. Acad. Scienc. an. 17 u. p. 59, feq.

The bud of a branch has its origin from the inner part of the ligneous body next the pith ; by which it differs from a thorn, which has its origin from the outer and lefs fruitful part, and fo produces no leaves, being as it were only the male of a bud. Grew, ubi fup. I. 1. 4. App. p. 33.

Every bud, befides its proper leaves, wherein it is couched or folded up, is covered with divers leafy pannicles or furfoils, which ferve as a defence to the leaves themfelves. Idem, ib. c. 4. §. 17. p. 32. Item, I. 4.. c. 1. §. 2. p. I4S» feq. The buds or knots on branches arife from the inmoft part of the branches, the ftructure of the ligneous fibres and little blad- ders of the branch being ranged fo nicely in this form, that, upon the putting out of the branch, the bud, which is com- pofed of the fame parts, may likewife moot with it. Malpig. Anat. Plant. P. 26, feq. Phil. Tranfacu. N° 118. p. 404. Leewenhoeck aflures us, that in the bud of a curran tree, even in winter, he could difcover not only the ligneous part, but even the berries themfelves, appearing like final! grapes. Niew. Relig. Philof. p, 374, feq. BUDDLE, {CycL) in mineralogy, a name given by the Englifh dreflers of the ores of metals, to a fort of frame made to re- ceive the ore after its firft feparation from its grofteft foul- nefs.

The ore is firft: beaten to powder in wooden troughs, through which there runs a continual ftream of wa' erywhich carries away fuch of it as is fine enough to pafs a grating, which is placed at one end of the trough ; this falls into a long fquare receiver of wood, called the launder : the heavieft and pureft of the ore falling at the head of the launder, is taken out feparately, and requires little more care or trouble ; but the other part, which fpreads over the middle and lower end of the launder, is thrown into the buddlc,-wh\ch. is along fquare frame of boards, about four feet deep, fix long, and three wide ; in this there ftands a man bare-footed, with a trambling fhovel in his hand, to call up the ore about an inch thick, upon a fquare board placed before him as high as his middle ; this is termed the buddle-htzd ; and the man dexteroufly, with one edge of his fhovel, cuts and divides it longwife, in refpedt of himfelf, about half an inch afunder, in thefe little cuts; the water coming gently from the edge of an upper plain board, carries away the filth and lighter part of the prepared ore firft, and then the metalline part im- mediately after ; all fallingdown into the buddle, where, with his bare feet, he ftrokes it and fmooths it, that the water and other heterogeneous matter may the foonerpafs off" from it. When the buddle by this means grows full, the ore is taken out ; that at the head part, being the fin eft and pureft, is taken out feparate from the reft, as from the launder. The reft is ao-ain trampled in the Cunsbuddk ; but the head, or, as it is called, the forehead of this buddle, and of the launder, are mixed together, and carried to another buddle, and trampled as at firft. The fore- heads of this lad buddle, that is, that part of the ore which has fallen at the head, is carried to what they call a drawing luddle,whofe difference from the reft is only this, that it has no tye, but only a plain Hoping board, on which it is once more wafhed with the trambling fhovel. Tin-ore, when it is taken from this, is called black tin, and this is found to be com- pletely ready for the blowing- houfe. Phil. Tranf. N° 69. BUDDLING of calamine, denotes the operation of. cleanfing it from filth, by wafhing and picking it, preparatory to the bak- ing it in the oven. Philof. Tranfact. N° 198. p. 675. See Buddle and Calaminaris lapis, CycL and Suppl. Buddling dijli, a fmall fhallow veflel, like the bafons of a pair of fcales, for the wafhing of ores of metals by the hand. Shaw's Lech p. 8. BUDGE-barrels, are fmall barrels well hooped, with only one head, the other end having nailed on it a piece of leather, to draw together upon firings, like a purfe.

Budge-barrcls are ufed for carrying powder along with a gun or mortar; as being lefs dangerous, and alfo ealier than whole barrels. They are alfo ufed upon batteries of mortars, for holding meal-powder. Guill. Gent. Diet. P. 2. in voc. BUDLEIA, in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, the name of a diftinct genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The calyx is an extremely fmall perianthium, divided into four at the end ; placed erect, and remaining after the flower is fal- len. The flower confifts of a fingle petal, which is ftbhtlv di- vided into four fegments, placed erect, and is of three times the fize of the cup ; the fegments are of an oval figure, and acute. The ftaminaare four extremely fhort filaments, fitu- ated at the notches of the flower. The antheras are very fhort and ample. The germen is of an oval figure, the ftyle is fimple, of but half the length of the flower, and the ftigma is obtufe. The fruit is an oval oblong capfule, marked with two furrows, and containing two cells. The feeds are very numerous, and extremely fmall. Ltnnai Gen. Plant, p. 26

BUFETAGE,