Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/395

 BUG

BUG

Cdnge, Gloff. Lat. T. i. p. 631. Paracelf. de Ulcer.

, c. 20.

BUCCELLATIO, a word ufed by fome chirurgical writers for the flopping the bleeding of an artery or vein, by applying lint to it.

BUCCEI.LATON, in the antient medical writers, the name of a medicine, in which fcaimnony was the principal ingre- dient.

They ufed to mix pepper, and the feeds of fmallage, anife, and fennel, with fcammony, and then mixing up the whole with honey into a thick electuary, they fent it to be baked in an oven. This is the buecellatum of iEgineta; but Aetius de- fcribes it as made of fcammony, with its correctives, put into fermented flour, and baked in the oven into a fort of loaf. Aetius-, I.3. c. 100. Mgineta, 1. 7. c. 5. Cajl. Lex. Med.

p. 114-

BUCCELLATUM, in antient military writers, denotes camp- bread, or bifcuit baked hard and dry, both for lightnefs and keeping. Ammian. Marccllhi. 1. 17. DuCange, GlofT. Lat. T. I. p 633. Spartian. in Nig. c. 10. Calv. Lex. p. 127. See the articles Bread, and Bisket.

The word is formed from buccea, or buccella, a morfel, or mouthful of meat.

Soldiers always carried with them enough for a fortnight, and fometimes much longer, during the time that military difci- pline was kept up. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 139. Pi- tifc. Lex. Ant. T. r. p. 299. Briff. de Verb. Signif. p. 87. DuCange, Gloff. Gnec. T. 1. p. 213. voc. BowxiMt-p.

BUCCINA (Cycl.) — This inftrument was in ufe among the Jews, to proclaim their feaft-days, new-moons, jubilees, fab- batic years, and the like a. At Lacedamion, notice was given by the buccina when it was fupper-time ; and the like was done at Rome, where the grandees had a buccina blown both before they fat down to table and after b. — [ a Bartoloc. Bibl. Rabbin. P. 2. p. 186, feq. b Scbd. ad Polyb. p. 1183. Buleng. de Imp. Rom. 1. z. c. 33. Scboetg. Ant. Lex. p. 235. J The found of the buccina was called buccinus, or bucinus, and the mufician who played on it, buccinator. Du Cangc, Gloll. Lat. T. I. p. 633.

Buccina alfo denotes the fpace or extent to which the found of the bucdna may be heard. Du Cange, loc. cit.

Buccina auris, in middle age writers, denotes the tympanum or drum of the ear. Vid. Prid. Imper. de Venat. 1. 1. c. 25. Du Cange, loc. cit.

BUCCINATOR, itswftir, (Cyd.) he that founds or winds the buccina. Aquin. Lex. Milit. p. 140. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. I. p. 3C0. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 127.

Among the Romans there was -a public Have, denominated buccinator nominum, whofe office was to attend the public crier. Trev. Dift.Univ. T. 1. p. 1274. P'i'fi- loc - cit.

BUCCINUM, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the lark-fpur. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

Buccjnum is alfo ufed for the trumpet-pell. See Trumpet- Jhdl.

BUCCO, in anatomy, a name given by Riolanus, and fome others, to the mufcle more ufually called buccinata, and con- trabens labiorum.

BUCCULA, in anatomy, the flefhy part under the chin. Bar- tbol.Anat. 1. 3. c. II. p. 532. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 114. Some extend the name farther to the whole lower part of the face, comprehending the under part of the lower lip, with the chin and the fiefhy part under it. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1275.

B'UCCula, in antiquity, denotes the umbo of a fhield, or the ' part prominent in the middle thereof. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. r. p. 141.

It is thus called, becaufe ufually made in the form of a mouth or face, either of a man or fome animal. The like figures were fometimes alfo found on other parts of armour, efpeci ally on the loricse and thoraces. Du Conge, GlofT. Lat. T. 1. p. 634. Item, Gloll'. Gnec. T. r. p. 215. voc. Booxia&y. The generality of writers, after Turncbus, have miftaken the buccukt for the vizor % or that part of the helmet which co- vers the mouth. In which fenfe they interpret that of Juve- nal, Lerica IS free! a de cafftde bueculet pendens b. But that paf- fage quadrates equally well with the former acceptation.' — f" Turneb. Advert". I. 9. c. 16. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 300. Biiffon. de Verb. Signif. p. 87. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 128. Kenn. Rom. Ant. Not. P. 2. 1. 4. c. 9. p. 201. b Juv. Sat. 10. v. 134.]

BUCHNERA, in botany, filename of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The perianthium is tubular, confuting of one leaf, divided into five fegments at the edge, and remaining after the flower is fallen. The flower confifts of one petal, which forms a very long and capillary arched tube, and its verge is plain and lflort, and is divided lightly in- to five fegments, which are fmall at the bafe, and broader, and figured like a heart at the top. The ftamina are four very fhort filaments ; the anthera? are oblong and obtufe ; the ger- men of the piftil is oblong and oval ; the ftyle is very flendcr, and of the length of the tube ; and the ftigma is obtufe. The fruit is a capfule of an oblong oval figure, pointed at the end, containing two cells, and opening at the top into two parts.

The feeds are numerous, and of an angular figure, tiftmd Gen. Plant, p. 302. Hort. Cliff, p. 501. BUCK, (Cycl) a male horned bead of venery or chafe, whofe fe- male is denominated a doe.

A buck the firft year is called A fawn, the fecond a pricket, the third ayW, the fourth a fire, the fifth a buck of the firjl bead, and the fixth a. great buck. Cox, Gent. Recr. P. I. p. 8. Buck is alfo applied to the males of the hare and rabbet kind. Hares commonly go to buck in January, February, and March, and fometimes all the warm months ; fometimes' they feek the buck feven or eight miles from the place where they 'fit. Cox. lib. cit. p. 86.

The buck rabbet is faid to kili all the young he can come at ; on which account the doe is careful to hide her offspring in fome remote corner, out of his way.

The doe coney goes to buck as foon as fhe has kindned. She cannot fuckle her young till fhe have been with the buck. When he has bucked, he ufually falls backward, and lies as in a trance half dead, at which time he is eafily taken. Cox, ib p. 92. BvcK-ma/l, is ufed by fome for the maft or fruit of the beech- tree. Diet. Ruft. T. 1. in voc. UCK-bean. See Trifolium paluflre. Buck-_/K»j. See the article Skins.

BvcK-Jlall, in our antient law books, a toil wherein to take deer. Dugd. Monaft. T. 2. p. 827. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 635.

By an antient ftatute, no perfon is allowed to keep a buck- Jlall, who has not a park of his own. Stat, r 9 Hen. 7 . BUCKET, in hydraulics, a kind of veiTel or recipient chiefly of ufe for the raifing and conveyance of water from wells, and other places.

The word is formed from the French bacquct, a pail or tub; Savor. Dift. Comm. T. I. p 209. voc. Bacquet. In an army, buckets are carried with the artillery, in the fire- workers {lores. Gaill. Gent. Dift. P. 2. in voc. Town buckets, for extinguishing fires, are made of thick lea- ther, ftrongly foaked and boiled. Trev. Dic~t. Univ. T. 4. p. 1589. voc. Eau.

One method of raifing water, defcribed by hydraulic writers; is by the means of a chain of buckets. Wolf. Elem. Hydraul. §• 96- BUCKING, an operation performed on linnen cloth and yarn, to render them fomewbat white, by working them with lye made ofafhes. Dift. Ruft. T. 2. voc. IVhitening, Bucking of cloth is the firft ftep or degree of whiteninu it. To drive a buck of yarn, they firft cover the bottom of the bucking tub with fine afhes of the afti-tree, then fpread the yarn thereon, then cover it again with allies, and thus ftratum fuper ftratum, till the yarn is all in ; when they cover the whole with a bucking cloth, and lay on it more allies, and pour in warm water, till the tub be full, and let it Hand all ni<mt. Next morning they let the lye run into another veffel, and, as it waftes, fill up the tub with warm water from a kettle, and, as this waftes, fill it up with the lye that runs from the bucking tub ; ftill observing to make the lye hotter and hotter, till it boils. Thus are both the tub and kettle to be fupplied for at leaft four hours, which is called driving a buck of yarn. Hought. Coll. T. 2. N" 350. p. 397, feq. BUCKLE, in matters of trade, a little metalline machine, whereby to retain and keep faff certain parts of the habit, as well as of the harnefs of horfes, b?c.

The word is formed from the French boucle, and that, accord- ing to Caffeneuve, from the barbarous Latin plufcula, which fignified the fame ". According to Menage, from bucula, the anfa or handle of a buckler b .— [» Cafen. Orig. Franc, p. 26. h Menag. Orig. p. 113. Voc. Boucle. See alfo Du Cange] Gloff. Grasc. p. 215. VOC. Boux?.a.J

The buckle is a part of modern drefsj correfponding to the •jz^ovy, and fibula, among the antients.

Buckles are of divers forts, as doe and garter buckles ; fome round, others fquare, or oval, or cut, each of which have their refpective artificers by whom they are made. The like may be faid of the great variety of buckles belonging to the pack and hackney-faddles, fuch as fetts, black or oiled buckles, fanguine buckles, crupper buckles, breaftplate buckles, and furcingle buckles : and to thefe may be added divers other buckles, made promifcUoully with the former, as the hefter buckle, plain and knobbed, for the white bridles, and the open and plain crown buckles for. the black ; and fo the Poland buc- kle, the peafe buckle, chafed buckles, Dutch and Irifll buckles, which are brals, and made by the copper-fmith. Plat, Nat Hift. Staffbrdfh. c. 9. §. 80. p 377. G/VyZ>-BucKLE, among fadlers, is a four fqUare hood, with a tongue, which is made fteady, by going through a hole of lea- ther, and faftened with narrow thongs. Did. Ruft. in voc BUCKLER {Cycl.) is the fame with what we otherwife call fhield or target; and by the one of the other we indifferently render what among the antients were denominated iam, dy- peus, fcutum, and parma * ; though the three latter were diffe- rent from each other "._ [" Philof. Tranfaft. N» 241. p. 206 b Salmuth. ad Pancirol. P. 1. tit. 54. p. 285. Pott. Ar- chasol. 1. 3. c. 4J T. 2. p. 32, frq. Kenn. Rom. Antiq.

Nor.