Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/394

 BUB

BUC

cure is immediately to be fct about; for though there is no great difficulty or danger in thefe cafes when taken in time, yet there are few in which delays are of worfe confequence ; for, from thefe, from an irregular courfe of life, or from an im- proper method of treatment, the cure often becomes extreme- ly difficult, and the patient too frequently gets into a confirm- ed lues.

It is much difputcd whether the cure of thefe tumors by difcuf- fion be fafe ; many are of opinion, it is by no means to be allowed in thefe any more than in peftilcntial buboes, fmce in both cafes, by that means, the poifon is driven back into the blood. But the cafe is not parallel, and the truth is, that, in thefe tumors, the cure by fuppuration, is How, tedious, and at- tended with many inconveniences, and that much better effects inay be produced, and that with the greateft fafety, by purging and mercurial medicines, with the decoctions of the woods, and other purifiers and fweetners of the blood. The ben 1 method, whether the bubo be attended with a gonor- rhea or not, is to purge frequently, and give proper dofes of calomel ; for buboes can never be fafely cured till the body is perfectly freed from the venereal venom ; and, by this means, if there be a gonorrhsea in the cafe alfo, that is cured at the fame time When there is a great inflammation, and the pa- tient is of a robufr plethoric habit, it is always neceflary to bleed j while this method is followed, difcutient plafters fhould be applied externally to the tumor, as the mercurial plafter or the like, and the patient fhould be kept to a regular courfe of life, and a proper diet. By this method, venereal buboes, which "are not become inveterate, may be cured with great cafe and iafery.

But if the furgeon be called in too late, if the bubo will not give way to thefe methods, or if, for any other reafon, he determines to bring it to fuppuration, the maturation is in this cafe to be promoted as faft as poffible ; and one great me- thod to bring on fuppuration with fpeed, is to order the part to be rubbed ffrongly, and for a confideraMetime, either with the fingers wetted with a little oil, or with linen rags, till it look very red and inflamed, and this is to be often repeated, applying after ench time a plafter of diachylon, with the gums, or fome other of the maturating kind. While the patient is able to gc abroad, violent exercifes of all forts, as dancing and the like, are extremely proper, and do fervice in haftening a fuppu- ration. When the pain will not fuffer him to walk any longer, then it is proper to keep to the ufe of cataplafms, in> ftead of the plafter; thefe are indeed ever much more fervice- able to promote fuppuration than plafters, and the beft on this occafion are thofe made of onions, roafted under the afhes, or of flour, honey, and yeaft, or that of crumbs of bread boiled in milk, with the addition of a little fafFron ; thefe are to be ap plied warm to the parts, and frequently renewed, and it is al- ways beft to rub the parts till they look, very red, before tht application of them. During the ufe of thefe external reme- dies, the patient fhould be continually taking decoctions of the Woods, and fmall dofes of calomel ; for thefe greatly attenuate the blood, drive it toward the skin, and correct the venereal venom. When thefe methods have brought the fwelling to a perfect fuppuration, the fcalpel is to be taken in hand, to make the opening. Great caution is to be ufed in making the in- cifion, not to hurt the larger blood-veflels, which might occa- fion very dangerous hemorrhages. To avoid thefe mifchiefs, the protuberant part of the bubo is to be prefl'ed outward by the fingers, before the fcalpel is introduced to make the inci- fion. Great caution is alfo neceflary as to the time of opening thefe tumors j for the doing this either too foon, or too late. are of very bad confequence ; the firfl brings on violent pains and inflammations, and other bad fymptoms, and, by the latter, the venom has time given it to mix itfelf with the blood, and bring on a confirmed lues.

If the patient dreads the knife, the bubo may be opened with a cauflic ; and by whatever means it is done, it muft be after- Wards well deanfed. The proper dreffing on this occafion is the common digeftive ointment, with a fmall quantity of Ve- nice treacle, and a little red precipitate mixed in it; over this is to be applied a platter of diachylon, with the gums, or the like ; by which me.ins the lips of the bubo will be fufficiently fattened: and when fufficiently deterged in this manner, it may be healed by fome vulnerary balfam applied on lint. It fome- times happens, that the ulcerated bubo becomes fo ftubborn, that it will neither incarn nor cicatrize by the help of any medi- cines, but always difcharges a copious quantity of matter. If, in this cafe, burnt alum and red precipitate prove of no fervice, the actual cautery ought to be applied, and the lymphatics will by this means have their communications for ever cut off. Ilei/ler's Surgery, p. 207.

BunoKS, peftikntud. See Pestilential buboes.

BUBONOCELE {Cycl.)— Some make two kinds of bubonoceles; the one owing to a defcent of fome of the vifcera, as the omen- tum, or inteftines, flopping in the groin, and not falling fo far as to the fcrotum a ; the other a collection or fragnation of ex- crement itious humours in the inguinal glands ; which latter is - more properly called bubo, and differs little, except in feat, from the broncbocele b .— [ a Mquet. 1. 3. c. 53. Gal. de Turn. Pratt. Nat. c. 16. b Caji. Lex. Med. p. 11 4. "J See the articles

, Bubo, and Bronchocele ; Cycl. and Suppl.

BUBONIUM, in botany, a name given by fome authors to die after atticus. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. See the article Aster.

BUBONIUS lapis, a figured ftonc, in fhape refembling an owl's head, of a flinty fubftancc, black within', and cineritious with- out. It was thus denominated by Dr. Plot, havin^ not been before named by naturalifts. Plot, Nat. Hift. Oxfordfh. c. 5. §.4.5.

BUBULCA, in zoology, a fmall frefh- water fifh, called by fome bouviera and petenfe ; it is fmall, flat, and very fhort, approach- ing to a round rather than a long fhape, and of a fine filvery whitenefs. It feldom exceeds two inches in length. It has one fmall fin upon the back, and is covered with large and broad fcales ; its mouth is very fmall, and has no teeth, and its eyes are of a fine and perfect black. Its gall is fo large, that it is impoffible to take out its guts without breaking it ; and thus the fifh gets a dif,greeable bitternefs in its tafte, which makes it little regarded. Belhnius de Pifcib.

BUCA, in natural hiftory, a name by which fome authors call the bucrinum.

BUCAO, in natural hiftory, a name given by the people of the Philippine iflands to a fpecies of fcreech owl, which is of the fize of a peacock. It is very common in thofe iflands, but wholly unknown to us, and is a very beautiful bird, but makes a hideous noife in the night.

BUCARD1TES, or Bucardia, in natural hiftory, a name given by many authors to a ftone, in fome degree refembling the figure of an ox's heart. See Tab. of Foffils, clafs 9. It is ufually of the fubftance of the coarfer ftones, and b no other than a quantity of the matter of fuch ftone received while moift into the cavity of a large cockle, and thence ajTum- ing the figure of the infide of that fhell, the depreffion of the head of the cockle, where the cardo or hinge of this fhel! is, makes a long and large dent in the formed mafs, which gives it a heart-like fhape.

Thefe, and cafts of a like kind, of the matter of various forts of ftones and other foffils, of which the common pyrites is not the leaft common, are very frequent in many parts of the kingdom ; the ftone-pits of Glouccfterfhire, Northampton- fhire, and Oxfordshire, afford them in great quantities in ftone ; and our own tile clay-pits about London produce great numbers, formed of the matter of the common pyrites. Thefe laft are principally of the buccinum or nautilus kind, but arc caft in the fhell, exactly in the fame manner as the bucar- dites. Hill's Miff, of Foil; p. 646.

The bucardites are the larger ftones of the fpecies of cardites ; they are generally of a whitifh colour, fmooth and plain; tho' there are fome ribbed on eacli fide. Plot mentions a bucardi- tes, which he found at Stretford in Staffordfhire, which weighed twenty pounds, tho' broken half away, curioufly reticulated, with a white fpar-coloured ftone. Plot, Nat. Hift. Oxfordfh. c. 5. §. 145. p. 128. Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. feet. 1. c. 1. p. 263.

BUCARDIUM, in natural hiftory, a name given by authors to a kind of heart-fhell, refembling an ox's heart in fhape ; it is of the genus of the cordiformes, or heart-fhells, and differs from the other kinds, in being of a more globular figure.

The cabinets of the curious afford us feven fpecies of this fhell: 1. A yellow-furrowed one. 2. A grey fpinofe one. 3. A white furrowed one. 4. A thicker narrow one. 5. The thick one, with a cardo feparated from the apex. 6. The thick kind, with the cardo at the apex ; and, 7. The baftard Noah's ark- fhell. See He art -Jbells.

BUCCAFERREA, in botany, amine given by Micheli to a genus of plants, called fmce by Linnasus Ruppia. Michel, p. 35. See the article Ruppia.

BUCG/E mufculus, in anatomy, a name given by fome to the mufcle more ufually called the buccinator and contrabens labia- rum.

BUCCALES glandules {Cycl.)— Steno, and fome other writers, confound the buccal with the maxillary glands 3 j from which they are really difunct b . — [ * Sten. Obferv. Anat. p. 14. b Phil. Tranf. N° 304. p. 6, feq.] See the article Maxil- lary, Cycl. and Suppl.

BUCCANEERS (Cycl.) areufually confounded with freebooters, from whom, in ftrictnefs, they ought to be difcinguifhed. The antient inhabitants of Hifpaniola, and the other Caribee iflands, after their conqueft by the Europeans, confifted of four ranks or orders of perfons, viz. buccaneers, or bull-hunters, who fcour- ed the woods ; freebooters, who fcoured the feas as pyrates ; hufbandmen, who tilled the lands; and (laves. Of thefe, the two firft diftinguifhed tbemfelves moft, by their military difpo- fition, and the ravages they made, efpecially among the Spa- niards. Their hiftory, given by Oexmelin, under the title of The hi/lory of the freebooters and buccaneers, from the year 1 67 o to 1689, is fuIi °* trie mo *t daring refolute cnterprizes, but in- termixed with horrible cruelties. Vid. Cbarlev. Hift de rifle Efpagn. T. 3. p. 7) feq. Bibl. Raifon. T. n. p. io 0) feq, Savar. Diet. Coram, T. 1. p. 41 7, feq. Atlas Marit.'p. 320, feq.

BUCCEA, or Buccella, a term ufed by medicinal writers in

different fenfes ; fome ufe it to exprefs a fragment of any

thing, and others make it the name of what we ufually call a

polypus of the nofe. Vid. Cajf. Lex. Med. p. 114. £»«

2 Cange,